The Pansy Craze: When gay nightlife Los Angel really kicked off

Contents:

• GAY HOLLYWOOD THE 1930S
• GAY HOLLYWOOD: 45 OUT AND PROUD LGBT STARS (PHOTOS)
• B OF GAY ACTOR GIV RICH PORTRA OF '20S {FONT-SIZE:20PX;LOR:#999;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;MARG:0PX;MARG-TOP:10PX;}WISECRACKER: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF WILLIAM HAINES, HOLLYWOOD'S FIRST OPENLY GAY STAR BY WILLIAM J. MANN 444 PP., $29.95 {GRID-ROW-START:2;GRID-LUMN-START:2;GRID-LUMN-END:3;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{GRID-LUMN-START:1;GRID-LUMN-END:2;}}{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;MARG-BOTTOM:5PX;} A{LOR:#7B1B18;} IMG{PADDG-RIGHT:7PX;}BY {LOR:#BA0600;}SANNAH R. MANL, CRIMSON STAFF {BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;}{DISPLAY:NONE;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;DISPLAY:BLOCK;PADDG-TOP:20PX;PADDG-BOTTOM:20PX;MARG-TOP:20PX;BORR-TOP:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;BORR-BOTTOM:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;}}{DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;WIDTH:TO;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;POSN:-WEBK-STICKY;POSN:STICKY;TOP:70PX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-WEBK-BOX-PACK:CENTER;-WEBK-JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-PACK:CENTER;JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;POSN:UNSET;} {DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG:0PX;} > SPAN{WIDTH:35PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR-RADI:50%;} SVG{WIDTH:25PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EMAIL > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PRT > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_LK > SPAN{BACKGROUND-LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_UNTER .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EXPAND{WIDTH:35PX;HEIGHT:35PX;MARG:0PX;PADDG:0PX;BACKGROUND:NONE;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;BORR-RADI:50%;LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PACT{DISPLAY:NONE !IMPORTANT;} {MARG:0PX 5PX;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;} P{MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;FONT:17PX/25PX GEIA,SERIF;MARG-TOP:1EM;MARG-BOTTOM:1EM;} OL{MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;FONT:17PX/25PX GEIA,SERIF;PADDG-LEFT:80PX;} P A, OL A, P A:VISED, OL A:VISED{LOR:#BA0600;-WEBK-TRANSN:0.3S ALL;TRANSN:0.3S ALL;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} P A:HOVER, OL A:HOVER{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6{MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MARG-TOP:1EM;MARG-BOTTOM:1EM;LOR:#7B1B18;}WILLIAM HA WAS NOT A VERY GOOD ACTOR, BUT HE WAS A VERY POPULAR ONE, AND HOLLYWOOD OF THE 1920S THE PRRI WERE THE SAME AS THOSE OF HOLLYWOOD TODAY--'S THE BOX OFFICE THAT UNTS. HA IS ONE OF THE NOW-FOTTEN STARS OF THE SILENT SCREEN: HANDSOME, WTY AND GOOD-NATURED, BETWEEN 1926 AND 1931 HE WAS ONE OF THE BIGGT BOX-OFFICE DRAWS HOLLYWOOD, TOP ON MGM'S ROSTER OF STARS AND ADORED BY WOMEN FILM FANS EVERYWHERE. SPECIALIZG PLAYG THE ROLE OF THE "WISECRACKER," A JOKG, LIKABLE TRICKSTER HERO WHO STARTS OUT A B OF A LOUT BUT ALWAYS LEARN HIS LSON BY THE END OF THE FILM, HA MA HIS ON-SCREEN NAME AS A ROMANTIC HERO AND HIS OFF-SCREEN REPUTATN AS ONE OF THE MOST OUTGOG, CHARISMATIC AND POPULAR FIGUR HOLLYWOOD.HA WAS ALSO GAY, AND HE SET A TREND HOLLYWOOD BY LIVG OPENLY WH HIS LOVER, JIMMIE SHIELDS. WHEN THE POLIL WATERS CHANGED AROUND THE EARLY 1930S, HA REFED TO PLAY THE STUD "GAME"--TO REPUDIATE JIMMIE, TO ENTER TO A SHAM MARRIAGE AS SO MANY OTHER ACTORS DID, TO PRETEND TO BE WHAT HE WASN'T. AND IS THIS THAT PRECIPATED HIS EARLY EX OM THE MOVI, AROUND 1934. NOW THE BGRAPHER AND JOURNALIST WILLIAM J. MANN, FASCATED BY HA'S LORFUL RISE AND FALL THE FILM WORLD AND HIS UNIQUE REFAL TO VE TO THE STUD MANDS, HAS SHAPED AROUND HIS LIFE AN TRIGUG EXPLORATN OF FIFTY YEARS OF SHIFTG TSELTOWN MOR.MANN, TAKG AN AFFECTNATE BUT REFULLY CRIL VIEW OF THE HERO OF HIS BOOK, TRAC HA'S LIFE THROUGH S MULTIPLE METAMORPHOS. ONE OF THE BOOK'S CENTRAL REVELATNS IS THAT HOLLYWOOD THE 1920S WAS A PLACE WHERE WAS POSSIBLE TO BE OPENLY GAY. HOMOSEXUALY WAS SIMPLY ACCEPTED; GAY AND STRAIGHT PEOPLE MGLED SOCIALLY AS WELL AS PROFSNALLY, AND THERE WAS A LE DIVIDG THE ON-SCREEN PERSONA OF AN ACTOR OM HIS PRIVATE LIFE. BUT WH THE ADVENT OF SOUND AND THE NSERVATIVE REACTNISM OF THE 1930S WHICH ACPANIED THE START OF THE GREAT DEPRSN, A CRACKDOWN ENSUED ON BOTH THE NTENT OF THE FILMS AND THE PRIVATE LIV OF THEIR STARS.MANN SHOWS BOTH THE LONG-TERM EFFECT OF THE FORC UPON THE MOVI--THE FAMO HAYS MORALY , WHICH NSTRAED THE MOVI TO REPRENTG A RIGIDLY FED VALUE SYSTEM WHOSE IRON GRIP DID NOT BEG TO LOOSEN UNTIL THE 1960S AND '70S--AND THE VERY PERSONAL IMPACT UPON THE ACTORS HOLLYWOOD. THE STUDS CLARED THAT BEG GAY WAS NO LONGER OKAY HOLLYWOOD, THEREBY AVOIDG THE HARSH CRICISM OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND OTHER RELIG GROUPS, AND PROVIDG SP NTROL ON THE GOSSIP NEWSPAPERS THAT WERE RAPIDLY TAKG ON AN ALARMG PENNCE. ACTORS WHO WERE MORED TO BE HOMOSEXUAL WERE ORRED TO GET MARRIED AND GIVE THE PUBLIC WHAT WANTED: A PERSONA WHO F THE ON-SCREEN IMAGE OF AN ACCEPTABLY "MANLY" MAN OR "FEME" WOMAN. MOST ACTORS ACQUICED, TO ONE GREE OR ANOTHER. WHEN HA TOLD MGM STUD HEAD LOUIS B. MAYER, A SCENE THAT HAS BEE LEGEND, THAT HE WAS ALREADY MARRIED--TO HIS LOVER, JIMMIE SHIELDS--HE FOUND HIMSELF "BOOTED OUT" OF THE MOVIE DTRY.HA'S LIFE BOTH THE MOVI AND AFTERWARD, AS "RATOR TO THE STARS," PROVIS A KEYHOLE THROUGH WHICH WE N GET A VERY TIMATE GLIMPSE OF HOLLYWOOD LIFE, GAY AND STRAIGHT, AS ONCE EXISTED BEHD THE VEIL OF SECRECY. HA KNEW EVERYONE (AND SEEMS TO HAVE HAD AFFAIRS WH MANY OF THEM). THROUGH HIS EY, AS RENSTCTED BY MANN, WE SEE THE CREASGLY HIDN WORLD OF EARLY GAY HOLLYWOOD: THE ACTORS--CARY GRANT AND RANDOLPH STT, CLTTE COLBERT AND MARLENE DIETRICH, GRETA GARBO AND RAMON NOVARRO--AND THE PEOPLE BEHD THE SCEN, SUCH AS DIRECTOR GEE COR AND JET-SETTG POSER COLE PORTER, THE TWO FOL POTS OF GAY MALE HOLLYWOOD SOCIETY THE 1930S AND 40S.THE WILLIAM HA STORY IS ALSO A LOVE STORY, ALTHOUGH S POIGNANCY DO NOT BEE FULLY APPARENT UNTIL VERY LATE HIS BGRAPHY. BOTH HA AND JIMMIE SHIELDS SEEM TO HAVE BEEN REMARKABLY PRIVATE MEN; SPE THE HUNDREDS OF HA QUOTATNS AND REMISCENC BY IENDS THAT MANN HAS DRAWN ON, MOST OF HA' MENTS TO THE WORLD FEEL LIKE "WISECRACKS"--HIS TRAMARK BRAND OF FENSIVE HUMOR--AND 'S HARD TO GET A FEELG THAT WE UNRSTAND THIS MAN'S NER LIFE. EVEN LS RMATN REMAS ABOUT SHIELDS, AND WHAT REMISCENC HIS IENDS DO OFFER SOUND RATHER MORE BOORISH THAN ENARG. (RUMOR HAS THAT HA' TRANGEMENT OM COLE PORTER, FOR STANCE, WAS PRECIPATED BY PORTER'S TCHG JIMMIE UNROLY HAVG SEX WH A SAILOR THE BH DURG ONE OF HIS ELEGANT SOIRE.)THE BGRAPHY OF WILLIAM HA IS A REMARKABLY RICH DOCUMENT OF 50 YEARS OF CHANGG HOLLYWOOD MOR, AND MANN HAS SUCCEED ADMIRABLY HIS STATED GOAL OF SHEDDG LIGHT ON THE TOO-LONG-NEGLECTED WORLD OF EARLY HOLLYWOOD GAY LIFE AND CULTURE. BUT 'S THE OTHER THREADS NNG THROUGH HA' LIFE WHICH GIVE THE BOOK S IMPACT: HA' CHANGG IENDSHIPS, HIS PASSNATE LOVE FOR HIS TERR SIGN BS, HIS TTY TREATMENT BY THE SNDAL PRS AND HIS VOTN TO JIMMIE. THROUGH THAT TIMATE, PERSONAL STORY, MANN IS ABLE TO SUCCSFULLY BRG HOME THE IMPACT OF WHAT STARTED OUT AS HIS BOOK'S CENTRAL NARRATIVE: THE SOCPOLIL STORY OF THE "STUTNALIZATN OF THE HOLLYWOOD STORY OF HOW AN DTRY CHANGED, HOW A MUNY OF ARTISTS AND EE THKERS TURNED S BACK ON S OWN THE FACE OF ANIZED, TRADNALIST PRSURE." BUT 'S THE PERSONAL TAILS THAT H HOME THIS STORY OF AN ENARG IF IMPERFECT WISECRACKER, ONE WHOSE FEW REMAG IENDS TODAY REMEMBER HIM, ABOVE ALL ELSE, NOT FOR HIS JOK BUT FOR HIS QUIET {FONT-SIZE:16.5PX;LE-HEIGHT:26PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;MARG:1EM TO;} A{LOR:#7B1B18;}WANT TO KEEP UP WH BREAKG NEWS? SUBSCRIBE TO OUR EMAIL {MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;PADDG:20PX 20PX;BORR-TOP:1PX SOLID #CCC;BORR-BOTTOM:1PX SOLID #CCC;MARG:20PX TO;}{DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;MARG:0PX TO;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:425PX){{-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:FLEX-START;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:FLEX-START;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:FLEX-START;ALIGN-EMS:FLEX-START;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG-RIGHT:20PX;FONT:0.85EM/1.5EM 'COLABORATE LIGHT';TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{GRID-LUMN-START:2;GRID-ROW-START:3;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{GRID-ROW-START:4;BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;GRID-LUMN-START:1;GRID-LUMN-END:2;}}{GRID-ROW-START:2;GRID-ROW-END:4;GRID-LUMN-START:3;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{GRID-ROW-START:3;GRID-LUMN-START:1;}}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;}}{MARG:0 TO;OPACY:0.3;MARG-TOP:50PX;} .SPNER{MARG:0 TO;WIDTH:70PX;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;} .SPNER > DIV{WIDTH:18PX;HEIGHT:18PX;BACKGROUND-LOR:#333;BORR-RADI:100%;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;-WEBK-ANIMATN:SK-BOUNCELAY 1.4S FE EASE--OUT BOTH;-WEBK-ANIMATN:SK-BOUNCELAY 1.4S FE EASE--OUT BOTH;ANIMATN:SK-BOUNCELAY 1.4S FE EASE--OUT BOTH;} .SPNER .BOUNCE1{-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.32S;-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.32S;ANIMATN-LAY:-0.32S;} .SPNER .BOUNCE2{-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.16S;-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.16S;ANIMATN-LAY:-0.16S;}@-WEBK-KEYAM SK-BOUNCELAY{ 0%, 80%, 100%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);} 40%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);}}@-WEBK-KEYAM SK-BOUNCELAY{0%,80%,100%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);TRANSFORM:SLE(0);}40%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);TRANSFORM:SLE(1);}}@KEYAM SK-BOUNCELAY{0%,80%,100%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);TRANSFORM:SLE(0);}40%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);TRANSFORM:SLE(1);}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;MAX-WIDTH:100%;BACKGROUND:TRANSPARENT;PADDG:10PX 0PX;} {FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;LOR:#333333;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;FONT-SIZE:0.7EM;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;DISPLAY:BLOCK;} {WIDTH:-WEBK-F-NTENT;WIDTH:-MOZ-F-NTENT;WIDTH:F-NTENT;MARG:0PX TO;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}{MARG-TOP:20PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;MARG-TOP:20PX;}}{GRID-ROW-START:2;GRID-ROW-END:3;GRID-LUMN-START:1;GRID-LUMN-END:2;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{DISPLAY:NONE;}}{DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;WIDTH:TO;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;POSN:-WEBK-STICKY;POSN:STICKY;TOP:70PX;} {DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG:0PX;} > SPAN{WIDTH:35PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR-RADI:50%;} SVG{WIDTH:25PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EMAIL > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PRT > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_LK > SPAN{BACKGROUND-LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_UNTER .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EXPAND{WIDTH:35PX;HEIGHT:35PX;MARG:0PX;PADDG:0PX;BACKGROUND:NONE;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;BORR-RADI:50%;LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PACT{DISPLAY:NONE !IMPORTANT;}{MARG-BOTTOM:24PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:768PX){{DISPLAY:NONE;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;MAX-WIDTH:100%;BACKGROUND:TRANSPARENT;PADDG:10PX 0PX;} {FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;LOR:#333333;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;FONT-SIZE:0.7EM;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;DISPLAY:BLOCK;} {WIDTH:-WEBK-F-NTENT;WIDTH:-MOZ-F-NTENT;WIDTH:F-NTENT;MARG:0PX TO;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}{DISPLAY:NONE;MARG-BOTTOM:24PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:768PX){{DISPLAY:BLOCK;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;MAX-WIDTH:100%;BACKGROUND:TRANSPARENT;PADDG:10PX 0PX;} {FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;LOR:#333333;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;FONT-SIZE:0.7EM;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;DISPLAY:BLOCK;} {WIDTH:-WEBK-F-NTENT;WIDTH:-MOZ-F-NTENT;WIDTH:F-NTENT;MARG:0PX TO;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}{LE-HEIGHT:1.3EM;BACKGROUND:#A50A0E;} .NTAER{MAX-WIDTH:1000PX;MARG:0 TO;} LI{LIST-STYLE:NONE;PADDG:20PX 76PX 0PX;} A{FONT-SIZE:1.5EM;FONT-FAY:'BIG MOORE';} .TABLISHED{FONT-SIZE:10PX;PADDG:0 76PX 5PX;MARG:0;} {MAX-WIDTH:1000PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:20PX 60PX 0PX 60PX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FONT-FAY:'ROBOTO',SANS-SERIF;BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;} .PYRIGHT{PADDG-BOTTOM:20PX;FONT-SIZE:12.4PX;LE-HEIGHT:18.72PX;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:600PX){ LI{PADDG:20PX 60PX 0PX;} {-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;PADDG:0PX 60PX 0PX 60PX;}} {MARG:TO;DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;MARG-BOTTOM:10PX;MAX-WIDTH:200PX;} SVG{HEIGHT:31PX;WIDTH:100%;} {-WEBK-FLEX:1 1 0;-MS-FLEX:1 1 0;FLEX:1 1 0;} A{LOR:WHE;} H1{LOR:WHE;} {BACKGROUND:#790B0B;} A{LOR:WHE;} .TABLISHED{LOR:WHE;} .PYRIGHT{LOR:WHE;}THE HARVARD CRIMSONTHE UNIVERSY DAILY, EST. {HEIGHT:-WEBK-M-NTENT;HEIGHT:-MOZ-M-NTENT;HEIGHT:M-NTENT;-WEBK-BOX-FLEX:1;-WEBK-FLEX-GROW:1;-MS-FLEX-POSIVE:1;FLEX-GROW:1;-WEBK-FLEX-BASIS:150PX;-MS-FLEX-PREFERRED-SIZE:150PX;FLEX-BASIS:150PX;MARG-BOTTOM:50PX;} H1{FONT-FAY:LATO;FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;FONT-WEIGHT:800;FONT-SIZE:13PX;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;LE-HEIGHT:0.95EM;MARG:0;PADDG-LEFT:16PX;PADDG-BOTTOM:5PX;PADDG-TOP:4PX;} UL{LIST-STYLE:NONE;PADDG:0;MARG:0;FONT-WEIGHT:300;} UL A{FONT-FAY:LATO;FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;FONT-WEIGHT:300;FONT-SIZE:14PX;LE-HEIGHT:20PX;} UL LI{PADDG:3PX 0;PADDG-LEFT:16PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:600PX){{TEXT-ALIGN:LEFT;-WEBK-FLEX-BASIS:0PX;-MS-FLEX-PREFERRED-SIZE:0PX;FLEX-BASIS:0PX;BORR-BOTTOM:1PX SOLID WHE;PADDG-TOP:15PX;PADDG-BOTTOM:15PX;MARG-BOTTOM:10PX;} H1{PADDG-LEFT:0;FONT-SIZE:15PX;CURSOR:POTER;} UL LI{PADDG-LEFT:0;}(:FIRST-OF-TYPE){BORR-LEFT:NONE;} {MAX-HEIGHT:0;OVERFLOW:HIDN;-WEBK-TRANSN:MAX-HEIGHT 0.2S EASE-OUT;TRANSN:MAX-HEIGHT 0.2S EASE-OUT;}}SECTNS
• HOW GAY CULTURE BLOSSOMED DURG THE ROARG TWENTI
• WHAT MALE ACTORS WERE GAY THE 1940S AND 50S?
• THE PANSY CRAZE: WHEN GAY NIGHTLIFE LOS ANGEL REALLY KICKED OFF

GAY HOLLYWOOD THE 1930S

The gay subculture of early Hollywood has gaed more attentn recently thanks to the Netflix seri Hollywood. Knowg as much as we do about some LGBT stars is a feat nsirg how much rewrg and verg up the Hollywood stud heads did to everyone they managed, whether gay or straight. In his own words, he felt “pafully isolated, strand between the sual homophobia of most ‘normal’ people and the flagrantly gay Hollywood subculture – where [he] was even ls fortable and ls accepted.

GAY HOLLYWOOD: 45 OUT AND PROUD LGBT STARS (PHOTOS)

Five years before Hunter beme a star, he was arrted along wh several other men for “lewdns, ” a mon charge for men showg any signs of homosexualy public.

B OF GAY ACTOR GIV RICH PORTRA OF '20S {FONT-SIZE:20PX;LOR:#999;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;MARG:0PX;MARG-TOP:10PX;}WISECRACKER: THE LIFE AND TIMES OF WILLIAM HAINES, HOLLYWOOD'S FIRST OPENLY GAY STAR BY WILLIAM J. MANN 444 PP., $29.95 {GRID-ROW-START:2;GRID-LUMN-START:2;GRID-LUMN-END:3;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{GRID-LUMN-START:1;GRID-LUMN-END:2;}}{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;MARG-BOTTOM:5PX;} A{LOR:#7B1B18;} IMG{PADDG-RIGHT:7PX;}BY {LOR:#BA0600;}SANNAH R. MANL, CRIMSON STAFF {BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;}{DISPLAY:NONE;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;DISPLAY:BLOCK;PADDG-TOP:20PX;PADDG-BOTTOM:20PX;MARG-TOP:20PX;BORR-TOP:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;BORR-BOTTOM:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;}}{DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;WIDTH:TO;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;POSN:-WEBK-STICKY;POSN:STICKY;TOP:70PX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-WEBK-BOX-PACK:CENTER;-WEBK-JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-PACK:CENTER;JTIFY-NTENT:CENTER;POSN:UNSET;} {DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG:0PX;} > SPAN{WIDTH:35PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR-RADI:50%;} SVG{WIDTH:25PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EMAIL > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PRT > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_LK > SPAN{BACKGROUND-LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_UNTER .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EXPAND{WIDTH:35PX;HEIGHT:35PX;MARG:0PX;PADDG:0PX;BACKGROUND:NONE;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;BORR-RADI:50%;LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PACT{DISPLAY:NONE !IMPORTANT;} {MARG:0PX 5PX;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;} P{MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;FONT:17PX/25PX GEIA,SERIF;MARG-TOP:1EM;MARG-BOTTOM:1EM;} OL{MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;FONT:17PX/25PX GEIA,SERIF;PADDG-LEFT:80PX;} P A, OL A, P A:VISED, OL A:VISED{LOR:#BA0600;-WEBK-TRANSN:0.3S ALL;TRANSN:0.3S ALL;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} P A:HOVER, OL A:HOVER{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6{MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MARG-TOP:1EM;MARG-BOTTOM:1EM;LOR:#7B1B18;}WILLIAM HA WAS NOT A VERY GOOD ACTOR, BUT HE WAS A VERY POPULAR ONE, AND HOLLYWOOD OF THE 1920S THE PRRI WERE THE SAME AS THOSE OF HOLLYWOOD TODAY--'S THE BOX OFFICE THAT UNTS. HA IS ONE OF THE NOW-FOTTEN STARS OF THE SILENT SCREEN: HANDSOME, WTY AND GOOD-NATURED, BETWEEN 1926 AND 1931 HE WAS ONE OF THE BIGGT BOX-OFFICE DRAWS HOLLYWOOD, TOP ON MGM'S ROSTER OF STARS AND ADORED BY WOMEN FILM FANS EVERYWHERE. SPECIALIZG PLAYG THE ROLE OF THE "WISECRACKER," A JOKG, LIKABLE TRICKSTER HERO WHO STARTS OUT A B OF A LOUT BUT ALWAYS LEARN HIS LSON BY THE END OF THE FILM, HA MA HIS ON-SCREEN NAME AS A ROMANTIC HERO AND HIS OFF-SCREEN REPUTATN AS ONE OF THE MOST OUTGOG, CHARISMATIC AND POPULAR FIGUR HOLLYWOOD.HA WAS ALSO GAY, AND HE SET A TREND HOLLYWOOD BY LIVG OPENLY WH HIS LOVER, JIMMIE SHIELDS. WHEN THE POLIL WATERS CHANGED AROUND THE EARLY 1930S, HA REFED TO PLAY THE STUD "GAME"--TO REPUDIATE JIMMIE, TO ENTER TO A SHAM MARRIAGE AS SO MANY OTHER ACTORS DID, TO PRETEND TO BE WHAT HE WASN'T. AND IS THIS THAT PRECIPATED HIS EARLY EX OM THE MOVI, AROUND 1934. NOW THE BGRAPHER AND JOURNALIST WILLIAM J. MANN, FASCATED BY HA'S LORFUL RISE AND FALL THE FILM WORLD AND HIS UNIQUE REFAL TO VE TO THE STUD MANDS, HAS SHAPED AROUND HIS LIFE AN TRIGUG EXPLORATN OF FIFTY YEARS OF SHIFTG TSELTOWN MOR.MANN, TAKG AN AFFECTNATE BUT REFULLY CRIL VIEW OF THE HERO OF HIS BOOK, TRAC HA'S LIFE THROUGH S MULTIPLE METAMORPHOS. ONE OF THE BOOK'S CENTRAL REVELATNS IS THAT HOLLYWOOD THE 1920S WAS A PLACE WHERE WAS POSSIBLE TO BE OPENLY GAY. HOMOSEXUALY WAS SIMPLY ACCEPTED; GAY AND STRAIGHT PEOPLE MGLED SOCIALLY AS WELL AS PROFSNALLY, AND THERE WAS A LE DIVIDG THE ON-SCREEN PERSONA OF AN ACTOR OM HIS PRIVATE LIFE. BUT WH THE ADVENT OF SOUND AND THE NSERVATIVE REACTNISM OF THE 1930S WHICH ACPANIED THE START OF THE GREAT DEPRSN, A CRACKDOWN ENSUED ON BOTH THE NTENT OF THE FILMS AND THE PRIVATE LIV OF THEIR STARS.MANN SHOWS BOTH THE LONG-TERM EFFECT OF THE FORC UPON THE MOVI--THE FAMO HAYS MORALY , WHICH NSTRAED THE MOVI TO REPRENTG A RIGIDLY FED VALUE SYSTEM WHOSE IRON GRIP DID NOT BEG TO LOOSEN UNTIL THE 1960S AND '70S--AND THE VERY PERSONAL IMPACT UPON THE ACTORS HOLLYWOOD. THE STUDS CLARED THAT BEG GAY WAS NO LONGER OKAY HOLLYWOOD, THEREBY AVOIDG THE HARSH CRICISM OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH AND OTHER RELIG GROUPS, AND PROVIDG SP NTROL ON THE GOSSIP NEWSPAPERS THAT WERE RAPIDLY TAKG ON AN ALARMG PENNCE. ACTORS WHO WERE MORED TO BE HOMOSEXUAL WERE ORRED TO GET MARRIED AND GIVE THE PUBLIC WHAT WANTED: A PERSONA WHO F THE ON-SCREEN IMAGE OF AN ACCEPTABLY "MANLY" MAN OR "FEME" WOMAN. MOST ACTORS ACQUICED, TO ONE GREE OR ANOTHER. WHEN HA TOLD MGM STUD HEAD LOUIS B. MAYER, A SCENE THAT HAS BEE LEGEND, THAT HE WAS ALREADY MARRIED--TO HIS LOVER, JIMMIE SHIELDS--HE FOUND HIMSELF "BOOTED OUT" OF THE MOVIE DTRY.HA'S LIFE BOTH THE MOVI AND AFTERWARD, AS "RATOR TO THE STARS," PROVIS A KEYHOLE THROUGH WHICH WE N GET A VERY TIMATE GLIMPSE OF HOLLYWOOD LIFE, GAY AND STRAIGHT, AS ONCE EXISTED BEHD THE VEIL OF SECRECY. HA KNEW EVERYONE (AND SEEMS TO HAVE HAD AFFAIRS WH MANY OF THEM). THROUGH HIS EY, AS RENSTCTED BY MANN, WE SEE THE CREASGLY HIDN WORLD OF EARLY GAY HOLLYWOOD: THE ACTORS--CARY GRANT AND RANDOLPH STT, CLTTE COLBERT AND MARLENE DIETRICH, GRETA GARBO AND RAMON NOVARRO--AND THE PEOPLE BEHD THE SCEN, SUCH AS DIRECTOR GEE COR AND JET-SETTG POSER COLE PORTER, THE TWO FOL POTS OF GAY MALE HOLLYWOOD SOCIETY THE 1930S AND 40S.THE WILLIAM HA STORY IS ALSO A LOVE STORY, ALTHOUGH S POIGNANCY DO NOT BEE FULLY APPARENT UNTIL VERY LATE HIS BGRAPHY. BOTH HA AND JIMMIE SHIELDS SEEM TO HAVE BEEN REMARKABLY PRIVATE MEN; SPE THE HUNDREDS OF HA QUOTATNS AND REMISCENC BY IENDS THAT MANN HAS DRAWN ON, MOST OF HA' MENTS TO THE WORLD FEEL LIKE "WISECRACKS"--HIS TRAMARK BRAND OF FENSIVE HUMOR--AND 'S HARD TO GET A FEELG THAT WE UNRSTAND THIS MAN'S NER LIFE. EVEN LS RMATN REMAS ABOUT SHIELDS, AND WHAT REMISCENC HIS IENDS DO OFFER SOUND RATHER MORE BOORISH THAN ENARG. (RUMOR HAS THAT HA' TRANGEMENT OM COLE PORTER, FOR STANCE, WAS PRECIPATED BY PORTER'S TCHG JIMMIE UNROLY HAVG SEX WH A SAILOR THE BH DURG ONE OF HIS ELEGANT SOIRE.)THE BGRAPHY OF WILLIAM HA IS A REMARKABLY RICH DOCUMENT OF 50 YEARS OF CHANGG HOLLYWOOD MOR, AND MANN HAS SUCCEED ADMIRABLY HIS STATED GOAL OF SHEDDG LIGHT ON THE TOO-LONG-NEGLECTED WORLD OF EARLY HOLLYWOOD GAY LIFE AND CULTURE. BUT 'S THE OTHER THREADS NNG THROUGH HA' LIFE WHICH GIVE THE BOOK S IMPACT: HA' CHANGG IENDSHIPS, HIS PASSNATE LOVE FOR HIS TERR SIGN BS, HIS TTY TREATMENT BY THE SNDAL PRS AND HIS VOTN TO JIMMIE. THROUGH THAT TIMATE, PERSONAL STORY, MANN IS ABLE TO SUCCSFULLY BRG HOME THE IMPACT OF WHAT STARTED OUT AS HIS BOOK'S CENTRAL NARRATIVE: THE SOCPOLIL STORY OF THE "STUTNALIZATN OF THE HOLLYWOOD STORY OF HOW AN DTRY CHANGED, HOW A MUNY OF ARTISTS AND EE THKERS TURNED S BACK ON S OWN THE FACE OF ANIZED, TRADNALIST PRSURE." BUT 'S THE PERSONAL TAILS THAT H HOME THIS STORY OF AN ENARG IF IMPERFECT WISECRACKER, ONE WHOSE FEW REMAG IENDS TODAY REMEMBER HIM, ABOVE ALL ELSE, NOT FOR HIS JOK BUT FOR HIS QUIET {FONT-SIZE:16.5PX;LE-HEIGHT:26PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;MARG:1EM TO;} A{LOR:#7B1B18;}WANT TO KEEP UP WH BREAKG NEWS? SUBSCRIBE TO OUR EMAIL {MAX-WIDTH:600PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:0PX 20PX;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;PADDG:20PX 20PX;BORR-TOP:1PX SOLID #CCC;BORR-BOTTOM:1PX SOLID #CCC;MARG:20PX TO;}{DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;MARG:0PX TO;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:425PX){{-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:FLEX-START;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:FLEX-START;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:FLEX-START;ALIGN-EMS:FLEX-START;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG-RIGHT:20PX;FONT:0.85EM/1.5EM 'COLABORATE LIGHT';TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{GRID-LUMN-START:2;GRID-ROW-START:3;BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{GRID-ROW-START:4;BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;GRID-LUMN-START:1;GRID-LUMN-END:2;}}{GRID-ROW-START:2;GRID-ROW-END:4;GRID-LUMN-START:3;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{GRID-ROW-START:3;GRID-LUMN-START:1;}}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;}}{MARG:0 TO;OPACY:0.3;MARG-TOP:50PX;} .SPNER{MARG:0 TO;WIDTH:70PX;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;} .SPNER > DIV{WIDTH:18PX;HEIGHT:18PX;BACKGROUND-LOR:#333;BORR-RADI:100%;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;-WEBK-ANIMATN:SK-BOUNCELAY 1.4S FE EASE--OUT BOTH;-WEBK-ANIMATN:SK-BOUNCELAY 1.4S FE EASE--OUT BOTH;ANIMATN:SK-BOUNCELAY 1.4S FE EASE--OUT BOTH;} .SPNER .BOUNCE1{-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.32S;-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.32S;ANIMATN-LAY:-0.32S;} .SPNER .BOUNCE2{-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.16S;-WEBK-ANIMATN-LAY:-0.16S;ANIMATN-LAY:-0.16S;}@-WEBK-KEYAM SK-BOUNCELAY{ 0%, 80%, 100%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);} 40%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);}}@-WEBK-KEYAM SK-BOUNCELAY{0%,80%,100%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);TRANSFORM:SLE(0);}40%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);TRANSFORM:SLE(1);}}@KEYAM SK-BOUNCELAY{0%,80%,100%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(0);TRANSFORM:SLE(0);}40%{-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-WEBK-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);-MS-TRANSFORM:SLE(1);TRANSFORM:SLE(1);}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;MAX-WIDTH:100%;BACKGROUND:TRANSPARENT;PADDG:10PX 0PX;} {FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;LOR:#333333;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;FONT-SIZE:0.7EM;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;DISPLAY:BLOCK;} {WIDTH:-WEBK-F-NTENT;WIDTH:-MOZ-F-NTENT;WIDTH:F-NTENT;MARG:0PX TO;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}{MARG-TOP:20PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{BOX-SIZG:NTENT-BOX;MAX-WIDTH:600PX;PADDG:0PX 20PX;MARG:0PX TO;MARG-TOP:20PX;}}{GRID-ROW-START:2;GRID-ROW-END:3;GRID-LUMN-START:1;GRID-LUMN-END:2;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:950PX){{DISPLAY:NONE;}}{DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;WIDTH:TO;-WEBK-ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;-WEBK-BOX-ALIGN:CENTER;-MS-FLEX-ALIGN:CENTER;ALIGN-EMS:CENTER;POSN:-WEBK-STICKY;POSN:STICKY;TOP:70PX;} {DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG:0PX;} > SPAN{WIDTH:35PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR-RADI:50%;} SVG{WIDTH:25PX !IMPORTANT;HEIGHT:35PX !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EMAIL > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PRT > SPAN, .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_LK > SPAN{BACKGROUND-LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_UNTER .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_EXPAND{WIDTH:35PX;HEIGHT:35PX;MARG:0PX;PADDG:0PX;BACKGROUND:NONE;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;BORR:1PX SOLID #EBEBEB;BORR-RADI:50%;LOR:#EBEBEB !IMPORTANT;} .ADDTHIS_BUTTON_PACT{DISPLAY:NONE !IMPORTANT;}{MARG-BOTTOM:24PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:768PX){{DISPLAY:NONE;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;MAX-WIDTH:100%;BACKGROUND:TRANSPARENT;PADDG:10PX 0PX;} {FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;LOR:#333333;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;FONT-SIZE:0.7EM;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;DISPLAY:BLOCK;} {WIDTH:-WEBK-F-NTENT;WIDTH:-MOZ-F-NTENT;WIDTH:F-NTENT;MARG:0PX TO;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}{DISPLAY:NONE;MARG-BOTTOM:24PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:768PX){{DISPLAY:BLOCK;}}{DISPLAY:BLOCK;MARG:0PX TO;WIDTH:100%;MAX-WIDTH:100%;BACKGROUND:TRANSPARENT;PADDG:10PX 0PX;} {FONT-FAY:'COLABORATE LIGHT','LUCIDA SANS UNI',SANS-SERIF;LOR:#333333;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;FONT-SIZE:0.7EM;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;DISPLAY:BLOCK;} {WIDTH:-WEBK-F-NTENT;WIDTH:-MOZ-F-NTENT;WIDTH:F-NTENT;MARG:0PX TO;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}{LE-HEIGHT:1.3EM;BACKGROUND:#A50A0E;} .NTAER{MAX-WIDTH:1000PX;MARG:0 TO;} LI{LIST-STYLE:NONE;PADDG:20PX 76PX 0PX;} A{FONT-SIZE:1.5EM;FONT-FAY:'BIG MOORE';} .TABLISHED{FONT-SIZE:10PX;PADDG:0 76PX 5PX;MARG:0;} {MAX-WIDTH:1000PX;MARG:0PX TO;PADDG:20PX 60PX 0PX 60PX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FLEX-DIRECTN:ROW;FONT-FAY:'ROBOTO',SANS-SERIF;BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;} .PYRIGHT{PADDG-BOTTOM:20PX;FONT-SIZE:12.4PX;LE-HEIGHT:18.72PX;TEXT-ALIGN:CENTER;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:600PX){ LI{PADDG:20PX 60PX 0PX;} {-WEBK-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;-MS-FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;FLEX-DIRECTN:LUMN;PADDG:0PX 60PX 0PX 60PX;}} {MARG:TO;DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;MARG-BOTTOM:10PX;MAX-WIDTH:200PX;} SVG{HEIGHT:31PX;WIDTH:100%;} {-WEBK-FLEX:1 1 0;-MS-FLEX:1 1 0;FLEX:1 1 0;} A{LOR:WHE;} H1{LOR:WHE;} {BACKGROUND:#790B0B;} A{LOR:WHE;} .TABLISHED{LOR:WHE;} .PYRIGHT{LOR:WHE;}THE HARVARD CRIMSONTHE UNIVERSY DAILY, EST. {HEIGHT:-WEBK-M-NTENT;HEIGHT:-MOZ-M-NTENT;HEIGHT:M-NTENT;-WEBK-BOX-FLEX:1;-WEBK-FLEX-GROW:1;-MS-FLEX-POSIVE:1;FLEX-GROW:1;-WEBK-FLEX-BASIS:150PX;-MS-FLEX-PREFERRED-SIZE:150PX;FLEX-BASIS:150PX;MARG-BOTTOM:50PX;} H1{FONT-FAY:LATO;FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;FONT-WEIGHT:800;FONT-SIZE:13PX;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;LE-HEIGHT:0.95EM;MARG:0;PADDG-LEFT:16PX;PADDG-BOTTOM:5PX;PADDG-TOP:4PX;} UL{LIST-STYLE:NONE;PADDG:0;MARG:0;FONT-WEIGHT:300;} UL A{FONT-FAY:LATO;FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;FONT-WEIGHT:300;FONT-SIZE:14PX;LE-HEIGHT:20PX;} UL LI{PADDG:3PX 0;PADDG-LEFT:16PX;}@MEDIA (MAX-WIDTH:600PX){{TEXT-ALIGN:LEFT;-WEBK-FLEX-BASIS:0PX;-MS-FLEX-PREFERRED-SIZE:0PX;FLEX-BASIS:0PX;BORR-BOTTOM:1PX SOLID WHE;PADDG-TOP:15PX;PADDG-BOTTOM:15PX;MARG-BOTTOM:10PX;} H1{PADDG-LEFT:0;FONT-SIZE:15PX;CURSOR:POTER;} UL LI{PADDG-LEFT:0;}(:FIRST-OF-TYPE){BORR-LEFT:NONE;} {MAX-HEIGHT:0;OVERFLOW:HIDN;-WEBK-TRANSN:MAX-HEIGHT 0.2S EASE-OUT;TRANSN:MAX-HEIGHT 0.2S EASE-OUT;}}SECTNS

No one wanted to believe that Ameri’s goln boy uld be a gay man. Cor’s mansn, rated by gay former actor William Ha, beme the center of LGBT society Hollywood.

HOW GAY CULTURE BLOSSOMED DURG THE ROARG TWENTI

It was a well-known fact that Cor was gay, even though he never publicly spoke about . Cor may have never been able to explicly talk about his sexualy, but he helped solidify the gay muny Hollywood.

WHAT MALE ACTORS WERE GAY THE 1940S AND 50S?

He also stggled to accept his homosexualy thanks to his strict Roman Catholic upbrgg. Kelly is one of the very few women to explicly talk about her homosexualy durg her reer om the 1930s to the 1940s.

Incintally, the film is noted for s untentnal homoerotic unrton. Clift never publicly talked about , but close iend Elizabeth Taylor admted he was gay at the 2000 GLAAD Media Awards.

THE PANSY CRAZE: WHEN GAY NIGHTLIFE LOS ANGEL REALLY KICKED OFF

The two acted three movi together, cludg Sudnly, Last Summer, which had Clift play a gay man.

In 1939 he married Osr-wng actrs Ja Gaynor, to whom he remaed wed until his ath 1959. Rumors about both Adrian and Gaynor’s sexualy have been hard to prove.