The Out and Proud Project seeks to improve the legislative ameworks and non-discrimatory environment for Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr and Intersex persons Southern Ai.
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U.S. EMBASSY ZIMBABWE MENU EMERGENCY ASSISTANCE ALERTS FOR U.S. CIZENS U.S. VISAS U.S. PASSPORTS U.S. CIZEN SERVIC NOTARIALS NEWS & EVENTS JOB OPPORTUNI BS EDUTN & EXCHANG CONTACT SEARCH×SEARCH COUNTRY/AREA AFGHANISTANALBANIAALGERIAANGOLAARGENTAARMENIAATRALIAATRIAAZERBAIJANBAHAMASBAHRABANGLASHBARBADOSBELASBELGIUMBELIZEBENBERMUDABOLIVIABOSNIA & HERZEABOTSWANABRAZILBNEIBULGARIABURKA FASOBURMABUNDICABO VERCAMBODIACAMEROONCANADACENTRAL AIN REPUBLICCHADCHILECHACOLOMBIACOMOROSCOSTA RICôTE D’IVOIRECROATIACUBACURAOCYPSCZECH REPUBLICDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGODENMARKDJIBOUTIDOMIN REPUBLICECUADOREGYPTEL SALVADOREQUATORIAL GUEAERREAESTONIAESWATIETHPIAFIJIFLANDFRANCEGABONGEIAGERMANYGHANAGREECEGUATEMALAGUEAU.S. VIRTUAL PRENCE GUEA-BISSGUYANATHE GAMBIAHAIHONDURASHONG KONG AND MAUHUNGARYICELANDINDIAINDONIAIRANIRAQIRELANDISRAELITALYJAMAIJAPANJORDANKAZAKHSTANKENYAKOREAKOSOVOKUWAKYRGYZ REPUBLICLAOSLATVIALEBANONLOTHOLIBERIALIBYALHUANIALUXEMBOURGMADAGASRMALAWIMALAYSIAMALDIVMALIMALTAMARSHALL ISLANDSMRANIAMRIMEXIMICRONIAMOLDOVAMONGOLIAMONTENEGROMOROCMOZAMBIQUENAMIBIANEPALNETHERLANDSNEW ZEALANDNIRAGUANIGERNIGERIANORTH MACEDONIANORWAYOMANPAKISTANPALPALTIAN TERRORIPANAMAPAPUA NEW GUEAPARAGUAYPEPHILIPPPOLANDPORTUGALQATARREPUBLIC OF CONGOROMANIARSIARWANDASAMOASAN MAROSDI ARABIASENEGALSERBIASIERRA LEONESGAPORESLOVAKIASLOVENIASOLOMON ISLANDSSOMALIASOUTH AISOUTH SUDANSPASRI LANKASUDANSURAMESWENSWZERLANDSYRIAAMERIN INSTUTE TAIWANTAJIKISTANTANZANIATHAILANDTIMOR-LTETOGOTONGATRIDAD & TOBAGOTUNISIATüRKIYETURKMENISTANUGANDAUKRAEUNED ARAB EMIRATUNED KGDOMUGUAYUZBEKISTANVANUATUVENEZUELAVIETNAMYEMENZAMBIAZIMBABWEU.S. MISSN TO ASEANU.S. MISSN TO THE AIN UNNU.S. MISSN TO THE EUHOLY SEEU.S. MISSN TO THE ICAOU.S. MISSN TO NATOU.S. MISSN TO OSCEU.S. MISSN TO THE OASU.S. MISSN TO THE OECDU.S. MISSN TO THE UN-GENEVAU.S. MISSN TO THE UN-ROMEU.S. MISSN TO THE UNED NATNSU.S. MISSN TO INTERNATNAL ORGANIZATNS VIENNA EMERGENCY INFORMATN FOR AMERIN CIZENSWORLDWIDE CAUTION NOTICEPREVNEXT EMERGENCY ASSISTANCELOL EMERGENCY INFORMATN AND CONTACTS ALERTS FOR U.S. CIZENSREAD ALERTS FOR U.S. CIZENS VIS FOR MORE INFORMATN WORLDWIDE CAUTION NOTICEON JULY 31, 2022, THE UNED STAT NDUCTED A PRECISN UNTERTERRORISM STRIKE AFGHANISTAN THAT KILLED AYMAN AL-ZAWAHIRI, OSAMA B LAN’S PUTY AND SUCCSOR AS LEAR OF AL-QA’IDA. PREVNEXT 2020 HUMAN RIGHTS REPORT: ZIMBABWE BY U.S. EMBASSY ZIMBABWE 103 MINUTE READMARCH 31, 2021 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ANNOUNCEMENT: THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE WILL RELEASE AN ADNDUM TO THIS REPORT MID 2021 THAT EXPANDS THE SUBSECTN ON WOMEN SECTN 6 TO CLU A BROAR RANGE OF ISSU RELATED TO REPRODUCTIVE RIGHTS. ZIMBABWE IS NSTUTNALLY A REPUBLIC. THE UNTRY ELECTED EMMERSON MNANGAGWA PRINT FOR A FIVE-YEAR TERM 2018 GENERAL ELECTNS. DPE CREMENTAL IMPROVEMENTS OM PAST ELECTNS, DOMTIC AND TERNATNAL OBSERVERS NOTED SER NCERNS AND LLED FOR FURTHER REFORMS NECSARY TO MEET REGNAL AND TERNATNAL STANDARDS FOR MOCRATIC ELECTNS. NUMERO FACTORS NTRIBUTED TO A FLAWED OVERALL ELECTN PROCS, CLUDG: THE ZIMBABWE ELECTN COMMISSN’S LACK OF PENNCE; HEAVILY BIASED STATE MEDIA FAVORG THE LG PARTY; VOTER TIMIDATN; UNNSTUTNAL FLUENCE OF TRIBAL LEARS; DISENANCHISEMENT OF ALIEN AND DIASPORA VOTERS; FAILURE TO PROVI A PRELIMARY VOTERS ROLL ELECTRONIC FORMAT; POLICIZATN OF FOOD AID; SECURY SERVIC’ EXCSIVE E OF FORCE; AND LACK OF PRECISN AND TRANSPARENCY AROUND THE RELEASE OF ELECTN RULTS. THE ELECTN RULTED THE FORMATN OF A ERNMENT LED BY THE LG ZIMBABWE AIN NATNAL UNN-PATRTIC FRONT PARTY WH A SUPERMAJORY THE NATNAL ASSEMBLY BUT NOT THE SENATE. THE ZIMBABWE REPUBLIC POLICE MATA TERNAL SECURY. THE DEPARTMENT OF IMMIGRATN AND POLICE, BOTH UNR THE MISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, ARE PRIMARILY RPONSIBLE FOR MIGRATN AND BORR ENFORCEMENT. ALTHOUGH POLICE ARE OFFICIALLY UNR THE THORY OF THE MISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS, THE OFFICE OF THE PRINT DIRECTED SOME POLICE ROL AND MISSNS RPONSE TO CIVIL UNRT. THE ARY IS RPONSIBLE FOR EXTERNAL SECURY BUT ALSO HAS SOME DOMTIC SECURY RPONSIBILI. THE ZIMBABWE NATNAL ARMY AND AIR FORCE NSTUTE THE ZIMBABWE DEFENSE FORC AND REPORT TO THE MISTER OF FENSE. THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE ORGANIZATN, UNR THE OFFICE OF THE PRINT, ENGAG BOTH TERNAL AND EXTERNAL SECURY MATTERS. CIVILIAN THORI AT TIM DID NOT MATA EFFECTIVE NTROL OVER THE SECURY FORC. MEMBERS OF THE SECURY FORC MTED NUMERO AB. SIGNIFINT HUMAN RIGHTS ISSU CLUD: UNLAWFUL OR ARBRARY KILLGS OF CIVILIANS BY SECURY FORC; TORTURE AND ARBRARY TENTN BY SECURY FORC; S OF CEL, HUMAN, OR GRADG TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT; HARSH AND LIFE-THREATENG PRISON NDNS; POLIL PRISONERS OR TAE; ARBRARY OR UNLAWFUL TERFERENCE WH PRIVACY; SER PROBLEMS WH THE PENNCE OF THE JUDICIARY; SER ERNMENT RTRICTNS ON EE EXPRSN, PRS, AND THE TER, CLUDG VLENCE, THREATS OF VLENCE, OR UNJTIFIED ARRTS OR PROSECUTNS AGAST JOURNALISTS, CENSORSHIP, SE BLOCKG, AND THE EXISTENCE OF CRIMAL LIBEL LAWS; SUBSTANTIAL TERFERENCE WH THE RIGHTS OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AND EEDOM OF ASSOCIATN; RTRICTNS ON EEDOM OF MOVEMENT; RTRICTNS ON POLIL PARTICIPATN; WISPREAD ACTS OF RPTN; LACK OF VTIGATN OF AND ACUNTABILY FOR VLENCE AGAST WOMEN; CRIM VOLVG VLENCE OR THREATS OF VLENCE TARGETG WOMEN AND GIRLS, AND THE EXISTENCE OF LAWS CRIMALIZG NSENSUAL SAME-SEX SEXUAL NDUCT BETWEEN ADULTS, ALTHOUGH NOT ENFORCED. IMPUNY REMAED A PROBLEM. THE ERNMENT TOOK VERY FEW STEPS TO INTIFY OR VTIGATE OFFICIALS WHO MTED HUMAN RIGHTS AB, AND THERE WERE NO REPORTED ARRTS OR PROSECUTNS OF SUCH PERSONS. SECTN 1. RPECT FOR THE INTEGRY OF THE PERSON, INCLUDG FREEDOM OM: A. ARBITRARY DEPRIVATION OF LIFE AND OTHER UNLAWFUL OR POLITICALLY MOTIVATED KILLINGS THERE WERE SEVERAL REPORTS THAT THE ERNMENT OR S AGENTS MTED ARBRARY OR UNLAWFUL KILLGS. IN AUGT THE NONERNMENTAL ANIZATN (NGO) ZIMRIGHTS SPECTED MEMBERS OF THE SECURY FORC THE EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLG OF MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC CHANGE-ALLIANCE UNCILOR LAVENR CHIWAYA. POLICE LED THERE WAS NO FOUL PLAY. IN SEPTEMBER THE ZIMBABWE REPUBLIC POLICE REPORTED KILLG TWO MEN THEY CLAIMED SHOT TWO MEMBERS OF THE SECURY FORC, KILLG ONE AND JURG THE SEND. SECURY OFFICIALS CLAIMED THEY TRACKED THE TWO MEN AND KILLED THEM A SHOOTOUT WHEN THEY RISTED ARRT. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS PRAISED SECURY FORC’ “SWIFT RPONSE,” WHILE HUMAN RIGHTS ANIZATNS, SUCH AS ZIMRIGHTS, QUTNED SECURY FORC’ VERSN OF EVENTS AND LLED THE CINT AN EXTRAJUDICIAL KILLG. IMPUNY FOR POLILLY MOTIVATED VLENCE REMAED A PROBLEM. THE ERNMENT DID NOT TABLISH AN PENNT PLATS MECHANISM TO VTIGATE ALLEGATNS OF SECURY FORCE MISNDUCT AS LLED FOR THE NSTUTN. INVTIGATNS NTUED TO VLENCE OM PREV YEARS, CLUDG STATE-SPONSORED VLENCE, THAT RULTED THE ATHS OF 17 CIVILIANS JANUARY-FEBARY 2019 AND SEVEN DURG POSTELECTN VLENCE 2018. AS OF YEAR’S END, THERE WERE NO ARRTS OR CHARG THE S. B. DISAPPEARANCE THERE WERE NO NEW REPORTS OF LONG-TERM DISAPPEARANC BY OR ON BEHALF OF ERNMENT THORI. IN 2018 THE HIGH COURT ORRED THE ERNMENT TO PROVI UPDAT ON THE 2015 DISAPPEARANCE OF MOCRACY ACTIVIST ITAI DZAMARA, BUT OFFICIALS FAILED TO DO SO, WHOUT NSEQUENCE. THERE WERE NO REPORTS OF THORI PUNISHG ANY PERPETRATORS OF PREV ACTS OF DISAPPEARANCE. C. TORTURE AND OTHER CRUEL, INHUMAN, OR DEGRADING TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT THE NSTUTN PROHIBS TORTURE AND OTHER CEL, HUMAN, OR GRADG TREATMENT OR PUNISHMENT; HOWEVER, THERE WERE REPORTS THAT SECURY FORC ENGAGED SUCH PRACTIC WH IMPUNY AND WH THE IMPLIC SUPPORT OF ERNMENT OFFICIALS. NGOS REPORTED SECURY FORC ABDUCTED, ASSLTED, AND TORTURED CIZENS CTODY, CLUDG TARGETED ASSLT ON AND TORTURE OF CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS, LABOR LEARS, OPPOSN MEMBERS, AND OTHER PERCEIVED OPPONENTS OF THE ERNMENT. THROUGHOUT THE YEAR POLICE ED EXCSIVE FORCE APPREHENDG, TAG, AND TERROGATG CRIMAL SPECTS. IN SOME S POLICE ARRTED AND CHARGED THE VICTIMS OF VLENCE RATHER THAN THE PERPETRATORS AND ACCED ABDUCTN VICTIMS OF FILG FALSE REPORTS. HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS REPORTED ERNMENT AGENTS NTUED TO PERPETRATE PHYSIL AND PSYCHOLOGIL TORTURE ON LABOR LEARS AND OPPOSN PARTY MEMBERS DURG ABDUCTNS. REPORTED TORTURE METHODS CLUD SEXUAL ASSLT; BEATG VICTIMS WH STICKS, CLUBS, BL, GUN BUTTS, AND SJAMBOKS (A HEAVY WHIP); FALANGA (BEATG THE SOL OF THE FEET); FORCED NSUMPTN OF HUMAN EXCREMENT; AND ORAL CHEMIL POISONG, AS WELL AS POURG RROSIVE SUBSTANC ON EXPOSED SK. AS OF NOVEMBER THERE WERE A MIMUM OF FIVE REPORTS OF SHORT-TERM ABDUCTNS AND ASSLTS OR TORTURE ALLEGEDLY PERFORMED BY STATE SECURY ACTORS. THE STANC TYPILLY OCCURRED AT NIGHT, ALTHOUGH SOME HAPPENED BROAD DAYLIGHT. THE ABDUCTORS FORCIBLY REMOVED PERSONS OM THEIR HOM, PARKG LOTS, AND PRS NFERENC AND ASSLTED THEM FOR HOURS BEFORE ABANDONG THEM, UALLY SEVERELY JURED AND NAKED, A REMOTE AREA. NATNAL ASSEMBLY MEMBER JOANA MAMOMBE AND OPPOSN PARTY MEMBERS CECILIA CHIMBIRI AND NETSAI MAROVA REPORTED BEG REMOVED OM POLICE CTODY, THEN ABDUCTED AND TORTURED BY UNKNOWN DIVIDUALS WHOM CREDIBLE SOURC BELIEVED TO BE ERNMENT SECURY AGENTS, AFTER THEY WERE ARRTED AT A PROTT AT A ROADBLOCK ON MAY 13. THE THREE WOMEN STAED SEVERE JURI OM 36 HOURS OF PHYSIL, SEXUAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TORTURE. AFTER THE THREE WOMEN REPORTED THE CRIM TO POLICE, THEY WERE REARRTED AND CHARGED WH MAKG FALSE STATEMENTS TO POLICE AND FOR FAKG THEIR OWN ABDUCTNS. THE SE REMAED PENDG. FROM MARCH TO SEPTEMBER, DURG A ERNMENT-MANDATED LOCKDOWN DUE TO COVID-19, UNIFORMED AND PLACLOTH SOLDIERS AND POLICE OFFICERS SYSTEMATILLY ED CLUBS TO BEAT CIVILIANS THE HARARE CENTRAL BS DISTRICT AND SUBURBS FOR VLATG CURFEWS, FAILURE TO WEAR MASKS, OR FAILURE TO EXERCISE SOCIAL DISTANCE. IMPUNY WAS A SIGNIFINT PROBLEM THE SECURY FORC AND THE CIVILIAN THORI WHO OVERSEE THEM, CLUDG POLICE, ARY, AND TELLIGENCE OFFICERS. TO DATE, NO ONE HAS ANSWERED FOR DISAPPEARANC, CIVILIAN ATHS, RAPE, ABDUCTN, OR TORTURE ALLEGATNS OM THE 1980S TO AS RECENTLY AS NOVEMBER. SECURY FORC WERE FIRMLY UNR THE NTROL OF THE LG PARTY AND WERE OFTEN DIRECTED AGAST THE POLIL OPPOSN. PRISON AND DETENTION CENTER CONDITIONS PRISON NDNS WERE HARSH AND LIFE THREATENG DUE TO OVERCROWDG, FOOD SHORTAG, AND AQUATE SANARY NDNS AND MEDIL RE. THE 2013 NSTUTN ADD PRISONER REHABILATN AND RETEGRATN TO SOCIETY TO ZPCS RPONSIBILI. THE ZPCS PROVID MAT WH OPPORTUNI TO PARTICIPATE SEWG, MECHANICS, WOODWORKG, AND AGRICULTURAL ACTIVI. THE ZPCS ALSO ALLOWED CHURCH AND OTHER ANIZATNS TO TEACH LIFE-SKILLS TRAG. PHYSIL CONDNS: CONDNS PRISONS, JAILS, AND TENTN CENTERS WERE OFTEN HARSH. WHILE SOME PRISONS OPERATED BELOW PACY, NGOS REPORTED THAT MOST WERE OVERCROWD DUE TO OUTDATED ASTCTURE AND JUDICIAL BACKLOGS. THE ZIMBABWE PRISON AND CORRECTNAL SERVIC (ZPCS) DID NOT PROVI AQUATE FOOD, WATER, AND SANARY NDNS AS WELL AS PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) DURG THE GLOBAL PANMIC. THE ZPCS SOMETIM ALLOWED FAH-BASED AND MUNY ANIZATNS TO HELP ADDRS THE PROBLEMS. PRISON GUARDS OCSNALLY BEAT AND ABED PRISONERS, BUT NGOS REPORTED THE E OF EXCSIVE FORCE BY PRISON GUARDS WAS NOT SYSTEMATIC. RELATNS BETWEEN PRISON GUARDS AND PRISONERS IMPROVED DURG THE YEAR AS PART OF A POSIVE TREND NGOS OBSERVED DURG THE PAST SEVERAL YEARS. AS OF YEAR’S END, NO VTIGATN OF THE ATH OF HILTON TAMANGANI OCTOBER 2019 HAD BEGUN. TAMANGANI WAS FOUND AD HIS CELL THE HARARE REMAND PRISON. HIS LAWYERS CLAIMED HE WAS SEVERELY BEATEN BY POLICE AND THEN NIED MEDIL TREATMENT. NGOS REPORTED FEMALE PRISONERS GENERALLY FARED BETTER THAN DID MALE PRISONERS. AUTHORI HELD WOMEN SEPARATE PRISON WGS AND PROVID FEMALE GUARDS. WOMEN GENERALLY RECEIVED MORE FOOD OM THEIR FAI THAN MALE PRISONERS. THE SEVERAL DOZEN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN AGE FOUR LIVG WH THEIR RCERATED MOTHERS SHARED THEIR MOTHERS’ FOOD ALLOTN, RATHER THAN RECEIVG THEIR OWN. NGOS WERE UNAWARE OF FEMALE MAT REPORTG RAP OR OTHER PHYSIL ABE. WH SUPPORT OM NGOS, PRISONS DISTRIBUTED FEME HYGIENE SUPPLI. OFFICIALS DID NOT PROVI PREGNANT WOMEN AND NURSG MOTHERS WH ADDNAL RE OR FOOD RATNS OUT OF THE ZPCS BUDGET, BUT THE ZPCS SOLICED AND RECEIVED DONATNS OM NGOS AND DONORS FOR ADDNAL PROVISNS. THERE WAS ONE JUVENILE PRISON, HOG BOYS ONLY. GIRLS WERE HELD TOGETHER WH WOMEN. AUTHORI ALSO HELD BOYS ADULT PRISONS THROUGHOUT THE UNTRY WHILE REMAND. OFFICIALS GENERALLY TRIED TO PLACE YOUNGER BOYS SEPARATE CELLS, BUT NGOS REPORTED OLR PRISONERS OFTEN PHYSILLY ASSLTED THE YOUNGER BOYS WHEN LEFT TOGETHER. AUTHORI GENERALLY SENT JUVENIL TO PRISON RATHER THAN TO REFORMATORY HOM AS STIPULATED THE LAW, AS THERE WAS ONLY ONE AQUATE REFORMATORY HOME THE UNTRY, LOTED THE HARARE SUBURBS. JUVENIL REMAED VULNERABLE TO ABE BY PRISON OFFICIALS AND OTHER PRISONERS. PRISONERS WH MENTAL HEALTH ISSU WERE OFTEN HELD TOGETHER WH REGULAR PRISONERS UNTIL A DOCTOR WAS AVAILABLE TO MAKE AN ASSSMENT. PSYCHIATRIC SECTNS WERE AVAILABLE AT SOME PRISONS FOR THE DIVIDUALS BUT OFFERED LTLE SPECIALIZED RE. ACRDG TO THE ZPCS, REMAND PRISONS WERE OVERCROWD. AUTHORI OFTEN HELD PRETRIAL TAE WH NVICTED PRISONERS UNTIL THEIR BAIL HEARGS. DUE TO FUEL SHORTAG, THE ZPCS WAS AT TIM UNABLE TO TRANSPORT PRETRIAL TAE TO URT HEARGS, RULTG LAYED TRIALS AND LONGER TENTNS. WHILE AN TIMATED 4,200 PRISONERS WERE RELEASED UNR AN AMNTY PROGRAM MARCH AND APRIL TO ADDRS COVID-19, NGOS AND OTHER NTACTS AS WELL AS SEVERAL NEWS OUTLETS REPORTED SOME REMAND PRISONS HAD 70 PERSONS TO A CELL AUGT. INMAT AT REMAND PRISONS WERE NOT TTED BEFORE ADMTANCE BUT STEAD WERE ONLY TTED WHEN SENT TO NONREMAND PRISONS. ALTHOUGH HURT BY THE ENOMIC DOWNTURN ASSOCIATED WH COVID-19, NGOS HELPED PROVI PRISONERS WH DISFECTANT, PPE, AND RMATN ABOUT THE VIS, BUT DISTRIBUTN CREASED DURG THE YEAR. THE ENOMIC DOWNTURN SHUTTERED SMALL, MUNY-BASED NGOS THAT ONCE SUPPORTED PRISONERS. THE ANIZATNS HAD STEADY STREAMS OF OUTSI AND MUNY-BASED DONATNS BUT SPEND OPERATNS DUE TO A LACK OF FUNDG BEE OF THE UNTRY’S PROTRACTED ENOMIC CRISIS. THE ZPCS IGNORED REQUTS OM MEDIL PERSONNEL TO ISOLATE JOURNALIST HOPEWELL CH’ONO WHEN HE EXHIBED SYMPTOMS OF COVID-19 WHILE RCERATED AUGT (SEE SECTN 2.E., POLIL PRISONERS AND DETAE). ACRDG TO NGOS, FOOD SHORTAG WERE WISPREAD PRISONS BUT NOT LIFE THREATENG. PRISONERS INTIFIED AS MALNOURISHED RECEIVED ADDNAL MEALS. THE HARVT OF PRISON FARM PRODUCTS PROVID MEALS FOR PRISONERS. PROTE WAS SHORT SUPPLY, PARTICULARLY MEAT. PRISONERS’ ACCS TO CLEAN WATER VARIED BY PRISON. NGOS WORKED WH PRISONS TO PROVI ENHANCED WATER-LLECTN SYSTEMS. DIARRHEA WAS PREVALENT MOST PRISONS. DISEAS SUCH AS MEASL, TUBERCULOSIS, AND HIV/AIDS-RELATED ILLNS WERE HIGHT THOSE WH THE POORT NDNS. LIGHTG AND VENTILATN WERE AQUATE. THERE WERE SUFFICIENT MATTRS, BLANKETS, WARM CLOTHG, SANARY SUPPLI, AND HYGIENE PRODUCTS. PRISONERS HAD ACCS TO VERY BASIC MEDIL RE, WH A CLIC AND DOCTOR AT NEARLY EVERY PRISON. IN PARTNERSHIP WH NGOS, THE ZPCS OFFERED PEER TN ON HIV/AIDS. THE ZPCS TTED PRISONERS FOR HIV ONLY WHEN REQUTED BY PRISONERS OR PRISON DOCTORS. DUE TO OUTDATED REGULATNS AND A LACK OF SPECIALIZED MEDIL PERSONNEL AND MEDITNS, PRISONERS SUFFERED OM ROUTE BUT TREATABLE MEDIL NDNS SUCH AS HYPERTENSN, TUBERCULOSIS, DIABET, ASTHMA, AND RPIRATORY DISEAS. THE ZPCS WAS AT TIM UNABLE TO TRANSPORT PRISONERS WH EMERGENCY MEDIL NEEDS TO LOL HOSPALS. ADMISTRATN: THE SPECTNS AND D UN OF THE ZPCS, TEND TO ASSS PRISON NDNS AND IMPROVE MONORG OF PRISONERS’ RIGHTS, DID NOT RELEASE THE RULTS OF S ASSSMENTS. THE ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSN (ZHRC) NDUCTED MONORG VISS WHEN NDNS ALLOWED. THERE WAS NO PRISON OMBUDSMAN. THERE WERE STATUTORY MECHANISMS TO ALLOW ALTERNATIV TO RCERATN FOR NONVLENT OFFENRS, BUT THE NUMBER OF NONVLENT OFFENRS BENEFTG OM THE MECHANISMS WAS UNKNOWN. PRISONERS AND TAE HAD RELATIVELY UNRTRICTED ACCS TO VISORS BEFORE COVID-19, EXCEPT MAXIMUM-SECURY PRISONS, WHERE REMOTENS HAMPERED ACCS BY PRISONERS’ RELATIV. THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN CUT OFF PRISONERS OM MOST PEOPLE AND ANIZATNS. INPENNT MONORG: THE LAW PROVIS TERNATNAL HUMAN RIGHTS MONORS THE RIGHT TO VIS PRISONS. CHURCH GROUPS AND NGOS SEEKG TO PROVI HUMANARIAN ASSISTANCE, CLUDG THE INTERNATNAL COMMTEE OF THE RED CROSS, GAED ACCS. SOME ANIZATNS WORKG PRISONS REPORTED THAT MEETGS WH PRISONERS OCCURRED WHOUT THIRD PARTI PRENT AND WH MIMAL RTRICTNS, BUT SOME POLIL PRISONERS REPORTED NO PRIVACY FOR VISS, EVEN WH THEIR LEGAL REPRENTATIV. MONORG MISSNS WERE EXTREMELY LIMED DURG THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN. ONE NGO REPORTED PRISONER THORI THORIZED A FEW PRISON VISS FOR SPECIAL DONATN MISSNS. D. ARBITRARY ARREST OR DETENTION THE NSTUTN AND LAW PROHIB ARBRARY ARRT AND TENTN, ALTHOUGH OTHER SECTNS OF THE LAW EFFECTIVELY WEAKEN THE PROHIBNS. THE ERNMENT ENFORCED SECURY LAWS NFLICT WH THE NSTUTN. SECURY FORC ARBRARILY ARRTED AND TAED PERSONS, PARTICULARLY POLIL AND CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS, LABOR LEARS, AND JOURNALISTS PERCEIVED AS OPPOSG THE ERNMENT. SECURY FORC EQUENTLY ARRTED LARGE NUMBERS OF PERSONS DURG AND FOLLOWG ANTIERNMENT PROTTS. ARREST PROCEDURES AND TREATMENT OF DETAINEES THE LAW STIPULAT THAT ARRTS REQUIRE A WARRANT ISSUED BY A URT OR SENR POLICE OFFICER AND THAT POLICE RM AN ARRTED PERSON OF THE CHARG BEFORE TAKG THE DIVIDUAL TO CTODY. POLICE DID NOT ALWAYS RPECT THE REQUIREMENTS. A PRELIMARY HEARG MT BE HELD BEFORE A MAGISTRATE WH 48 HOURS OF AN ARRT. THIS WAS NOT FOLLOWED NSISTENTLY. ACRDG TO THE NSTUTN, ONLY A PETENT URT MAY EXTEND THE PERD OF TENTN. THE LAW PROVIS FOR BAIL FOR MOST ACCED PERSONS. THE ERNMENT AMEND THE LAW TO CLU PROVISNS THAT ALLOW PROSECUTORS TO VETO JUDICIAL BAIL CISNS AND KEEP ACCED PERSONS CTODY FOR UP TO SEVEN DAYS, SPE A PRR CONSTUTNAL COURT LG CLARG THIS POWER UNNSTUTNAL. PROSECUTORS RELIED ON THE PROVISNS TO EXTEND THE TENTN OF OPPOSN LEARS, CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS, AND LABOR LEARS, SOME OF WHOM WERE NIED BAIL FOR ALMOST TWO MONTHS. AUTHORI OFTEN DID NOT ALLOW TAE PROMPT OR REGULAR ACCS TO THEIR LAWYERS AND OFTEN RMED LAWYERS WHO ATTEMPTED TO VIS THEIR CLIENTS THAT TAE OR THOSE WH THORY TO GRANT ACCS WERE UNAVAILABLE. THE ERNMENT ALSO MONORED, HARASSED, TIMIDATED, AND ARRTED HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYERS WHEN THEY ATTEMPTED TO GA ACCS TO THEIR CLIENTS. AN DIGENT TAEE MAY APPLY TO THE ERNMENT FOR AN ATTORNEY CRIMAL S, BUT ONLY PAL S. SOME OPPOSN PARTY MEMBERS, CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS, JOURNALISTS, AND ORDARY CIZENS HAD LIMED OR NO ACCS TO THEIR LEGAL UNSEL. IN ONE STANCE A MAGISTRATE ATTEMPTED TO REVOKE PROMENT HUMAN RIGHTS ATTORNEY BEATRICE MTETWA’S LICENSE TO PRACTICE LAW DURG HER FENSE OF A JOURNALIST WHO HAD WRTEN ARTICL EXPOSG ERNMENT RPTN AND MA SOCIAL MEDIA POSTS ENURAGG PEACEFUL PROTTS AGAST RPTN. AS OF NOVEMBER THE MAGISTRATE’S PETN TO REVOKE THE LAW LICENSE REMAED PENDG. ARBRARY ARRT: THE ERNMENT REGULARLY ED ARBRARY ARRT AND TENTN AS TOOLS OF TIMIDATN AND HARASSMENT, PECIALLY AGAST POLIL ACTIVISTS, CIVIL SOCIETY MEMBERS, JOURNALISTS, ATTORNEYS, AND ORDARY CIZENS ASSERTG THEIR RIGHTS. THE ERNMENT SOMETIM ED COVID-19 LOCKDOWN RTRICTNS TO ARRT DIVIDUALS PERCEIVED AS THREATS AGAST THE ERNMENT. POLICE AND MEDIA REPORTED THAT SECURY FORC ARRTED MORE THAN 105,000 POLIL AND CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS, JOURNALISTS, LABOR LEARS, AND ORDARY CIZENS OM MARCH 30 TO SEPTEMBER FOR THEIR ALLEGED VLATN OF COVID-19 LOCKDOWN MEASUR OR ALLEGED VOLVEMENT PLANNED MONSTRATNS HARARE, BULAWAYO, MUTARE, AND OTHER CI. FOR EXAMPLE TWO JOURNALISTS WERE ARRTED MAY FOR VLATG COVID-19 MEASUR DURG THEIR TERVIEWS WH ABDUCTN AND TORTURE VICTIMS. AFTER FOUR MONTHS OF ENDURG STRICT BAIL NDNS, SUCH AS WEEKLY REPORTG TO POLICE STATNS AND SURRENR OF PASSPORTS, THE SE AGAST THE JOURNALISTS WAS DISMISSED SEPTEMBER. POLICE ARRTED MORE THAN 20 DIVIDUALS WHO ANIZED, PROMOTED, OR PARTICIPATED A JULY 31 ANTIRPTN MONSTRATN, CLUDG OPPOSN PARTY TRANSFORM ZIMBABWE PRINT JAB NGARIVHUME, WHO WAS ARRTED AND CHARGED ON JULY 23 WH CG THE PUBLIC TO M VLENCE. AS OF NOVEMBER SEVERAL HUMAN RIGHTS FENRS REMAED HIDG AFTER POLICE ISSUED A LIST OF PERSONS WANTED FOR QUTNG NNECTN WH THE JULY 31 PROTT. AFTER MORE THAN A YEAR OF STRICT BAIL NDNS, CLUDG WEEKLY REPORTG TO POLICE STATNS AND SURRENR OF PASSPORTS, THE ERNMENT DISMISSED THE S OF SEVEN CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS CHARGED WH SUBVERSN 2019. THE LAW ABSOLV DIVIDUAL SECURY AGENTS OM CRIMAL LIABILY REGARDG UNLAWFUL ARRTS AND TENTN. POLICE OFFICERS ROUTELY ARGUED THAT THEY MERELY FOLLOWED ORRS NDUCTG ARRTS AND WERE NOT RPONSIBLE FOR PENSATG VICTIMS OF UNLAWFUL ARRTS. PRETRIAL DETENTN: PROLONGED PRETRIAL TENTN WAS RARE FOR NONPOLIL PRISONERS. DELAYS PRETRIAL PROCR WERE MON, HOWEVER, DUE TO A SHORTAGE OF MAGISTRAT AND URT TERPRETERS, POOR BURECRATIC PROCR, AND AN SUFFICIENT NUMBER OF URT OFFICIALS TO HEAR MANY S. THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR THE RIGHT TO BAIL FOR TAED SPECTS. DPE THIS PROVISN, THE ERNMENT ROUTELY OPPOSED BAIL FOR POLIL TAE, AND JUDG GENERALLY UPHELD THE MOTNS. WHEN JUDG ISSUED BAIL LGS, THEY WOULD OFTEN LAY ANNOUNCG THEIR LGS UNTIL AFTER THE URT SHIER CLOSED ON FRIDAYS TO ENSURE POLIL TAE REMAED PRISON OVER THE WEEKEND. OTHER PRISONERS REMAED PRISON BEE THEY ULD NOT AFFORD TO PAY BAIL. MAGISTRAT RARELY EXERCISED THE “EE BAIL OPTN” THAT THORIZ THEM TO WAIVE BAIL FOR STUTE PRISONERS. LAWYERS REPORTED JUVENIL UALLY SPENT MORE TIME PRETRIAL TENTN THAN DID ADULTS BEE THEY ULD NOT ATTEND URT UNLS A PARENT OR GUARDIAN ACPANIED THEM. SOMETIM THEIR PARENTS ULD NOT BE LOTED OR DID NOT HAVE THE FUNDS TO TRAVEL TO URT. AUTHORI OCSNALLY DID NOT NOTIFY PARENTS OF A JUVENILE’S ARRT OR THE CLOST K OF AN ADULT TAEE’S ARRT. E. DENIAL OF FAIR PUBLIC TRIAL THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR AN PENNT JUDICIARY, BUT EXECUTIVE FLUENCE AND TERFERENCE REMAED A PROBLEM. THERE NTUED TO BE SOME STANC WHERE THE JUDICIARY MONSTRATED S PENNCE SPE BEG UNR TENSE PRSURE TO NFORM TO ERNMENT POLICI. THE ERNMENT OFTEN REFED TO ABI BY JUDICIAL CISNS AND ROUTELY LAYED PAYMENT OF URT STS OR JUDGMENTS AWARD AGAST CIVIL S. JUDICIAL RPTN WAS WISPREAD, EXTENDG BEYOND MAGISTRAT AND JUDG. FOR EXAMPLE, NGOS REPORTED SENR ERNMENT OFFICIALS UNRMED JUDICIAL PENNCE, CLUDG BY GIVG HOM, FARMS, AND AGRICULTURAL MACHERY TO JUDG. MAGISTRAT HEARD THE VAST MAJORY OF S. LEGAL EXPERTS CLAIMED FENDANTS POLILLY SENSIVE S WERE LS LIKELY TO RECEIVE A FAIR HEARG MAGISTRAT’ URTS THAN HIGHER URTS. IN LOWER URTS JTIC WERE MORE LIKELY TO MAKE POLICIZED CISNS DUE TO THE E OF THREATS AND TIMIDATN TO FORCE MAGISTRAT, PARTICULARLY RAL MAGISTRAT, TO LE THE ERNMENT’S FAVOR. IN POLILLY CHARGED S, OTHER JUDICIAL OFFICERS SUCH AS PROSECUTORS AND PRIVATE ATTORNEYS ALSO FACED PRSURE OM HIGH-RANKG JUDG AND OFFICIALS OF THE LG PARTY, CLUDG HARASSMENT AND TIMIDATN. SOME HIGH URT JTIC MONSTRATED A GREATER GREE OF PENNCE AND GRANTED OPPOSN PARTY MEMBERS AND CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS BAIL AGAST THE ERNMENT’S WISH. THERE WERE REPORTS OF STANC WHERE JUDG OR MAGISTRAT SHOULD HAVE RECED THEMSELV OM POLILLY CHARGED S BUT FAILED TO DO SO. TRIAL PROCEDURES THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR THE RIGHT TO A FAIR AND PUBLIC TRIAL, BUT POLIL PRSURE AND RPTN EQUENTLY PROMISED THIS RIGHT. BY LAW FENDANTS ENJOY A PRUMPTN OF NOCENCE, ALTHOUGH URTS DID NOT ALWAYS RPECT THIS RIGHT. MAGISTRAT OR JUDG HELD TRIALS WHOUT JURI. TRIALS WERE UALLY OPEN TO THE PUBLIC EXCEPT S VOLVG MORS OR STATE SECURY MATTERS. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS LIBERALLY TERPRETED STATE SECURY MATTERS TO CLU TRIALS AND HEARGS FOR FENDANTS WHO PROTTED AGAST THE ERNMENT OR REPORTED ON ERNMENT RPTN. ASSSORS–UALLY NONLAWYERS WHO S TOGETHER WH A JUDGE TO PROVI EHER EXPERT ADVICE OR GUIDANCE ON LOL PRACTIC– LI OF JURI, ULD BE APPOTED S WHICH NVICTN OF AN OFFENSE ULD RULT A ATH PENALTY OR LENGTHY PRISON SENTENCE. DEFENDANTS HAVE THE RIGHT TO A LAWYER OF THEIR CHOOSG, BUT MOST FENDANTS MAGISTRAT’ URTS DID NOT HAVE LEGAL REPRENTATN. IN CRIMAL S AN DIGENT FENDANT MAY APPLY TO HAVE THE ERNMENT PROVI AN ATTORNEY, BUT REQUTS WERE RARELY GRANTED EXCEPT PAL S, WHICH THE ERNMENT PROVID AN ATTORNEY FOR ALL FENDANTS UNABLE TO AFFORD ONE. INDIVIDUALS CIVIL S MAY REQUT EE LEGAL ASSISTANCE OM THE LEGAL ROURC FOUNDATN OR ZIMBABWE LAWYERS FOR HUMAN RIGHTS (ZLHR). THE ZIMBABWE WOMEN LAWYERS ASSOCIATN ALSO PROVID SOME EE LEGAL ASSISTANCE TO WOMEN AND YOUTH. THE LAW PROVIS FOR EE TERPRETATN, AND SHONA-ENGLISH AND NBELE-ENGLISH TERPRETATN WAS GENERALLY AVAILABLE. THE RIGHT TO AQUATE TIME AND FACILI TO PREPARE A FENSE IS ALSO PROVID FOR BY LAW BUT WAS OFTEN LACKG. DEFENDANTS HAVE THE RIGHT TO PRENT WNS AND EVINCE ON THEIR OWN BEHALF AND TO NONT ADVERSE WNS. ANY PERSON ARRTED OR TAED FOR AN ALLEGED OFFENSE HAS THE RIGHT TO REMA SILENT AND MAY NOT BE PELLED TO NFS. THERE WERE NO KNOWN S OF TORTURE-DUCED NFSNS ED URT. AUTHORI DID NOT ALWAYS RPECT THE RIGHTS. AUTHORI SOMETIM NIED OR SIGNIFINTLY LAYED ATTORNEYS’ ACCS TO THEIR CLIENTS OR FALSELY CLAIMED THE ATTORNEYS’ CLIENTS WERE BEG HELD AT ANOTHER FACILY. CONVICTN REQUIR PROOF BEYOND A REASONABLE DOUBT, AND THE PROSECUTN BEARS THE BURN OF PROOF. THE RIGHT TO APPEAL BOTH NVICTN AND SENTENCE EXISTS ALL S, AND IS TOMATIC S WHICH THE ATH PENALTY IS IMPOSED. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS SOMETIM IGNORED URT ORRS, LAYED BAIL AND ACCS TO MEDIL RE, AND SELECTIVELY ENFORCED URT ORRS RELATED TO LAND DISPUT FAVORABLE TO THOSE ASSOCIATED WH THE ERNMENT. THE PUBLIC HAD FAIR ACCS TO THE URTS OF LAW, PARTICULARLY THE MAGISTRAT’ URTS, ALTHOUGH OBSERVERS REPORTED OCSNAL PHYSIL AND PROCRAL IMPEDIMENTS, SUCH AS LIMED AVAILABLE SEATG AREAS AND ARBRARY L ABOUT NOTE TAKG DURG HEARGS. POLITICAL PRISONERS AND DETAINEES THERE WERE REPORTS OF DIVIDUALS ARRTED FOR POLIL REASONS, CLUDG OPPOSN PARTY OFFICIALS, THEIR SUPPORTERS, NGO WORKERS, JOURNALISTS, CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS, AND LABOR LEARS. AUTHORI SOMETIM TAED SUCH DIVIDUALS FOR ONE OR TWO DAYS AND RELEASED THEM WHOUT CHARGE. POLIL PRISONERS AND TAE DID NOT RECEIVE THE SAME STANDARD OF TREATMENT AS OTHER PRISONERS OR TAE, AND PRISON THORI ARBRARILY NIED VISOR ACCS TO POLIL PRISONERS. THERE WERE REPORTS POLICE BEAT AND PHYSILLY ABED POLIL AND CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS WHILE THEY WERE TENTN. UNLIKE NORMAL CRIMAL PROCEEDGS, WHICH MOVE OM VTIGATN TO TRIAL WH MONTHS, PROSECUTG AGENTS REGULARLY TOOK ABNORMALLY LONG TO SUBM FOR TRIAL S VOLVG MEMBERS OF THE POLIL OPPOSN OR CIVIL SOCIETY CRICS OF THE ERNMENT. HEARGS WERE SOMETIM SCHLED WHEN PRIDG JUDG WERE ON VATN. PROSECUTORS POLIL S WERE OFTEN “UNPREPARED TO PROCEED” AND RECEIVED NUMERO NTUANC. IN MANY S WHERE THORI GRANTED BAIL TO ERNMENT OPPONENTS, THEY DID NOT NCLU VTIGATNS AND SET A TRIAL DATE BUT STEAD CHOSE TO “PROCEED BY WAY OF SUMMONS.” THIS LEFT THE THREAT OF IMPENDG PROSECUTN REMAG, WH THE ACCED PERSON EVENTUALLY BEG LLED TO URT, ONLY TO BE RMED OF FURTHER LAYS. IN JULY POLICE ARRTED OPPOSN PARTY LEAR JAB NGARIVHUME AND JOURNALIST HOPEWELL CH’ONO FOR THEIR ALLEGED ROL PLANNG AND PROMOTG A JULY 31 PROTT AGAST ERNMENT RPTN. THEY WERE HELD FOR APPROXIMATELY SIX WEEKS BEFORE BEG RELEASED ON STRICT BAIL NDNS THAT CLUD SURRENRG THEIR PASSPORTS, AGREEG NOT TO E SOCIAL MEDIA TO PROMOTE PUBLIC VLENCE, AND REPORTG REGULARLY TO POLICE STATNS. ON NOVEMBER 3, THORI REARRTED HOPEWELL CH’ONO FOR ABG SOCIAL MEDIA AND TAED HIM UNTIL NOVEMBER 20, WHEN HE RECEIVED BAIL. BOTH NGARIVHUME AND CH’ONO’S S REMAED PENDG. IN 2019 THE ERNMENT CHARGED 22 PERSONS WH SUBVERSN FOR THEIR PARTICIPATN ANIZG MONSTRATNS OR ATTENDG CIVIC ENGAGEMENT TRAGS. AS OF NOVEMBER URTS HAD DISMISSED CHARG AGAST 10 OF THE FENDANTS. THE ERNMENT ALLEGED THE FENDANTS TEND TO TAKE OVER A NSTUTNALLY ELECTED ERNMENT. AS OF YEAR’S END, THE MNANGAGWA ADMISTRATN HAD NOT FULLY PROSECUTED ANYONE FOR SUBVERSN, BUT THOSE CHARGED WH SUBVERSN MT SURRENR THEIR PASSPORTS AND REPORT TO LOL POLICE STATNS REGULARLY. POLITICALLY MOTIVATED REPRISAL AGAINST INDIVIDUALS LOCATED OUTSIDE THE COUNTRY THERE WERE CREDIBLE REPORTS THAT FOR POLILLY MOTIVATED PURPOS THE ERNMENT ATTEMPTED TO EXERT BILATERAL PRSURE ON ANOTHER UNTRY TO TAKE ADVERSE ACTN AGAST SPECIFIC DIVIDUALS OR GROUPS. IN SEPTEMBER MEDIA REPORTED ERNMENT OFFICIALS SECURED AN EXTRADN TREATY WH SOUTH AI TO ALLOW THE FORCIBLE RETURN OF SOME MEMBERS OF THE “G40,” A GROUP PRISED OF FORMER ZIMBABWE AIN NATNAL UNN-PATRTIC FRONT (ZANU-PF) MEMBERS ALIGNED WH GRACE MUGABE, WIDOW OF THE LATE PRINT ROBERT MUGABE. AS OF NOVEMBER 30, NO PUBLICIZED EXTRADNS OF G40 MEMBERS HAD OCCURRED. CIVIL JUDICIAL PROCEDURES AND REMEDIES CIVIL JUDICIAL PROCR ALLOW FOR AN PENNT AND IMPARTIAL JUDICIARY, BUT THE JUDICIARY WAS SUBJECT TO POLIL FLUENCE AND TIMIDATN, PARTICULARLY S VOLVG HIGH-RANKG ERNMENT OFFICIALS, POLILLY NNECTED DIVIDUALS, OR DIVIDUALS AND ANIZATNS SEEKG REMEDI FOR AB OF HUMAN RIGHTS. PROPERTY RESTITUTION THE NSTUTN STIPULAT THE ERNMENT MT PENSATE PERSONS FOR IMPROVEMENTS MA ON LAND TAKEN BY THE ERNMENT, BUT DO NOT SET A TIMELE FOR THE LIVERY OF PENSATN. THE ERNMENT RARELY PROVID RTUTN OR PENSATN FOR THE NFISTN OF PRIVATE PROPERTY, AND POLICE GENERALLY DID NOT TAKE ACTN AGAST DIVIDUALS WHO SEIZED PRIVATE PROPERTY WHOUT HAVG SECURED THORIZATN OM THE STATE TO DO SO. SUPPORT WAS UNEVEN AND NSISTENT FOR MORE THAN 1,800 HOEHOLDS RETTLED THE PAST OM THE DIAMOND MG FIELDS OF MARANGE CHIADZWA TO A ERNMENT-OWNED AGRICULTURAL TATE OUTSI MUTARE. EACH HOEHOLD WAS ENTLED TO RECEIVE $1,000 FOR RELOTN, ALTHOUGH REPORTEDLY ONLY A HANDFUL RECEIVED THE MONEY. MOST OF THE RELOTED FAI HAD NOT RECEIVED PENSATN OF ANY KD, CLUDG AGRICULTURAL LAND, WHILE THE ERNMENT CLASSIFIED THEM AS “PEOPLE WH NO REGNIZABLE LEGAL RIGHTS OR CLAIM TO THE LAND THEY ARE OCCUPYG,” STATG THAT THEIR FORMER LAND BEME STATE LAND, SPE CTOMARY AND TRADNAL RIGHTS TO THE NTRARY. A MAJORY OF MERCIAL FARMERS REPORTED THE ERNMENT HAD NOT PENSATED THEM FOR LOSS SUFFERED OM THE LAND RETTLEMENT PROGRAM THAT BEGAN 2000. ACRDG TO THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND MISTRY OF LANDS, BEGNG 2000 A SCRIPTN OF EVERY WHE-OWNED FARM THE UNTRY WAS PUBLISHED STATE MEDIA AND THE FARMS EFFECTIVELY BEME STATE PROPERTY. ACRDG TO THE COMMERCIAL FARMERS UNN OF ZIMBABWE (CFU), AFTER THORI PUBLISHED A SCRIPTN OF THE PROPERTY, WAS UALLY TRANSFERRED TO A POLILLY NNECTED DIVIDUAL AT THE FIRST AVAILABLE OPPORTUNY. THE CFU REPORTED THAT SCE 2000 MOST TLEHOLRS WHO LOST THEIR HOM OR PROPERTI, WHERE MOST OF THEIR LIFE EARNGS WERE VTED, WERE NOT PENSATED. AS A RULT OF EVICTNS, THERE WERE SR OF STUTE ELRLY FORMER FARMERS AND FORMER FARM WORKERS. IN JULY THE ERNMENT, THE CFU, AND OTHER FARMERS’ GROUPS SIGNED A $3.5 BILLN PENSATN AL FOR FARMS EXPROPRIATED THE S FOLLOWG PENNCE. THE AL PROMISED HALF OF THE PAYMENTS AFTER ONE YEAR AND THE REMAR OVER THE URSE OF THE NEXT FOUR YEARS. DPE THE NEGOTIATED AGREEMENT, ERNMENT OFFICIALS NTUED TO SEIZE FARMS WHOUT PENSATN AS RECENTLY AS SEPTEMBER 11. THE CFU TIMATED THERE WERE FEWER THAN 400 ACTIVE WHE MERCIAL FARMERS STILL LIVG THE UNTRY. THOSE REMAG NTUED TO BE TARGETED, HARASSED, THREATENED WH EVICTN, AND EVICTED BY UNEMPLOYED YOUTH AND DIVIDUALS HIRED BY POLILLY NNECTED DIVIDUALS STANDG TO BENEF OM THE FARM SEIZUR. F. ARBITRARY OR UNLAWFUL INTERFERENCE WITH PRIVACY, FAMILY, HOME, OR CORRESPONDENCE THE NSTUTN AND LAW PROHIB ARBRARY OR UNLAWFUL TERFERENCE WH PRIVACY, FAY, OR HOME, BUT LOL NGOS REPORTED THE ERNMENT DID NOT RPECT THE RIGHTS. THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ERNMENT OFFICIALS PRSURED LOL CHIEFS AND ZANU-PF LOYALISTS TO MONOR AND REPORT ON PERSONS SPECTED OF SUPPORTG POLIL PARTI OTHER THAN ZANU-PF. THROUGH THREATS AND TIMIDATN, LOL CHIEFS AND ZANU-PF LOYALISTS ALSO PELLED DIVIDUALS, MOSTLY RAL AREAS, TO NTRIBUTE MONEY AND PUBLIC ROURC, SUCH AS SCHOOL B AND SCHOOL MEETG SPAC, TOWARD ZANU-PF POLIL RALLI. GOVERNMENT ENTI MANIPULATED THE DISTRIBUTN OF ERNMENT-PROVID FOOD AID, AGRICULTURAL PUTS, AND ACCS TO TN AND OTHER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS TO EXCLU SPECTED POLIL OPPOSN SUPPORTERS AND TO PEL SUPPORT FOR ZANU-PF. ZANU-PF SUPPORTERS THREATENED TO WHHOLD FOOD AID TO CIZENS GLENVIEW, MANGWE, AND NYANGA DURG THE PERD PRECEDG EACH AREA’S NSTUENCY BY-ELECTN 2019. THE LAW PERMS THE TERCEPTN AND MONORG OF ANY MUNITN (CLUDG TELEPHONE, POSTAL MAIL, EMAIL, AND TER TRAFFIC) THE URSE OF TRANSMISSN THROUGH A TELEMUNITN, POSTAL, OR OTHER SYSTEM THE UNTRY. CIVIL LIBERTI ADVOT CLAIMED THE ERNMENT ED THE LAW TO STIFLE EEDOM OF SPEECH AND TARGET POLIL AND CIVIL SOCIETY ACTIVISTS (SEE SECTN 2.A.). SECURY FORC SOMETIM PUNISHED FAY MEMBERS FOR OFFENS ALLEGEDLY MTED BY THEIR RELATIV. ON JULY 29, POLICE SEARCHED THE BULAWAYO HOME OF NEWS SE EDOR MDUDUZI MATHUTHU FOR RMATN ON SUBVERSIVE MATERIALS LKED TO PROTTS SCHLED FOR JULY 31. MATHUTHU WAS NOT AT HOME WHEN POLICE ARRIVED AND REMAED HIDG AS OF NOVEMBER. POLICE TAED HIS SISTER, NOMAGUGU MATHUTHU, AT THE BULAWAYO CENTRAL POLICE STATN, THEN RELEASED HER AFTER ARRTG MATHUTHU’S NEPHEW, TAWANDA MUCHEHIWA, ON JULY 30. MUCHEHIWA REPORTEDLY DISAPPEARED OM POLICE CTODY AND THEN WAS LEFT AT HIS RINCE ON AUGT 1, BADLY BEATEN BY DIVIDUALS SPECTED OF BEG STATE SECURY AGENTS. SECTN 2. RPECT FOR CIVIL LIBERTI, INCLUDG: A. FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, INCLUDING FOR THE PRESS THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR EEDOMS OF EXPRSN AND OF THE MEDIA, BUT THE LAW LIMS THE EEDOMS THE “TERT OF FENSE, PUBLIC SECURY OR PROFSNAL NFINTIALY, TO THE EXTENT THAT THE RTRICTN IS FAIR, REASONABLE, NECSARY AND JTIFIABLE A MOCRATIC SOCIETY BASED ON OPENNS, JTICE, HUMAN DIGNY, EQUALY AND EEDOM.” THE ERNMENT NTUED TO ARRT, TA, AND HARASS JOURNALISTS AND CRICS. WHILE PENNT MEDIA NTUED TO OPERATE, JOURNALISTS AND EDORS PRACTICED SELF-CENSORSHIP. GOVERNMENT FAILURE TO VTIGATE OR PROSECUTE ATTACKS ON HUMAN RIGHTS FENRS AND PEACEFUL PROTTERS LED TO FACTO RTRICTNS ON EEDOM OF EXPRSN, ASSEMBLY, AND ASSOCIATN. FREEDOM OF SPEECH: THERE WERE RTRICTNS ON DIVIDUALS CRICIZG THE ERNMENT OR DISCSG MATTERS OF GENERAL PUBLIC TERT. AUTHORI WERE SENSIVE TO CRICISM GENERAL, PARTICULARLY WHEN DIRECTED AT PRINT MNANGAGWA OR HIS FAY. PERSONS ACCED OF SULTG THE PRINT AND HIS OFFICE ARE CHARGED UNR SECTN 33 (2) (B) OF THE CRIMAL LAW (CODIFITN AND REFORM ACT), UNRMG THORY OF OR SULTG A PRINT, SPE A 2013 SUPREME COURT LG THAT THE SECTN GED ON THE RIGHT TO EEDOM OF EXPRSN ON THE BASIS OF THE PREV NSTUTN. THE OFFICE OF THE PRINT NTTED THE LG, AND THE URT DID NOT MAKE A FAL TERMATN ON S NSTUTNALY, SO THE LAW REMAED FORCE. AS OF SEPTEMBER THE ZLHR REPORTED ASSISTG 15 DIVIDUALS CHARGED UNR THE LAW SCE JANUARY. ADDNALLY, 30 ACTIVISTS OR CRICS OF THE ERNMENT WERE CHARGED WH VLATG OTHER SECTNS OF THE SAME LAW FOR ATTEMPTG TO SUBVERT A NSTUTNALLY ELECTED ERNMENT OR BEG A CRIMAL NUISANCE. ON JULY 7, POLICE ARRTED COUNCILOR GODEY KURONE OF THE MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRACY CHANGE-ALLIANCE YOUTH ASSEMBLY AND CHARGED HIM WH UNRMG THORY OF OR SULTG PRINT MNANGAGWA AS FED THE CRIMAL LAW (CODIFITN AND REFORM) ACT. KURONE HAD ACCED THE PRINT OF LEADG A RPT ADMISTRATN AND URGED HIS RIGNATN, WHILE ADDRSG MUTERS WAG TO BOARD A B. HE WAS RELEASED ON BAIL BUT LATER REARRTED FOR SGG ANTI-MNANGAGWA SONGS AT A FUNERAL. KURONE REMAED RCERATED FOR SIX WEEKS BEFORE HIS SE WAS DISMISSED ON SEPTEMBER 10. IN OCTOBER THORI ISSUED ANOTHER WARRANT FOR HIS ARRT; AS OF DECEMBER THEY HAD NOT ARRTED HIM. FREEDOM OF PRS AND MEDIA, INCLUDG ONLE MEDIA: INPENNT NEWSPAPERS AND MERCIAL RAD STATNS WERE ACTIVE AND EXPRSED A WI VARIETY OF VIEWS, ALTHOUGH WH SOME RTRICTNS. STATE-SPONSORED MEDIA, HOWEVER, WERE MORE PREVALENT. THE MISTRY OF MEDIA, INFORMATN, PUBLICY, AND BROADSTG SERVIC EXERCISED NTROL OVER STATE-N MEDIA AND SOME PENNT MEDIA OUTLETS, THROUGH REGULATN UNR THE BROADSTG AUTHORY OF ZIMBABWE AND THE ZIMBABWE MEDIA COMMISSN. THE ERNMENT ED ACCREDATN LAWS TO MONOR TERNATNAL MEDIA JOURNALISTS’ ENTRY TO THE UNTRY. THE ERNMENT REQUIRED FOREIGN JOURNALISTS TO OBTA PERMS 60 DAYS BEFORE TRAVELLG TO THE UNTRY ORR TO REPORT OM THE UNTRY. FOREIGN REPORTERS PAID MORE FOR PERMS AND ACCREDATN THAN DID THEIR LOL UNTERPARTS. INTERNATNAL MEDIA OUTLETS SUCH AS AL-JAZEERA AND THE BBC NTUED TO OPERATE THE UNTRY. RAD REMAED THE PRCIPAL MEDIUM OF PUBLIC MUNITN, PARTICULARLY FOR THE RAL MAJORY. ALL URBAN MERCIAL RAD STATNS LICENSED 2015 WERE OPERATG DURG THE YEAR. DPE THEIR PERCEIVED ALLEGIANCE TO ZANU-PF, THE STATNS CLUD PENNT VOIC THEIR PROGRAMMG. THE ERNMENT DID NOT LICENSE ANY MUNY RAD STATNS DURG THE YEAR. THE ERNMENT-NTROLLED ZIMBABWE BROADSTG CORPORATN (ZBC)–THE UNTRY’S ONLY DOMTILLY BASED TELEVISN BROADSTG STATN–OPERATED ONE CHANNEL. ON AUGT 28, THE BROADSTG AUTHORY OF ZIMBABWE PUBLISHED A SHORTLIST OF 14 APPLINTS FOR SIX MERCIAL TELEVISN LICENS, A NEW IATIVE TO ALLOW FOR PRIVATE DOMTIC TELEVISN BROADSTG. IN OCTOBER THE APPLINTS PARTICIPATED A PUBLIC QUIRY PROCS TO TERME THEIR SUABILY TO BE LICENSED. ON NOVEMBER 20, ZIMBABWE ISSUED SIX LICENS. THE LIST CLUD RUNUNGO MEDIA, WHICH BELONGED TO THE MISTRY OF DEFENSE, ERNMENT-OWNED ZIMPAPERS TELEVISN NETWORK, AND FOUR PRIVATELY OWNED ENTERPRIS. INTERNATNAL SATELLE TELEVISN BROADSTS WERE AVAILABLE THROUGH PRIVATE FIRMS BUT WERE TOO EXPENSIVE FOR MOST CIZENS. ON JULY 23, HIGH COURT JTICE JOSEPH MAFIRE LED THE STATE-NTROLLED ZBC AND ZIMBABWE NEWSPAPERS GROUP (ALSO KNOWN AS ZIMPAPERS) HAD, DURG THE 2018 ELECTN MPAIGN, “NDUCTED THEMSELV MATERIAL BREACH OF SECTN 61 OF THE NSTUTN,” WHICH ERNS EEDOM OF EXPRSN AND EEDOM OF MEDIA. THE JUDGE ORRED THE TWO ANIZATNS TO PRODUCE IMPARTIAL AND PENNT BROADSTS AND ENSURE MUNITNS DID NOT FAVOR ANY POLIL PARTY OR NDIDATE OVER ANOTHER. VLENCE AND HARASSMENT: SECURY FORC, OFFICIALS, AND SUPPORTERS OM ZANU-PF, THE LG POLIL PARTY, ROUTELY HARASSED JOURNALISTS. THE MEDIA INSTUTE OF SOUTH AI-ZIMBABWE AND LOL JOURNALIST PANASHE MAKUFA FILED AN URGENT CHAMBER APPLITN AFTER POLICE ARRTED AND HARASSED JOURNALISTS AND MEDIA WORKERS DURG THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN, WHICH BEGAN ON MARCH 30. ON APRIL 20, HIGH COURT JTICE MANZUNZU ORRED POLICE AND OTHER LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCI CHARGED WH ENFORCG THE LOCKDOWN NOT TO ARRT, TA, OR TERFERE “ ANY UNNECSARY WAY” WH THE WORK OF JOURNALISTS ON THE BASIS THAT THEIR PRS RDS ISSUED 2019 HAD EXPIRED. DPE THE URT LG, REPORTERS WHOUT BORRS RERD 24 DIVIDUAL S OF UNIFORMED FORC HARASSG JOURNALISTS BETWEEN APRIL 1 AND JULY 20. ON MAY 22, POLICE ARRTED FRANK CHIKOWORE, A EELANCE JOURNALIST, AND SAMUEL TAKAWIRA, A REPORTER FOR THE ONLE PENNT NEWS OUTLET 263CHAT, AT A HOSPAL AS THEY SOUGHT TO TERVIEW THREE HOSPALIZED OPPOSN ACTIVISTS WHO SAID THEY HAD BEEN ABDUCTED AND ASSLTED ON MAY 13 (SEE SECTN 1.C.). CHIKOWORE AND TAKAWIRA WERE CHARGED WH FAILG TO PLY WH THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN ORR BUT WERE ACQUTED SEPTEMBER AFTER BEG GRANTED BAIL JUNE. ON JULY 20, POLICE RAID THE HOME OF JOURNALIST HOPEWELL CH’ONO AND ARRTED HIM FOR PROMOTG OR CG PUBLIC VLENCE, PEACE BREACHG, OR BIGOTRY NNECTN WH PROMOTG ANTIRPTN MONSTRATNS SCHLED FOR JULY 31 (SEE SECTN 1.E., POLIL PRISONERS AND DETAE). CENSORSHIP OR CONTENT RTRICTNS: THE ERNMENT MATAED CENSORSHIP THROUGH MEDIA REGISTRATN AND ACCREDATN LAWS, ALTHOUGH MANY PROVISNS OF THE LAW ARE NSISTENT WH THE NSTUTN. THE LAW PROVIS THE ERNMENT WH EXTENSIVE POWERS TO NTROL MEDIA AND SUPPRS EE SPEECH BY REQUIRG THE REGISTRATN OF JOURNALISTS AND PROHIBG THE “ABE OF EE EXPRSN.” GOVERNMENT-NTROLLED AND PENNT MEDIA AND JOURNALISTS PRACTICED SELF-CENSORSHIP. ON JUNE 29, PRINT MNANGAGWA SIGNED TO LAW THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATN ACT AS PART OF AN EFFORT TO REPEAL THE WILY RTRICTIVE ACCS TO INFORMATN AND PROTECTN OF PRIVACY ACT. THE NEW LAW DIFI THE NSTUTNAL RIGHTS OF EEDOM OF EXPRSN, MEDIA EEDOM, AND ACCS TO RMATN HELD BY ENTI THE TERT OF PUBLIC ACUNTABILY. LIBEL/SLANR LAWS: THE CONSTUTNAL COURT LED THE NSTUTN PROHIBS CRIMAL FAMATN. ALTHOUGH LIBEL, SLANR, FAMATN, AND BLASPHEMY SHOULD BE TREATED ONLY AS CIVIL OFFENS, AT LEAST FIVE PERSONS WERE ARRTED DURG THE YEAR FOR SULTG THE PRINT OR HIS FAY. CIVIL FAMATN LAWS REMAED FORCE. NEWSPAPERS EXERCISED SELF-CENSORSHIP DUE TO ERNMENT TIMIDATN AND THE PROSPECT OF PROSECUTN UNR CIVIL LIBEL LAWS. NATNAL SECURY: THE LAW GRANTS THE ERNMENT A WI RANGE OF LEGAL POWERS TO PROSECUTE PERSONS FOR POLIL AND SECURY CRIM THAT ARE NOT CLEARLY FED. FOR EXAMPLE THE EXTREMELY BROAD OFFICIAL SECRETS ACT CRIMALIZ THE DIVULGG OF ANY RMATN ACQUIRED BY ERNMENT EMPLOYE THE URSE OF OFFICIAL DUTI. AUTHORI ED THE LAWS TO RTRICT PUBLITN OF RMATN CRIL OF ERNMENT POLICI OR PUBLIC OFFICIALS. IN OCTOBER THE BET APPROVED AMENDMENTS CRIMALIZG PRIVATE CIZENS ENGAGG WH FOREIGN ERNMENTS WHOUT THORIZATN. AS OF NOVEMBER NEHER THE HOE NOR THE SENATE HAD PASSED THE AMENDMENTS. INTERNET FREEDOM THE LAW PERMS THE ERNMENT TO MONOR ALL MUNITNS THE UNTRY, CLUDG TER TRANSMISSNS. INTER AND MOBILE PHONE MUNITN THE UNTRY WAS WILY AVAILABLE. THE ERNMENT, HOWEVER, REGULATED TER AND MOBILE PHONE MUNITN TO CURB DISSENT AND CREASED S SHARE OF THE RMATN AND MUNITNS TECHNOLOGY MARKET AND TERNATNAL GATEWAYS. THE ERNMENT REGULARLY MONORED AND TERFERED WH E OF SOCIAL MEDIA. IN JUNE PENNT JOURNALISTS REPORTED THAT SUPPORTERS OF PRINT MNANGAGWA ED NIAL-OF-SERVICE ATTACKS ON SOCIAL MEDIA AND THE TER TO SILENCE THEIR VOIC. AS A RULT, PENNT NEWS WEBS HAD TO SHUT DOWN TEMPORARILY. SEVERAL PENNT JOURNALISTS REPORTED BOT-STYLE ATTACKS ON THEIR TWTER ACUNTS NSISTG PRIMARILY OF FALSE REPORTS OF LE VLATNS. EDMUND KUDZAYI, WHO RAN A NEWS SERVICE ON WHATSAPP, SAID TWTER WARNED HIM SEVERAL TIM AFTER ANONYMO ZANU-PF SUPPORTERS HAD FALSELY REPORTED HIS ACUNT FOR SHARG PRIVATE RMATN. ON MAY 30, TICHOANA ZDOGA, EDOR OF THE ONLE NEWS SE MAIL AND REVIEW, REPORTED MORE THAN 2,000 MALIC LOG ATTEMPTS, WHICH LED TO THE TEMPORARY SHUTDOWN OF HIS WEBSE. THE MUNITNS LAWS FACILATED EAVDROPPG AND LL TERCEPTN BY STATE SECURY PERSONNEL. THE LAW ALLOWS LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS TO APPLY TO THE RPONSIBLE MISTER FOR A WARRANT THORIZG THEM TO TERCEPT MUNITNS, CLUDG LLS, EMAILS, AND OTHER MSAG. REGULATNS PERM OFFICERS TO APPLY FOR TERCEPTN WARRANTS IF THEY KNOW THE INTI OF DIVIDUALS WHOSE LLS AND MSAG THEY WANT TO TERCEPT. THERE WERE NO REPORTED APPLITNS OF THIS PROVISN. ON MARCH 3, ZIMBABWE NATNAL ARMY MANR EDZAI ZIMONYO WARNED THAT THE ARY WOULD BEG MONORG CIVILIAN MUNITN ON SOCIAL MEDIA THAT “POS A DANGERO THREAT TO NATNAL SECURY.” ZIMONYO ACCED TRACTORS OF RORTG TO “SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS TO SUBVERT SECURY FORC,” ENURAGED SENR ARMY OFFICERS TO ORR THOSE THEIR “MAND TO GUARD AGAST SUCH THREATS,” AND WARNED ANYONE WORKG ON A WORKED PUTER WAS UNR THREAT OF CYBERCRIME, HACKG, AND SUBVERSN. ACADEMIC FREEDOM AND CULTURAL EVENTS THE ERNMENT DID NOT RTRICT AMIC EEDOM DURG THE YEAR; HOWEVER, THE LAW RTRICTS THE PENNCE OF UNIVERSI, SUBJECTG THEM TO ERNMENT FLUENCE AND PROVIDG DISCIPLARY POWERS OVER STAFF AND STUNTS TO UNIVERSY THORI. THE UNTRY’S PRINT IS THE CHANCELLOR OF ALL EIGHT STATE-N UNIVERSI AND APPOTS THEIR VICE CHANCELLORS. THE ERNMENT HAS OVERSIGHT OF HIGHER TN POLICY AT PUBLIC UNIVERSI THROUGH THE MISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUTN. THE CENSORSHIP AND ENTERTAMENT CONTROLS BOARD (CECB) APPROV SCRIPTS BY PLAYWRIGHTS. ARTISTS WHO VLATED PROVISNS OF THE CENSORSHIP AND ENTERTAMENT CONTROL ACT (CECA) RECEIVED F AND PRISON SENTENC. IN JULY 2019 POLICE RAID THE OFFIC OF ROOFTOP PROMOTNS AND ARRTED FOUR EMPLOYE AFTER THEY SHOWED THE FILM THE LORD OF KH WHOUT CECB APPROVAL, ALLEGEDLY NTRAVENTN OF THE CECA. MAGISTRATE BARBRA MATEKO EED EACH EMPLOYEE ON BAIL AND POSTPONED THE SE REPEATEDLY. INFORMATN MISTRY PERMANENT SECRETARY NICK MANGWANA TOLD MEDIA THE FILM, WHICH IS SET PAKISTAN AND ALS WH RELIG FUNDAMENTALISM, HAD “SECURY IMPLITNS FOR A FOREIGN POWER.” B. FREEDOMS OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATION THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR THE EEDOMS OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AND ASSOCIATN, BUT THE ERNMENT RTRICTED THE RIGHTS. FREEDOM OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY THE ERNMENT RTRICTED EEDOMS OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY, ASSOCIATN, OR BOTH. THE LAW REQUIR ANIZERS TO NOTIFY POLICE OF THEIR TENTN TO HOLD A PUBLIC GATHERG, FED AS 15 OR MORE DIVIDUALS, SEVEN DAYS ADVANCE. FAILURE TO DO SO MAY RULT CRIMAL PROSECUTN AS WELL AS CIVIL LIABILY. THE LAW ALLOWS POLICE TO PROHIB A GATHERG BASED ON SECURY NCERNS BUT REQUIR POLICE TO FILE AN AFFIDAV A MAGISTRATE’S URT STATG THE REASONS BEHD THE NIAL. THE ERNMENT MT RPOND TO NOTIFITNS TO MONSTRATE WH THREE DAYS. BOTH THE LAW AND COVID-19 LOCKDOWN REGULATNS WERE ED TO RTRICT EE PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY DURG THE YEAR. ALTHOUGH MANY GROUPS DID NOT SEEK PERMS, OTHER GROUPS RMED POLICE OF THEIR PLANNED EVENTS, AND POLICE EHER NIED PERMISSN OR GAVE NO RPONSE, EFFECTIVELY NYG PERMISSN. POLICE ISSUED PROHIBN ORRS AGAST DOZENS OF PLANNED, NATNWI LABOR AND OPPOSN PARTY PROTTS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR, CG REASONABLE SPICN THE PROTTS WOULD RULT VLENCE AND PROPERTY DAMAGE. AUTHORI OFTEN NIED REQUTS BY CIVIL SOCIETY, TRA UNNS, RELIG GROUPS, OR POLIL PARTI OTHER THAN ZANU-PF TO HOLD PUBLIC EVENTS IF THE AGENDA NFLICTED WH ERNMENT POLICY POSNS. A SMALL GROUP OF PERSONS, HOWEVER, RECEIVED A PERM TO MP ONT OF FOREIGN EMBASSI HARARE THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION THE NSTUTN AND LAW PROVI FOR EEDOM OF ASSOCIATN, BUT THE ERNMENT RTRICTED THIS RIGHT. ALTHOUGH THE ERNMENT DID NOT RTRICT THE FORMATN OF POLIL PARTI OR UNNS, ZANU-PF SUPPORTERS, SOMETIM WH ERNMENT SUPPORT OR ACQUICENCE, TIMIDATED AND HARASSED MEMBERS OF ANIZATNS PERCEIVED TO BE ASSOCIATED WH OTHER POLIL PARTI (SEE SECTN 3). FOR EXAMPLE JULY POLICE ARRTED OPPOSN PARTY LEAR JAB NGARIVHUME AND JOURNALIST HOPEWELL CH’ONO FOR THEIR ALLEGED ROL PLANNG AND PROMOTG A JULY 31 PROTT AGAST ERNMENT RPTN. C. FREEDOM OF RELIGION SEE THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE’S INTERNATNAL RELIG FREEDOM REPORT AT . D. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT THE NSTUTN AND LAW PROVI FOR EEDOM OF TERNAL MOVEMENT, FOREIGN TRAVEL, EMIGRATN, AND REPATRIATN, BUT THE ERNMENT RTRICTED THE RIGHTS. IN-UNTRY MOVEMENT: POLICE REGULARLY TERPTED EEDOM OF MOVEMENT WH CHECKPOTS THROUGHOUT MAJOR CI AND NATNWI ALONG MOST MAJOR ROUT. THEY ED THE CHECKPOTS TO SCREEN VEHICLE OCCUPANTS FOR POTENTIAL PARTICIPATN ANTIERNMENT PROTTS, AS WELL AS TO ENFORCE COVID-19 REGULATN PLIANCE. FOREIGN TRAVEL: THE NSTUTN PROVIS THE RIGHT FOR CIZENS TO ENTER AND LEAVE THE UNTRY AND THE RIGHT TO A PASSPORT OR OTHER TRAVEL DOCUMENTS. IN 2019 THE ERNMENT ANNOUNCED A SHORTAGE OF SPECIAL IMPORTED PAPER AND K SUPPLI ED TO MAKE PASSPORTS. MEDIA REPORTED A 400,000-PASSPORT BACKLOG FEBARY, RCED TO 317,000 JULY, ACRDG TO THE OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL, BEE OF FEWER APPLITNS DURG THE COVID-19 LOCKDOWN. THE OFFICE TEMPORARILY STOPPED ACCEPTG APPLITNS OM MARCH TO SEPTEMBER BUT RUMED OPERATNS OCTOBER. IN 2019 THE BET APPROVED AMENDMENTS TO THE ZIMBABWE CIZENSHIP BILL TO ALLOW DUAL CIZENSHIP AS PRCRIBED THE NSTUTN. THERE WERE REPORTS THE OFFICE OF THE REGISTRAR GENERAL SOMETIM IMPOSED ADMISTRATIVE OBSTACL THE PASSPORT APPLITN PROCS FOR DUAL CIZENS, PARTICULARLY MALAWIAN, ZAMBIAN, AND MOZAMBIN CIZENS. EXILE: THE NSTUTN PROHIBS EXPULSN OM THE UNTRY FOR ALL CIZENS. A NUMBER OF PERSONS, CLUDG FORMER ERNMENT OFFICIALS, PROMENT BSMEN, HUMAN RIGHTS ACTIVISTS, OPPOSN PARTY MEMBERS, AND HUMAN RIGHTS LAWYERS, LEFT THE UNTRY AND REMAED SELF-IMPOSED EXILE DUE TO FEAR OF PERSECUTN. CIZENSHIP: THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR THREE DIFFERENT CLASS OF CIZENSHIP: BY BIRTH, BY SCENT, OR BY REGISTRATN. THE ERNMENT PRIVED SOME SECTNS OF THE POPULATN OF CIZENSHIP RIGHTS BASED ON THE LAW, WHICH REVOK THE CIZENSHIP OF PERSONS WHO FAIL TO RETURN TO THE UNTRY ANY FIVE-YEAR PERD. DPE A NSTUTNAL PROVISN OF CIZENSHIP AND HAVG VOTED PREVLY, SOME PERSONS WERE NIED THE RIGHT TO VOTE DURG THE BY-ELECTNS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR BEE THEY ULD NOT AQUATELY MONSTRATE THEIR CIZENSHIP. E. STATUS AND TREATMENT OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS ACRDG TO TERNATNAL ANIZATNS, APPROXIMATELY 5,000 HOEHOLDS WERE DISPLACED DUE TO NATURAL DISASTERS 2019 AND 2020, AND MORE THAN 25,000 TERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS (IDPS) LIVED THROUGHOUT THE UNTRY. AN UNKNOWN NUMBER OF PERSONS WERE DISPLACED DUE TO ERNMENT EVICTNS AFTER BUILDG HOM ON NTTED LANDS. IN 2019 CYCLONE IDAI DISPLACED THOANDS OF PERSONS CHIMANIMANI AND CHIPGE. GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS ANTICIPATED THE CYCLONE IDAI IDP MPS WOULD REMA PLACE UNTIL APRIL 2021. URBAN EVICTNS DISPLACED PERSONS, BUT THE PRECISE NUMBERS WERE UNKNOWN. THE MOST SIGNIFINT HISTORIL EVENTS THAT CREATED TERNAL DISPLACEMENT CLUD STATE-SPONSORED ELECTN-RELATED VLENCE, LAND REFORM, AND THE ERNMENT’S EVICTN OF CIZENS OM NONFARMG AREAS 2005, KNOWN AS OPERATN MURAMBATSVA. IDPS OM PREV YEARS, PRUMABLY CLUDG THE 15,000 PERSONS DISPLACED 2014 OM THE VICY OF THE TOKWE-MOSI DAM, REMAED NEARLY EMERGENCY NDNS, WH AN OVERWHELMG MAJORY LIVG WHOUT BASIC SANATN. IDPS WERE AMONG THE POPULATNS AT GREATT RISK OF FOOD SECURY. IN ADDN TO IMPROVED LIVG NDNS, IDPS REQUIRED REGULARIZATN OF THEIR STAT. WHOUT NEEDG ANY OFFICIAL DOCUMENTATN, SEVERAL GENERATNS OF FARM WORKERS ORIGALLY OM NEIGHBORG UNTRI PREVLY RID SULAR MERCIAL FARMG MUNI. WH THE EVICTN OF FARM OWNERS, THE FARM WORKERS WERE FORCED TO MOVE TO ADJACENT MUNAL LANDS AND LEFT WHOUT EMPLOYMENT OR HEALTH AND TN SERVIC. F. PROTECTION OF REFUGEES THE ERNMENT OPERATED WH THE OFFICE OF THE UN HIGH COMMISSNER FOR REFUGE (UNHCR) AND OTHER HUMANARIAN ANIZATNS PROVIDG PROTECTN AND ASSISTANCE TO REFUGE, RETURNG REFUGE, ASYLUM SEEKERS, AND OTHER PERSONS OF NCERN. ABE OF MIGRANTS, REFUGE, AND STATELS PERSONS: SECURY FORC TAED MIGRANTS WHO LACKED INTY DOCUMENTS OR PERMISSN TO BE THE UNTRY PRISONS WH NVICTED CRIMALS. PROLONGED TENTN FOR MIGRANTS WAS MON. MIGRANTS PLAED OF MISTREATMENT BY OTHER PRISONERS. THE ERNMENT SOMETIM WORKED WH TERNATNAL ANIZATNS TO ASSIST THE VOLUNTARY REPATRIATN OF MIGRANTS, PRIMARILY MOZAMBINS SETTLED ON THE BORR BETWEEN THE TWO UNTRI. ACCS TO ASYLUM: THE LAW PROVIS FOR THE GRANTG OF ASYLUM OR REFUGEE STAT, AND THE ERNMENT HAS TABLISHED A SYSTEM FOR PROVIDG PROTECTN TO REFUGE. ACRDG TO UNHCR, THE UNTRY HOSTED APPROXIMATELY 322,000 REFUGE AND ASYLUM SEEKERS DURG THE YEAR. THE TONGOGARA REFUGEE MP HOSTED APPROXIMATELY 15,000 REFUGE AND ASYLUM SEEKERS. PRR TO COVID-19 BORR CLOSUR, AN TIMATED 100 PERSONS ARRIVED EACH MONTH, PRIMARILY OM THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, MOZAMBIQUE, AND BUNDI. FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT: THE ERNMENT MATAED A FORMAL ENMPMENT POLICY REQUIRG REFUGE TO LIVE AT THE TONGOGARA REFUGEE MP. NEVERTHELS, AT YEAR’S END APPROXIMATELY 850 REFUGE LIVED URBAN AREAS, CLUDG HARARE AND BULAWAYO, AND MORE THAN 8,080 MOZAMBIN ASYLUM SEEKERS LIVED AMONG HOST MUNI ALONG THE BORR WH MOZAMBIQUE. EMPLOYMENT: REFUGE THE RMAL SECTOR HAD LIMED EMPLOYMENT OPTNS DUE TO THE ENMPMENT POLICY REQUIRG ALL REFUGE TO RI THE TONGOGARA REFUGEE MP. UNHCR PARTNERS AND THE JULIA TAFT FUND PROVID EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNI FOR RINTS OF THE MP, CLUDG BANANA FARMG, LIVTOCK PRODUCTN, AND SOAP PRODUCTN. DURABLE SOLUTNS: WHILE THE ERNMENT DID NOT ACCEPT REFUGE OM FOREIGN UNTRI FOR RETTLEMENT, FACILATED THE VOLUNTARY REPATRIATN OF REFUGE TO THEIR HOME UNTRI BY REGNIZG THE VOLUNTARY REPATRIATN DECLARATN FORM AS A VALID DOCUMENT FOR TRAVEL PURPOS. THE ERNMENT ALSO ALLOWED RWANDAN REFUGE, WHO LOST PRIMA FACIE REFUGEE STAT FOLLOWG IMPLEMENTATN OF THE 2013 RWANDAN CSATN CLSE, TO REMA THE UNTRY PENDG FAL ARRANGEMENTS BY THE ERNMENT. ADDNALLY, THE OFFICE OF THE COMMISSNER FOR REFUGE STATED THAT RWANDANS WH ZIMBABWEAN SPO WERE PERMTED TO REGULARIZE THEIR STAY THE UNTRY. MANY REFUGE WERE UNWILLG TO RETURN TO THEIR HOME UNTRI VOLUNTARILY, AND RETTLEMENT REMAED THE ONLY VIABLE SOLUTN FOR MANY OF THEM. G. STATELESS PERSONS THE UNTRY HAS A SIGNIFINT NUMBER OF HABUAL RINTS WHO ARE LEGALLY OR FACTO STATELS. IN 2015 TERNATNAL ANIZATNS TIMATED A MIMUM OF 300,000 PERSONS THE UNTRY WERE STATELS; NO MORE RECENT DATA WAS AVAILABLE. LONGSTANDG MIGRANT LABOR POPULATNS (OM MOZAMBIQUE, MALAWI, AND ZAMBIA) WHOUT DOCUMENTATN, STRICT NATNALY TRANSMISSN REGULATNS, AND FAILURE OR ABILY TO REGISTER BIRTHS NTRIBUTED TO THE UNTRY’S STATELS POPULATN. CHILDREN BORN BETWEEN 1980 AND 1996 TO A ZIMBABWEAN MOTHER BUT A FATHER WHOUT ZIMBABWEAN CIZENSHIP NNOT CLAIM ZIMBABWEAN CIZENSHIP UNLS THEY WERE BORN OUT OF WEDLOCK. THE UNED NATNS TIMATED ONLY 74 PERCENT OF BIRTHS WERE REGISTERED THE UNTRY. MOTHERS MAY REGISTER THEIR CHILD’S BIRTHS ONLY IF THE FATHER OR ANOTHER MALE RELATIVE IS PRENT. IF THE FATHER OR OTHER MALE RELATIVE REF TO REGISTER THE CHILD, THE CHILD MAY BE PRIVED OF A BIRTH CERTIFITE, WHICH LIMS THE CHILD’S ABILY TO ACQUIRE INTY DOCUMENTS, ENROLL SCHOOL, AND ACCS SOCIAL SERVIC. SECTN 3. FREEDOM TO PARTICIPATE THE POLIL PROCS ALTHOUGH THE NSTUTN PROVIS CIZENS THE ABILY TO CHOOSE THEIR ERNMENT EE AND FAIR PERDIC ELECTNS BASED ON UNIVERSAL AND EQUAL SUFAGE AND NDUCTED BY SECRET BALLOT, THIS RIGHT WAS RTRICTED. THE POLIL PROCS NTUED TO BE HEAVILY BIASED FAVOR OF THE LG ZANU-PF PARTY, WHICH DOMATED POLICS AND ERNMENT. CG ERNMENT-MANDATED LOCKDOWNS DUE TO COVID-19, THE ZIMBABWE ELECTORAL COMMISSN ON MARCH 25 ANNOUNCED THE FE SPENSN OF ALL ELECTORAL PROCS. ON JUNE 6, THE MISSN ANNOUNCED WOULD RUME SOME ACTIVI THAT DO NOT VLATE LOCKDOWN REGULATNS. SOME ELECTN-FOCED NGOS CRICIZED THE MISSN FOR FAILURE TO NSULT WH CIZENS BEFORE MAKG THE ANNOUNCEMENTS BUT ACKNOWLEDGED THE PRRIZATN OF VOTERS’ HEALTH. ELECTIONS AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION RECENT ELECTNS: MOST TERNATNAL AND LOL PENNT OBSERVERS CHARACTERIZED THE 2018 PRINTIAL, PARLIAMENTARY, AND LOL ELECTNS AS LARGELY EE OF VLENCE BUT NOT MEETG STANDARDS FOR CREDIBLE ELECTNS. THE SOUTH AIN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNY, THE AIN UNN, AND THE COMMON MARKET FOR SOUTHERN AND EASTERN AI, HOWEVER, CLARED THE ELECTNS EE AND FAIR. POLIL PARTI AND CIVIL SOCIETY ANIZATNS PLAED OF WISPREAD VOTER DISENANCHISEMENT, CLUDG OF FOREIGN-BORN AND DIASPORA VOTERS, AND THE ABILY TO PETE ON A LEVEL PLAYG FIELD. STATE MEDIA VERAGE WAS HEAVILY BIASED FAVOR OF ZANU-PF AND PROVID ALMOST NO ACCS TO OR POSIVE VERAGE OF THE OPPOSN. THERE WERE REPORTS OF VOTER TIMIDATN, CLUDG THE LLECTN OF VOTER REGISTRATN SLIPS BY PARTY AND TRIBAL LEARS TO UNRME THE SECRECY OF THE VOTE. WHILE THE LAW OBLIG TRADNAL CHIEFS TO BE IMPARTIAL, RAL AREAS TRADNAL LEARS MOBILIZED VOTERS AND NVASSED SUPPORT FOR ZANU-PF. IN RETURN, TRADNAL LEARS NTUED TO RECEIVE FARMS, VEHICL, HO, AND OTHER BENEFS. LOL NGOS ALSO REPORTED TRADNAL LEARS’ POLICIZED DISTRIBUTN OF AGRICULTURAL PUTS AND FOOD AID TO REWARD ZANU-PF SUPPORTERS AND PUNISH OPPOSN VOTERS. POLIL PARTI AND POLIL PARTICIPATN: AN UNPRECENTED NUMBER OF PRINTIAL NDIDAT (23) AND POLIL PARTI (55) NTTED THE 2018 ELECTNS. DPE THIS OPENG OF POLIL SPACE, ELEMENTS WH ZANU-PF AND THE SECURY FORC TIMIDATED AND MTED AB AGAST OTHER PARTI AND THEIR SUPPORTERS AND OBSTCTED THEIR ACTIVI. LOL NGOS REPORTED ZANU-PF YOUTH MEMBERS AND SO-LLED WAR VETERANS THREATENED MUNI WH VLENCE, REMDG THEM THE VLENCE OF THE 2008 ELECTNS WOULD RETURN IF ZANU-PF NDIDAT LOST THE 2018 ELECTNS. THE HIGH COURT, A SERI OF CISNS BEGNG MARCH, PAVED THE WAY FOR A MOR POLIL PARTY, THE MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC CHANGE-TSVANGIRAI (MDC-T) TO CHALLENGE THE LEARSHIP OF THE MA OPPOSN PARTY, THE MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC CHANGE-ALLIANCE (MDC-A), IGNORG EARLIER JURISPNCE THAT LED THAT POLIL PARTI, AS PRIVATE AND VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATNS, SHOULD ROLVE THEIR DIFFERENC G TERNAL REMEDI. THIS CISN DISENANCHISED VOTERS BY ALLOWG THE MOR POLIL PARTY TO RELL AND REPLACE ELECTED MDC-A PARLIAMENTARIANS AND LOL UNCILORS. IN JUNE POLICE AND ARY ARRTED SOME AND BLOCKED OTHER SENR MDC-A OFFICIALS OM ENTERG THE PARTY’S HEADQUARTERS WHEN MDC-T PARTY MEMBERS BROKE TO THE BUILDG. PARTICIPATN OF WOMEN AND MEMBERS OF MORY GROUPS: NO LAWS LIM PARTICIPATN OF WOMEN OR MEMBERS OF MORY GROUPS THE POLIL PROCS, AND THEY DID FULLY PARTICIPATE AS VOTERS AND NDIDAT. WOMEN REMAED LARGELY UNRREPRENTED LOL AND NATNAL POLIL OFFIC, AND MEN OVERWHELMGLY HELD MOST SENR POSNS THE PUBLIC SECTOR. FEMALE NDIDAT FACED PARTICULARLY VRLIC GENR-BASED SULTS REGARDG APPEARANCE, SEXUAL PROCLIVY, AND OTHER GENR-BASED STEREOTYP AND FACED CHALLENG WH THEIR PARTY IF NNG AGAST A MALE NDIDATE A PRIMARY. DURG THE 2018 ELECTNS, SEVERAL FEMALE MDC-A NDIDAT REPORTED SOME PARTY LEARS MAND WOMEN TO HAVE SEX WH THEM FOR THEIR NAM TO APPEAR ON THE PARTY NDIDATE LIST. THOSE WHO REFED FOUND THEIR NAM LEFT OFF THE LIST. SOME OBSERVERS BELIEVED THAT TRADNAL AND CULTURAL FACTORS LIMED THE PARTICIPATN OF WOMEN. WOMEN HELD FIVE OF 21 BET MISTER POSNS, AN CREASE OM THE PREV ELECTN 2013, BUT WELL BELOW THEIR 52 PERCENT SHARE OF THE POPULATN AND WELL BELOW THE EQUAL REPRENTATN REQUIRED BY THE NSTUTN. WOMEN HEAD THE MISTRY OF DEFENSE AND WAR VETERANS AND THE MISTRY OF YOUTH, SPORT, ARTS, AND RECREATN FOR THE FIRST TIME THE UNTRY’S HISTORY. WOMEN HELD FIVE OF 12 MISTER OF STATE POSNS. WOMEN MA UP 31 PERCENT OF THE NATNAL ASSEMBLY AND SENATE, DOWN OM 34 PERCENT 2013. IN 2018 THE SENATE ELECTED A WOMAN AS PRINT. IN ACRDANCE WH THE NSTUTN, FEMALE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FILLED ALL 60 SEATS RERVED FOR WOMEN THE NATNAL ASSEMBLY UNR A GENR-QUOTA PROVISN. SECTN 4. CORPTN AND LACK OF TRANSPARENCY GOVERNMENT THE LAW PROVIS CRIMAL PENALTI FOR NVICTN OF RPTN; HOWEVER, THE ERNMENT DID NOT IMPLEMENT THE LAW EFFECTIVELY OR IMPARTIALLY, AND OFFICIALS ENGAGED RPT PRACTIC WH IMPUNY. DPE ERNMENT PRONOUNCEMENTS, RPTN REMAED A SEVERE PROBLEM THAT EXPERTS SCRIBED AS “TCH AND RELEASE,” WHERE THE ERNMENT ARRTED SOME RPT OFFICIALS, OFTEN THOSE WHO HAVE FALLEN OUT OF FAVOR, WHOUT EVER NVICTG THEM.CORPTN: CORPTN BOTH THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS PERSISTED. THE UNTRY NTUED TO EXPERIENCE BOTH PETTY AND GRAND RPTN, FED RPECTIVELY BY TRANSPARENCY INTERNATNAL ZIMBABWE AS AN “EVERYDAY ABE OF ENTSTED POWER BY LOW- TO MID-LEVEL PUBLIC OFFICIALS” AND “AN ABE OF HIGH-LEVEL POWER BY POLIL EL.” THE NSTUTN MANDAT THE ZIMBABWE ANTIRPTN COMMISSN (ZACC) TO NDUCT RPTN VTIGATNS. IN 2019 PRINT MNANGAGWA APPOTED NE NEW MISSNERS TO THE ZACC AND GAVE THE MISSN THE POWER TO ARRT. IT DO NOT HAVE THE POWER TO PROSECUTE. IN AUGT A SEPARATE SPECIAL ANTI-CORPTN UN WAS CREATED WH THE OFFICE OF THE PRINCY. CONCERNS REMAED THAT THE ZACC PRIMARILY TARGETED HIGH-PROFILE OFFICIALS WHO HAD FALLEN OUT OF FAVOR WH PRINT MNANGAGWA AND THAT THE ERNMENT’S ANTIRPTN EFFORTS WERE HIGHLY POLICIZED. ON JULY 9, PRINT MNANGAGWA FIRED THE HEALTH AND CHILD CARE MISTER OBADIAH MOYO FOR RPTLY AWARDG A MULTI-LN-DOLLAR NTRACT OVERPAYG FOR MEDIL EQUIPMENT RELATED TO FIGHTG COVID-19. MOYO, ARRTED ON JUNE 19, WAS RELEASED ON BAIL THE NEXT DAY, UNLIKE THE JOURNALIST WHO RAISED PUBLIC AWARENS OF THE SNDAL, WHO WAS NIED BAIL FOR SIX WEEKS. AS OF DECEMBER 1, THE URTS HAD NOT SET A DATE TO HEAR MOYO’S SE. IN JUNE, ADDN TO OBADIAH MOYO, PRINT MNANGAGWA FIRED ENERGY AND POWER DEVELOPMENT MISTER FORTUNE CHASI PENDG HIS VTIGATN BY THE ZIMBABWE ANTI-CORPTN COMMISSN. AS OF DECEMBER NEHER SE NOR VTIGATN HAD NCLUD. POLICE EQUENTLY ARRTED CIZENS FOR EXPOSG RPTN WHILE IGNORG REPORTS IMPLITG HIGH-LEVEL BSPERSONS AND POLICIANS. IMPLEMENTATN OF THE ERNMENT’S REDISTRIBUTN OF EXPROPRIATED WHE-OWNED MERCIAL FARMS OFTEN FAVORED THE ZANU-PF ELE AND NTUED TO LACK TRANSPARENCY (SEE SECTN 1.F.). HIGH-LEVEL ZANU-PF OFFICIALS SELECTED NUMERO FARMS AND REGISTERED THEM THE NAM OF FAY MEMBERS TO EVA THE ERNMENT’S POLICY OF ONE FARM PER OFFICIAL. THE ERNMENT NTUED TO ALLOW DIVIDUALS ALIGNED WH TOP OFFICIALS TO SEIZE LAND NOT SIGNATED FOR ACQUISN. THE ERNMENT NDUCTED A PREHENSIVE LAND D 2018 TO REFLECT LAND OWNERSHIP ACCURATELY, BUT THE MISSN HAD NOT PLETED THE EXERCISE. LANDOWNERS NNECTED TO ZANU-PF ROUTELY SOLD LAND TO CIZENS BUT REFED TO TRANSFER OWNERSHIP OFFICIALLY OR TO VELOP THE LAND AS AGREED UPON NTRACTS. ZANU-PF OFFICIALS NTUED TO SEIZE FARMS WHOUT PENSATN THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. THE MISTRY OF FANCE MA PROGRS REMOVG UNQUALIFIED PERSONS OM THE STATE PAYROLL BY REMOVG THOANDS OF YOUTH OFFICERS OM VAR MISTRI. ACRDG TO THE MOST RECENT D, ILLIC SALARY PAYMENTS WERE MA TO LARGE NUMBERS OF PERSONS WHO WERE RETIRED, CEASED, OR OTHERWISE ABSENT OM THEIR PLACE OF EMPLOYMENT. DUPLITE PERSONALLY INTIFIABLE RMATN FIL DITED SOME PERSONS RECEIVED MULTIPLE SALARI. THE ERNMENT IMPLEMENTED A BMETRIC REGISTRATN SYSTEM FOR CIVIL SERVANTS TO RCE IMPROPER SALARY PAYMENTS. IN S 2019 REPORT, THE OFFICE OF THE AUDOR GENERAL EXPOSED RPTN, CLUDG PAYMENT FOR UNLIVERED GOODS SUCH AS MOTOR VEHICL, GENERATORS, EXVATORS, AND BMETRIC RDS. IT REPORTED THAT BETWEEN 2016 AND 2018, THE ERNMENT FAILED TO ACUNT FOR HOW SPENT $29.6 LN THE MAIZE DISTRIBUTN PORTN OF S COMMAND AGRICULTURE PROGRAM. ANECDOTAL REPORTS DITED A SIGNIFINT PORTN OF THIS TOTAL WAS LOST TO RPTN. THE DOR GENERAL ALSO REPORTED $417 LN OF ACUNTS RECEIVABLE THAT REMAED OUTSTANDG FOR EXTEND PERDS, MAKG THEIR LLECTABILY DOUBTFUL. NOTABLE S THE REPORT CLUD THE ZIMBABWE ELECTRIFITN TRANSMISSN AND DISTRIBUTN COMPANY, WHICH HAD NOT TAKEN LIVERY OF TRANSFORMERS NE YEARS AFTER MAKG A PAYMENT OF $4.9 LN TO A SUPPLIER. THE REPORT RECEIVED EXTENSIVE MEDIA VERAGE, BUT TARGETED ZANU-PF OFFICIALS DISMISSED THE REPORT AS EXAGGERATED OR FALSIFIED. THE REPORT ATTRIBUTED 80 PERCENT OF S FLAGGED NCERNS ON STATE-OWNED ENTERPRIS TO “ERNANCE ISSU.” THE REPORT ALSO EXPOSED POOR MATENANCE OF ACUNTG RERDS SOME MISTRI, WH SOME DIVERTG FUNDS FOR IMPROPER PURPOS WHILE OTHERS PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVIC NOT LIVERED. FANCIAL DISCLOSURE: THE LAW DO NOT REQUIRE ELECTED OR APPOTED OFFICIALS TO DISCLOSE E OR ASSETS. SECTN 5. GOVERNMENTAL ATTU REGARDG INTERNATNAL AND NONERNMENTAL INVTIGATN OF ALLEGED AB OF HUMAN RIGHTS A NUMBER OF DOMTIC AND TERNATNAL HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS OPERATED THE UNTRY, VTIGATG AND PUBLISHG THEIR FDGS ON HUMAN RIGHTS S. SUCH GROUPS WERE SUBJECT TO ERNMENT RTRICTNS, TERFERENCE, MONORG, NFISTN OF MATERIALS AND DOCUMENTATN, ARRT, AND OTHER FORMS OF HARASSMENT. MAJOR DOMTIC NGOS CLUD THE ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS NGO FOM, ZESN, ELECTN ROURCE CENTER, ZLHR, ZIMBABWE PEACE PROJECT, ZIMRIGHTS, ZIMBABWE LEGAL ROURC FOUNDATN, HEAL ZIMBABWE TST, WOMEN’S COALN, AND WOMEN AND MEN OF ZIMBABWE ERNMENT HARASSED NGOS BELIEVED WOULD EXPOSE AB BY ERNMENT PERSONNEL OR THAT OPPOSED ERNMENT POLICI, AND NTUED TO E ERNMENT-NTROLLED MEDIA TO DISPARAGE AND ATTACK HUMAN RIGHTS GROUPS, PECIALLY THOSE BELIEVED TO BE MUNITN WH WTERN EMBASSI OR ERNMENTS. STATE MEDIA REPORTG TYPILLY DISMISSED THE EFFORTS AND REMENDATNS OF NGOS CRIL OF ERNMENT, ACCG THE NGOS OF SEEKG REGIME CHANGE. THE UNED NATNS OR OTHER INTERNATNAL BODI: THE ERNMENT ALLOWED A UN SPECIAL RAPPORTR ON THE RIGHTS TO EEDOM OF PEACEFUL ASSEMBLY AND OF ASSOCIATN TO VIS THE UNTRY SEPTEMBER 2019. HIS REPORT WAS CRIL OF ERNMENT RPTN AND IMPUNY, AND DID NOT GENERATE A RPONSE OM ZANU-PF OFFICIALS, WHO HAVE LONG BEEN DISMISSIVE OF UN AND OTHER TERNATNAL CRICISM. GOVERNMENT HUMAN RIGHTS BODI: THE ZHRC REMAED UNRFUND BUT MANAGED TO FULFILL SOME OF S NSTUTNALLY MANDATED FUNCTNS. THE ZHRC NDUCTED PUBLIC OUTREACH THROUGHOUT THE UNTRY. THROUGH S WEBSE, A HOTLE, SOCIAL MEDIA PLATFORMS, AND MOBILE LEGAL CLICS, THE ZHRC’S HUMAN RIGHTS OFFICERS NDUCTED PUBLIC OUTREACH THROUGHOUT THE UNTRY AND ACCEPTED PLATS OM THE PUBLIC FOR VTIGATN. THE ZHRC, HOWEVER, DID NOT HAVE SUFFICIENT PERSONNEL TO VTIGATE THE NUMBER OF PLATS RECEIVED. THE ZHRC ISSUED A STATEMENT APRIL ENURAGG ALL ERNMENT OFFICIALS TO RPECT HUMAN RIGHTS WHEN ENFORCG COVID-19 LOCKDOWN PROTOLS AND URGG THE ZIMBABWE REPUBLIC POLICE TO AVOID EXCSIVE E OF FORCE AND UNWARRANTED PRIVATN OF THE RIGHTS TO PERSONAL SECURY AND LIBERTY. AS OF SEPTEMBER THE ERNMENT HAD ARRTED MORE THAN 105,000 DIVIDUALS FOR VLATG COVID-19 LOCKDOWN REGULATNS. THE ERNMENT DID NOT OVERTLY ATTEMPT TO OBSTCT THE ZHRC’S WORK OR LIBERATELY WHHOLD ROURC BASED ON THE MISSN’S CRICISM OF THE ERNMENT OR SECURY SERVIC’ ACTNS. THE NSTUTNALLY MANDATED NATNAL PEACE AND RENCILIATN COMMISSN (NPRC) NTUED S WORK. THE MISSN NSISTS OF NE MEMBERS WH OFFIC LOTED HARARE AND BULAWAYO. IN 2019 THE HIGH COURT LED TO EXTEND THE NPRC’S MANDATE TO JANUARY 2028. THE NPRC NDUCTED CLIVE, NATNWI PUBLIC DISCSNS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. SOME EVENTS WERE NDUCTED VIRTUALLY DURG THE LOCKDOWN, WHICH LIMED PARTICIPATN TO THOSE WH TER ACCS. SOME NGOS QUTNED THE MISSN’S PENNCE AND EFFECTIVENS. SECTN 6. DISCRIMATN, SOCIETAL AB, AND TRAFFICKG PERSONS WOMEN RAPE AND DOMTIC VLENCE: THE LAW CRIMALIZ SEXUAL OFFENS, CLUDG RAPE AND SPOAL RAPE, AND NVICTN IS PUNISHABLE BY LENGTHY PRISON SENTENC. NOHELS, WOMEN’S ANIZATNS STATED THAT RAPE REMAED WISPREAD, SENTENC WERE NSISTENT, AND VICTIMS WERE NOT NSISTENTLY AFFORD PROTECTN URT. THE CHAIRPERSON OF THE ZIMBABWE GENR COMMISSN REPORTED THAT AS OF NOVEMBER 2019, AN AVERAGE OF 22 WOMEN WERE RAPED DAILY. SOCIAL STIGMA AND SOCIETAL PERCEPTNS THAT RAPE WAS A “FACT OF LIFE” NTUED TO HIB REPORTG OF RAPE. IN THE SE OF SPOAL RAPE, REPORTG WAS EVEN LOWER DUE TO WOMEN’S FEAR OF LOSG ENOMIC SUPPORT OR OF REPRISAL, LACK OF AWARENS THAT SPOAL RAPE IS A CRIME, POLICE RELUCTANCE TO BE VOLVED DOMTIC DISPUT, AND BURECRATIC HURDL. MOST RAL CIZENS WERE UNFAIAR WH LAWS AGAST DOMTIC VLENCE AND SEXUAL OFFENS. A LACK OF AQUATE AND WISPREAD SERVIC FOR RAPE VICTIMS ALSO DISURAGED REPORTG. ACRDG TO AN NGO, NO ONE HAD BEEN HELD TO ACUNT FOR THE 16 REPORTED RAP BY SECURY FORC OM JANUARY THROUGH MARCH 2019 RETALIATN FOR JANUARY 2019 STAY-AWAY MONSTRATNS. FEMALE POLIL LEARS WERE TARGETED PHYSILLY OR FACED VLENT THREATS AND TIMIDATN (SEE SECTN 1.C.). CHILDREN BORN OM RAPE SUFFERED STIGMATIZATN AND MARGALIZATN. MOTHERS OF CHILDREN RULTG OM RAPE SOMETIM WERE RELUCTANT TO REGISTER THE BIRTHS, AND THEREFORE SUCH CHILDREN DID NOT HAVE ACCS TO SOCIAL SERVIC. THE ADULT RAPE CLICS PUBLIC HOSPALS HARARE AND MUTARE WERE N BY NGOS AND DID NOT RECEIVE A SIGNIFINT AMOUNT OF FANCIAL SUPPORT OM THE MISTRY OF HEALTH AND CHILD CARE. THE CLICS REPORTED RECEIVG AN AVERAGE OF 300 RAPE REFERRALS EACH YEAR OM POLICE AND NGOS. THEY ADMISTERED HIV TTS AND PROVID MEDITN FOR HIV AND OTHER SEXUALLY TRANSMTED DISEAS. ALTHOUGH POLICE REFERRED FOR PROSECUTN THE MAJORY OF REPORTED RAP OF WOMEN AND MEN WHO RECEIVED SERVIC OM THE RAPE CENTERS, VERY FEW DIVIDUALS WERE PROSECUTED. DOMTIC VLENCE REMAED A SER PROBLEM, PECIALLY TIMATE PARTNER VLENCE PERPETRATED BY MEN AGAST WOMEN. ALTHOUGH NVICTN OF DOMTIC VLENCE IS PUNISHABLE BY A SUBSTANTIAL MOARY FE AND A MAXIMUM SENTENCE OF 10 YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT, THORI GENERALLY NSIRED A PRIVATE MATTER, AND PROSECUTN WAS RARE. THE ERNMENT NTUED A PUBLIC AWARENS MPAIGN AGAST DOMTIC VLENCE. SEVERAL WOMEN’S RIGHTS GROUPS WORKED WH LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCI AND PROVID TRAG AND LERATURE ON DOMTIC VLENCE AS WELL AS SHELTERS AND UNSELG FOR WOMEN. ACRDG TO NGOS, MOST URBAN POLICE STATNS HAD TRAED OFFICERS TO AL WH VICTIMS OF DOMTIC VLENCE, BUT STATNS HAD A LIMED ABILY TO RPOND ON EVENGS AND WEEKENDS. THE LAW REQUIR VICTIMS OF ANY FORM OF VLENCE TO PRODUCE A POLICE REPORT TO RECEIVE EE TREATMENT AT ERNMENT HEALTH FACILI. THIS REQUIREMENT PREVENTED MANY RAPE VICTIMS OM RECEIVG NECSARY MEDIL TREATMENT, CLUDG POSTEXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS TO PREVENT VICTIMS OM NTRACTG HIV. NGOS OBSERVED A SIGNIFINT CREASE GENR-BASED VLENCE REPORTS DURG ERNMENT-MANDATED LOCKDOWNS DUE TO COVID-19. ONE NGO TRACKED A THREEFOLD CREASE REQUTS FOR DOMTIC VLENCE-RELATED ASSISTANCE. FEMALE GENAL MUTILATN/CUTTG (FGM/C): THERE WERE NO NATNAL STATISTICS AVAILABLE REGARDG FGM/C, BUT THE PRACTICE OF LABIAL ELONGATN REPORTEDLY OCCURRED WH “NTI” TAKG THE LEAD ON THE PROCS. OTHER HARMFUL TRADNAL PRACTIC: VIRGY TTG NTUED TO OCCUR SOME REGNS DURG THE YEAR. BREAST IRONG WAS DOCUMENTED. SEXUAL HARASSMENT: NO SPECIFIC LAW CRIMALIZ SEXUAL HARASSMENT, BUT LABOR LAW PROHIBS THE PRACTICE THE WORKPLACE. MEDIA REPORTED THAT SEXUAL HARASSMENT WAS PREVALENT UNIVERSI, WORKPLAC, AND PARLIAMENT, WHERE LEGISLATORS ROUTELY AND PUBLICLY BODY SHAMED, NAME LLED, AND BOOED FEMALE MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. FEMALE POLICIANS SEEKG PUBLIC OFFICE ALSO REPORTED SEXUAL HARASSMENT BY MALE LEARS CHARGE OF NDIDATE SELECTN POLIL PARTI (SEE SECTN 3). THE MISTRY OF WOMEN AFFAIRS, GENR, AND COMMUNY DEVELOPMENT ACKNOWLEDGED THAT LACK OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT POLICI AT HIGHER TN STUTNS WAS A MAJOR E FOR NCERN. THIS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ME AFTER A STUNT ADVOCY GROUP, THE FEMALE STUNTS NETWORK TST, PUBLISHED THE RULTS OF A 2017 SURVEY THAT REVEALED HIGH CINC OF GENR-BASED VLENCE AND SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF FEMALE STUNTS. FEMALE LLEGE STUNTS REPORTED THEY ROUTELY ENUNTERED UNWANTED PHYSIL NTACT OM MALE STUNTS, LECTURERS, AND NONAMIC STAFF, RANGG OM TOUCHG AND APPROPRIATE REMARKS TO RAPE. OF THE STUNTS TERVIEWED, 94 PERCENT DITED THEY HAD EXPERIENCED SEXUAL HARASSMENT GENERAL, 74 PERCENT DITED THEY HAD EXPERIENCED SEXUAL HARASSMENT BY MALE UNIVERSY STAFF, AND 16 PERCENT REPORTED THEY WERE RAPED BY LECTURERS OR OTHER STAFF. COERCN POPULATN CONTROL: THERE WERE NO REPORTS OF ERCED ABORTN OR VOLUNTARY STERILIZATN ON THE PART OF ERNMENT THORI. DISCRIMATN: THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR THE SAME LEGAL STAT AND RIGHTS FOR WOMEN AS FOR MEN. THE NSTUTN’S BILL OF RIGHTS, THE SECTN ON THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN, STAT THAT ALL “LAWS, CTOMS, TRADNS, AND PRACTIC THAT GE THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN NFERRED BY THIS NSTUTN ARE VOID TO THE EXTENT OF THE GEMENT.” THERE IS ALSO AN STUTNAL AMEWORK TO ADDRS WOMEN’S RIGHTS AND GENR EQUALY THROUGH THE MISTRY OF WOMEN AFFAIRS, GENR, AND COMMUNY DEVELOPMENT AND THE GENR COMMISSN, ONE OF THE PENNT MISSNS TABLISHED UNR THE NSTUTN. DPE THE APPOTMENT OF MISSNERS 2015, THE MISSN RECEIVED ONLY MIMAL FUNDG OM THE ERNMENT AND LACKED SUFFICIENT PENNCE OM THE MISTRY. THE MISSN RELEASED A STATEMENT OF NCERN MAY REGARDG THE GENRED IMPACT OF THE COVID-19-RELATED ERNMENT LOCKDOWN. THE MISSN APPEALED TO THE ERNMENT, CIVIL SOCIETY, PRIVATE SECTOR, VELOPMENT AGENCI, AND CIZENS TO ENHANCE PROTECTN SYSTEMS AND ENSURE ENOMIC REVERY PLANS CLU WOMEN, STREET CHILDREN, AND SEX WORKERS. THE LAW REGNIZ A WOMAN’S RIGHT TO OWN PROPERTY, BUT VERY FEW WOMEN OWNED PROPERTY DUE TO THE CTOMARY PRACTICE OF PATRIARCHAL HERANCE. LS THAN 20 PERCENT OF FEMALE FARMERS WERE OFFICIAL LANDOWNERS OR NAMED ON ERNMENT LEASE AGREEMENTS. DIVORCE AND ALIMONY LAWS WERE EQUABLE, BUT MANY WOMEN LACKED AWARENS OF THEIR RIGHTS, AND TRADNAL PRACTICE PROPERTY REVERTS TO THE MAN SE OF DIVORCE OR TO HIS FAY SE OF HIS ATH. A MARRIAGE LAW ENACTED 2019 AMEND AND NSOLIDATED THE UNTRY’S MARRIAGE LAWS ALIGNMENT WH THE NSTUTN. THE LAW ABOLISH CHILD MARRIAGE AND AFFORDS CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS OR MON LAW MARRIAG THE SAME REMEDI AS LEGAL MARRIAG. CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS ARE ONLY FOR HETEROSEXUAL PERSONS. THE LAW DO NOT ADDRS PROPERTY RIGHTS DURG MARRIAGE OR HERANCE FOLLOWG THE ATH OF A SPOE. WOMEN HAVE THE RIGHT TO REGISTER THEIR CHILDREN’S BIRTHS, ALTHOUGH EHER THE FATHER OR ANOTHER MALE RELATIVE MT BE PRENT. IF THE FATHER OR OTHER MALE RELATIVE REF TO REGISTER THE CHILD, THE CHILD MAY BE PRIVED OF A BIRTH CERTIFITE, WHICH LIMS THE CHILD’S ABILY TO ACQUIRE INTY DOCUMENTS, ENROLL SCHOOL, AND ACCS SOCIAL SERVIC. WOMEN AND CHILDREN WERE ADVERSELY AFFECTED BY THE ERNMENT’S FORCED EVICTNS, MOLN OF HOM AND BS, AND TAKEOVER OF MERCIAL FARMS. WIDOWS, WHEN FORCED TO RELOTE TO RAL AREAS, WERE SOMETIM “HERED” TO MARRIAG WH AN -LAW AFTER THE ATHS OF THEIR SPO. THE ERNMENT GAVE QUALIFIED WOMEN ACCS TO TRAG THE ARMED FORC AND NATNAL SERVICE, WHERE THEY OCCUPIED PRIMARILY ADMISTRATIVE POSNS. THE AIR FORCE OF ZIMBABWE HAS ONE FEMALE FIGHTER-JET PILOT, CERTIFIED 2018 CHA. IN THE ZIMBABWE DEFENSE FORC, THERE WERE TWO FEMALE BRIGADIER GENERALS APPOTED 2013 AND 2016, RPECTIVELY AND ONE FEMALE AIR MODORE APPOTED 2016. MISTER OF DEFENSE AND WAR VETERANS OPPAH MUCHGURI WAS A WOMAN. THE ERNMENT DID NOT NSISTENTLY ENFORCE THE LAWS REGARDG EQUALY. GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO IMPLEMENT LEGAL EQUALY FOR MEN AND WOMEN WERE UNRMED BY TRADNAL PRACTIC AND URTS THAT REGNIZED MALE PREROGATIV MARRIAGE, DIVORCE, CHILD CTODY, HERANCE, AND THE JUDICIAL PROCS. CHILDREN BIRTH REGISTRATN: THE 2013 NSTUTN STAT CIZENSHIP IS RIVED OM BIRTH THE UNTRY AND OM EHER PARENT, AND ALL BIRTHS ARE TO BE REGISTERED WH THE BIRTHS AND DEATHS REGISTRY. THE 2012 POPULATN CENS DATA SHOWED THAT JT ONE THREE CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN AGE FIVE POSSSED A BIRTH CERTIFITE. OF URBAN CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN AGE FIVE, 55 PERCENT POSSSED A BIRTH CERTIFITE, PARED WH 25 PERCENT OF RAL CHILDREN. LACK OF BIRTH CERTIFIT IMPED ACCS TO PUBLIC SERVIC, SUCH AS TN AND HEALTH RE, RULTG MANY CHILDREN BEG UNABLE TO ATTEND SCHOOL AND CREASG THEIR VULNERABILY TO EXPLOATN. EDUTN: THE NSTUTN STAT THAT EVERY CIZEN AND PERMANENT RINT OF THE UNTRY HAS A RIGHT TO A BASIC STATE-FUND TN BUT ADDS A VEAT THAT WHEN THE STATE PROVIS TN, “MT TAKE REASONABLE LEGISLATIVE AND OTHER MEASUR, WH THE LIMS OF THE ROURC AVAILABLE TO .” ACRDG TO THE 2012 POPULATN CENS, 87 PERCENT OF ALL CHILDREN ATTEND PRIMARY SCHOOL. SCHOOL ATTENDANCE WAS ONLY SLIGHTLY HIGHER URBAN THAN RAL AREAS, AND ENROLLMENT FOR CHILDREN OLR THAN 14 WAS CLE. URBAN AND RAL EQUY PRIMARY SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RAT DISAPPEARED AT THE SENDARY SCHOOL LEVEL. RURAL SENDARY TN ATTENDANCE (44 PERCENT) TRAILED BEHD URBAN ATTENDANCE (72 PERCENT) BY A WI MARG. MANY SCHOOLS CLOSED DURG THE YEAR DUE TO COVID-19-RELATED ERNMENT LOCKDOWNS AND TEACHER STRIK AGAST LOW WAG. GIRLS WERE MORE AT RISK OF DROPPG OUT OF SCHOOL. THE MISTRY OF PRIMARY AND SENDARY EDUTN REPORTED 2018 THAT 12.5 PERCENT OF THE TIMATED 57,500 STUNTS WHO DROPPED OUT OF SCHOOL WERE EHER PREGNANT OR NEWLY MARRIED GIRLS. IN MOST CIRCUMSTANC THE GIRLS WERE EXPELLED WHEN SCHOOL OFFICIALS BELIEVED THEY ULD NO LONGER SUPPORT THEM. IN AUGT, HOWEVER, PRINT MNANGAGWA LEGALLY BARRED ERNMENT SCHOOLS OM EXPELLG PREGNANT STUNTS TO IMPROVE GENR EQUALY CLASSROOMS. THE LEGAL AMENDMENT FORTIFI A 1999 GUILE THAT WAS SPARSELY ENFORCED THROUGHOUT THE UNTRY. ALTHOUGH IS MANDATED BY THE NSTUTN, THERE WAS A LACK OF EE BASIC TN FOR CHILDREN, CREASG THE RISK OF CHILDREN’S VOLVEMENT CHILD LABOR. IN THE PAST CHILDREN WERE REQUIRED TO ATTEND SCHOOL ONLY UP TO AGE 12, WHICH MA CHILDREN AG 12 THROUGH 15 PARTICULARLY VULNERABLE TO CHILD LABOR, EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE NOT LEGALLY PERMTED TO WORK. SCHOOL FE WERE OFTEN PROHIBIVELY EXPENSIVE AND LIMED ACCS TO TN, LEADG SOME TO LEAVE SCHOOL AND ENTER THE WORKFORCE AT A YOUNG AGE. AS OF MARCH TN IS PULSORY UNTIL THE AGE OF 16. PARENTS WHO FAILED TO SEND THEIR CHILDREN TO SCHOOL N FACE UP TO TWO YEARS PRISON. CHILD ABE: CHILD ABE, CLUDG CT, FANTICI, CHILD ABANDONMENT, AND RAPE, NTUED TO BE A SER PROBLEM, PECIALLY FOR GIRLS. DURG THE YEAR THE NGO CHILDLE REPORTED SIGNIFINT CREAS LLS RECEIVED VIA S NATNAL HELPLE, PECIALLY OM MARCH TO SEPTEMBER WHEN COVID-19-RELATED ERNMENT LOCKDOWNS WERE THE STRICTT. IN 2019 APPROXIMATELY 26 PERCENT OF ALL REPORTED S OF ABE TO CHILDLE NCERNED A CHILD WHO HAD BEEN SEXUALLY ABED, 28 PERCENT NCERNED PHYSILLY OR EMOTNALLY ABED CHILDREN, 18 PERCENT VOLVED NEGLECT, AND 7 PERCENT RELATED TO FORCED MARRIAGE. OF THE 25,000 TOTAL S, 93 PERCENT VOLVED GIRLS. THE ERNMENT MA PROGRS EFFORTS TO BAT CHILD ABE, SUCH AS OUTLAWG RPORAL PUNISHMENT FOR STUNTS AND JUVENIL, BUT IMPLEMENTATN LEGISLATN WAS LACKG. GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE FACILI THAT ADDRSED CHILD ABE WERE UNRFUND. PRINT MNANGAGWA ADD AN AMENDMENT TO THE EDUTN ACT ON AUGT 22 MAKG ILLEGAL FOR TEACHERS TO NE STUNTS. IN 2019 THE CONSTUTNAL COURT LED AGAST THE E OF RPORAL PUNISHMENT SENTENC METED OUT TO MALE JUVENIL, BUT THIS PROHIBN HAD NOT BEEN NFIRMED THROUGH LEGISLATIVE REFORM. IN 2017 THE HIGH COURT OUTLAWED RPORAL PUNISHMENT FOR CHILDREN AT SCHOOL AND HOME. THE NGO CHILDLE REPORTED A SPIKE DISTRS LLS OM MORS SCE COVID-19 LOCKDOWNS CLOSED MANY SCHOOLS AND WORKPLAC. BEFORE THE LOCKDOWN, CHILDLE RECEIVED AN AVERAGE OF 50,000 LLS PER MONTH; MAY THEY RECEIVED 75,152 LLS. CHILDLE STAFF DISCLOSED THEY RPOND TO 633 CHILD ABE S AS OF SEPTEMBER, CLUDG 321 SEXUAL ABE S. CHILD, EARLY, AND FORCED MARRIAGE: THE NSTUTN CLAR ANYONE YOUNGER THAN AGE 18 A CHILD. THE MARRIAGE LAW PROHIBS ANYONE UNRAGE OM MARRIAGE OR ENTERG A CIVIL PARTNERSHIP, AND NEW LEGISLATN ALSO CRIMALIZ ASSISTG, ENURAGG, OR PERMTG CHILD MARRIAG OR CIVIL PARTNERSHIPS. THE ERNMENT MA SIGNIFINT EFFORTS DURG THE YEAR TO BAT CHILD MARRIAGE, CLUDG DRAFTG AN UPDATED MARRIAG BILL THAT CRIMALIZ MARRYG A CHILD OR PLEDGG A CHILD TO MARRIAGE. AS OF DECEMBER THE HOE OF ASSEMBLY HAD APPROVED THE BILL AND PASSED TO THE SENATE. ACRDG TO THE 2019 MULTIPLE INDITOR CLTER SURVEY, HOWEVER, 34 PERCENT OF GIRLS WERE MARRIED BEFORE THE AGE OF 18. DPE LEGAL PROHIBNS, SOME RAL FAI AND RELIG SECTS NTUED TO FORCE GIRLS TO MARRY. CHILD WELFARE NGOS REPORTED EVINCE OF UNRAGE MARRIAG, PARTICULARLY ISOLATED RELIG MUNI OR AMONG AIDS ORPHANS WHO HAD NO RELATIV WILLG OR ABLE TO TAKE RE OF THEM. HIGH RAT OF UNEMPLOYMENT, THE DROPOUT OF GIRLS OM SCHOOL, AND THE ABILY OF FAI TO EARN A STABLE E WERE MAJOR OF CHILD MARRIAGE. FAI GAVE GIRLS OR YOUNG WOMEN TO OTHER FAI MARRIAGE TO AVENGE SPIRS, AS PENSATORY PAYMENT TERFAY DISPUT, OR TO PROVI ENOMIC PROTECTN FOR THE FAY. SOME FAI SOLD THEIR DGHTERS AS BRIS EXCHANGE FOR FOOD, AND YOUNGER DGHTERS AT TIM MARRIED THEIR CEASED OLR SISTER’S HBAND AS A “REPLACEMENT” BRI. AN NGO STUDY PUBLISHED 2014 FOUND THAT BEE OF THE CULTURAL EMPHASIS PLACED ON VIRGY, ANY LOSS OF VIRGY, REAL OR PERCEIVED, NSENSUAL OR FORCED, ULD RULT MARRIAGE, CLUDG EARLY OR FORCED MARRIAGE. IN SOME STANC FAY MEMBERS FORCED A GIRL TO MARRY A MAN BASED ON THE MERE SPICN THAT THE TWO HAD HAD SEXUAL TERURSE. THIS CULTURAL PRACTICE EVEN APPLIED S OF RAPE, AND THE STUDY FOUND NUMERO STANC WHICH FAI NCEALED RAPE BY FACILATG THE MARRIAGE BETWEEN RAPIST AND VICTIM. AS A RULT OF THE COVID-19 PANMIC, YOUNG GIRLS BEME MORE VULNERABLE TO FORCED MARRIAG. WH SCHOOLS CLOSED AND IMPOVERISHED FAI SPERATE FOR E, GIRLS WERE AT A HIGHER RISK OF BEG MARRIED OFF OR SUBJECT TO SEXUAL VLENCE. SEXUAL EXPLOATN OF CHILDREN: CONVICTN OF STATUTORY RAPE, LEGALLY FED AS SEXUAL TERURSE WH A CHILD YOUNGER THAN AGE 12, RRI A SUBSTANTIAL FE, UP TO 10 YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT, OR BOTH. A PERSON POSSSN OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY MAY BE CHARGED WH PUBLIC CENCY; NVICTNS RULT A SMALL FE, IMPRISONMENT FOR UP TO SIX MONTHS, OR BOTH. A NVICTN OF PROCURG A CHILD YOUNGER THAN AGE 16 FOR PURPOS OF ENGAGG UNLAWFUL SEXUAL NDUCT MAY RULT A SUBSTANTIAL FE, UP TO 10 YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT, OR BOTH. PERSONS CHARGED WH FACILATG THE PROSTUTN OF A CHILD OFTEN WERE ALSO CHARGED WH STATUTORY RAPE. A PARENT OR GUARDIAN NVICTED OF ALLOWG A CHILD YOUNGER THAN AGE 18 TO ASSOCIATE WH OR BEE A PROSTUTE MAY FACE UP TO 10 YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT. GIRLS OM TOWNS BORRG SOUTH AI, ZAMBIA, AND MOZAMBIQUE WERE SUBJECTED TO PROSTUTN BROTHELS THAT TERED TO LONG-DISTANCE TCK DRIVERS. INCREASG ENOMIC HARDSHIPS NTRIBUTED TO MORE GIRLS ENGAGG PROSTUTN. THE ERNMENT DID NOT EFFECTIVELY ENFORCE THE LAW. SEXUAL EXPLOATN OF CHILDREN WAS WISPREAD, AND NOT ALL PENALTI WERE MENSURATE WH THOSE FOR SIAR CRIM. THE PUBLITN AMERI: THE JU REVIEW OF FAH & CULTURE REPORTED CHILD PROSTUTN RAT THE UNTRY CREASED AS A DIRECT RULT OF THE COVID-19 PANMIC. ENOMIC DIFFICULTI LED FAI TO E THEIR UNRAGE DGHTERS AS A SOURCE OF E. MOST OF THE GIRLS ACTED AS THE HEAD OF THEIR HOEHOLD, WH EHER BEREFT OR CEASED PARENTS OR ELRLY GRANDPARENTS WHO ULD NOT WORK. THE ZIMBABWE REPUBLIC POLICE ISSUED A MEMO DURG THE YEAR ORRG POLICE OFFICERS NOT TO E PROSTUTN OR SEXUAL ACTS BY FAY MEMBERS TO SUBSIDIZE THE FAY’S E. DISPLACED CHILDREN: A 2016 UNICEF REPORT TIMATED 18 PERCENT OF CHILDREN HAD LOST ONE OR BOTH PARENTS TO AIDS AND OTHER . THE PROPORTN OF ORPHANS THE UNTRY REMAED VERY HIGH. MANY ORPHANS WERE RED FOR BY THEIR EXTEND FAY OR LIVED ON THE STREET OR HOEHOLDS HEAD BY CHILDREN. ORPHANED CHILDREN WERE MORE LIKELY TO BE ABED, NOT ENROLLED SCHOOL, SUFFER DISCRIMATN AND SOCIAL STIGMA, AND BE VULNERABLE TO FOOD SECURY, MALNUTRN, AND HIV/AIDS. SOME CHILDREN TURNED TO PROSTUTN FOR E. ORPHANED CHILDREN OFTEN WERE UNABLE TO OBTA BIRTH CERTIFIT BEE THEY ULD NOT PROVI ENOUGH RMATN REGARDG THEIR PARENTS OR AFFORD TO TRAVEL TO OFFIC THAT ISSUED BIRTH CERTIFIT. ORPHANS WERE OFTEN HOMELS. INTERNATNAL CHILD ABDUCTNS: THE UNTRY IS A PARTY TO THE 1980 HAGUE CONVENTN ON THE CIVIL ASPECTS OF INTERNATNAL CHILD ABDUCTN. SEE THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNATNAL PARENTAL CHILD ABDUCTN AT . ANTI-SEMITISM THE JEWISH MUNY NUMBERED APPROXIMATELY 150 PERSONS. THERE WERE NO REPORTS OF ANTI-SEMIC ACTS. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS SEE THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE’S TRAFFICKG PERSONS REPORT AT . PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES THE LAW PROHIBS DISCRIMATN AGAST PERSONS WH DISABILI EMPLOYMENT, ACCS TO PUBLIC PLAC, AND THE PROVISN OF SERVIC, CLUDG TN AND HEALTH RE. THE LAW DO NOT SPECIFILLY ADDRS AIR TRAVEL OR OTHER TRANSPORTATN, NOR DO SPECIFY PHYSIL, SENSORY, MENTAL, OR TELLECTUAL DISABILI. NGOS NTUED TO LOBBY TO BROAN THE LEGAL FN OF “DISABLED” TO CLU PERSONS WH ALBISM, EPILEPSY, AND OTHER NDNS. AS OF SEPTEMBER PARLIAMENT HAD NOT IMPLEMENTED ENABLG LEGISLATN TO ALIGN THE DISABLED PERSONS ACT WH THE NSTUTN, SPE A 2019 PETN OM NGOS TO DO SO. GOVERNMENT STUTNS OFTEN WERE UNRMED AND DID NOT IMPLEMENT THE LAW. THE LAW STIPULAT THAT ERNMENT BUILDGS BE ACCSIBLE TO PERSONS WH DISABILI, BUT IMPLEMENTATN WAS SLOW. THE NATNAL ASSOCIATN OF SOCIETI FOR THE CARE OF THE HANDIPPED (NASCOH) REPORTED ACCS TO JTICE URTS WAS DIFFICULT FOR PERSONS WH HEARG DISABILI DUE TO A LACK OF SIGN LANGUAGE TERPRETERS. PERSONS WH DISABILI LIVG RAL SETTGS FACED EVEN GREATER ACCS CHALLENG. POLLG OFFICIALS PERMTED PERSONS WHO REQUTED ASSISTANCE, CLUDG BLD, ILLERATE, AND ELRLY PERSONS, TO BRG AN DIVIDUAL WH THEM TO MARK THEIR BALLOTS AS THE ELECTORAL LAW REQUIR. THE NATNAL ASSOCIATN OF SOCIETI FOR THE CARE OF THE HANDIPPED (NASCOH) HELPED ENSURE PERSONS WH DISABILI HAD ACCS AT POLLG STATNS THROUGHOUT HARARE, BULAWAYO, GWE, KWEKWE, AND MUTARE DURG ELECTNS. DURG THE 2018 NATNAL ELECTNS, THE ZIMBABWE ELECTN SUPPORT NETWORK (ZESN) FOUND 97 PERCENT OF OBSERVED POLLG STATNS MA AQUATE ACMODATNS FOR PERSONS WH DISABILI, THE ELRLY, AND PREGNANT OR NURSG WOMEN. DURG 2019 AND 2020 BY-ELECTNS, ZESN AGA REPORTED AQUATE ACMODATNS FOR VOTERS. ALTHOUGH TWO SENATORS WERE ELECTED TO REPRENT PERSONS WH DISABILI, PARLIAMENT RARELY ADDRSED PROBLEMS PECIALLY AFFECTG SUCH PERSONS. PARLIAMENT DO NOT PROVI SPECIFIC LE EMS FOR PERSONS WH DISABILI THE VAR SOCIAL SERVICE MISTRY BUDGETS. MOST PERSONS HOLDG TRADNAL BELIEFS VIEWED PERSONS WH DISABILI AS BEWCHED, AND EXTREME S FAI HID CHILDREN WH DISABILI OM VISORS. RELATIV ROUTELY REFED RPONSIBILY FOR RAISG ORPHANS WH DISABILI. ACRDG TO NASCOH, THE PUBLIC NSIRED PERSONS WH DISABILI TO BE OBJECTS OF PY RATHER THAN PERSONS WH RIGHTS. NASCOH REPORTED THAT 75 PERCENT OF CHILDREN WH DISABILI HAD NO ACCS TO TN. THE ERNMENT DID NOT EFFECTIVELY ENFORCE THE LAW. THERE WERE VERY FEW ERNMENT-SPONSORED TN FACILI DITED TO PERSONS WH DISABILI. EDUTNAL STUTNS DISCRIMATED AGAST CHILDREN WH DISABILI. ESSENTIAL SERVIC, CLUDG SIGN LANGUAGE TERPRETERS, BRAILLE MATERIALS, AND RAMPS, WERE NOT AVAILABLE AND PREVENTED CHILDREN WH DISABILI OM ATTENDG SCHOOL. MANY SCHOOLS REFED TO ACCEPT CHILDREN WH CERTA DISABILI. SCHOOLS THAT ACCEPTED STUNTS WH DISABILI OFFERED VERY LTLE THE WAY OF NONAMIC FACILI FOR THOSE ACCEPTED AS PARED WH THEIR UNTERPARTS WHOUT DISABILI. MANY URBAN CHILDREN WH DISABILI OBTAED RMAL TN THROUGH PRIVATE STUTNS, BUT THE OPTNS WERE GENERALLY UNAVAILABLE FOR PERSONS WH DISABILI RAL AREAS. GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS, SUCH AS THE BASIC TN ASSISTANCE MODULE TEND TO BENEF CHILDREN WH DISABILI, FAILED TO ADDRS AQUATELY THE ROOT OF THEIR SYSTEMATIC EXCLN. WOMEN WH DISABILI FACED POUND DISCRIMATN, RULTG LIMED ACCS TO SERVIC, RCED OPPORTUNI FOR CIVIC AND ENOMIC PARTICIPATN, AND CREASED VULNERABILY TO VLENCE. PERSONS WH MENTAL DISABILI ALSO EXPERIENCED AQUATE MEDIL RE AND A LACK OF HEALTH SERVIC. THERE WERE 25 MENTAL HEALTH STUTNS, CLUDG FOUR REFERRAL CENTERS, FIVE PROVCIAL UNS AND WARDS, THREE-DAY TREATMENT FACILI, THREE OUTPATIENT FACILI, AND 10 MUNY RINTIAL FACILI THE UNTRY WH A TOTAL PACY OF MORE THAN 1,500 RINTS, ADDN TO THE THREE SPECIAL STUTNS N BY THE ZPCS FOR LONG-TERM RINTS AND THOSE NSIRED DANGERO TO SOCIETY. RINTS THE ERNMENT-N STUTNS RECEIVED CURSORY SCREENG, AND MOST WAED FOR AT LEAST ONE YEAR FOR A FULL MEDIL REVIEW. IN THE RMAL SECTOR, THE ZIMBABWE NATNAL TRADNAL HEALERS ASSOCIATN (ZINATHA) PLAYED A LARGE ROLE THE MANAGEMENT OF PSYCHOSOMATIC AND ANXIETY DISORRS. ZINATHA NDUCTED TRAG FOR S MEMBERS TO LEARN TO REFER PATIENTS WH MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS TO THE FORMAL SECTOR. A SHORTAGE OF DGS AND AQUATELY TRAED MENTAL HEALTH PROFSNALS RULTED PERSONS WH MENTAL DISABILI NOT BEG PROPERLY DIAGNOSED AND NOT RECEIVG AQUATE THERAPY. THERE WERE FEW CERTIFIED PSYCHIATRISTS WORKG PUBLIC AND PRIVATE CLICS AND TEACHG THE UNTRY. NGOS REPORTED THAT GETTG ACCS TO MENTAL HEALTH SERVIC WAS SLOW AND TRATG. THEY REPORTED PERSONS WH MENTAL DISABILI SUFFERED OM EXTREMELY POOR LIVG NDNS, DUE PART TO SHORTAG OF FOOD, WATER, CLOTHG, AND SANATN. PRISON MAT WH DISABILI FACILI N BY THE ZPCS WERE SOMETIM HELD WHOUT CHARG, PENDG PSYCHIATRIC EVALUATN. TWO DOCTORS EXAMED MAT WH PSYCHIATRIC NDNS. THE DOCTORS WERE REQUIRED TO NFIRM A MENTAL DISABILY AND REMEND AN DIVIDUAL FOR RELEASE OR RETURN TO A MENTAL STUTN. INMAT WH MENTAL DISABILI ROUTELY WAED AS LONG AS THREE YEARS FOR EVALUATN. POLLG OFFICIALS PERMTED PERSONS WHO REQUTED ASSISTANCE, CLUDG BLD, ILLERATE, AND ELRLY PERSONS, TO BRG AN DIVIDUAL WH THEM TO MARK THEIR BALLOTS AS THE ELECTORAL LAW REQUIR. NASCOH HELPED ENSURE PERSONS WH DISABILI HAD ACCS AT POLLG STATNS THROUGHOUT HARARE, BULAWAYO, GWE, KWEKWE, AND MUTARE DURG ELECTNS. DURG THE 2018 NATNAL ELECTNS, ZESN FOUND 97 PERCENT OF OBSERVED POLLG STATNS MA AQUATE ACMODATNS FOR PERSONS WH DISABILI, THE ELRLY, AND PREGNANT OR NURSG WOMEN. DURG 2019 AND 2020 BY-ELECTNS, ZESN AGA REPORTED AQUATE ACMODATNS FOR VOTERS. MEMBERS OF NATIONAL/RACIAL/ETHNIC MINORITY GROUPS ACRDG TO ERNMENT STATISTICS, THE SHONA ETHNIC GROUP MA UP 82 PERCENT OF THE POPULATN, NBELE 14 PERCENT, WH AND ASIANS LS THAN 1 PERCENT, AND OTHER ETHNIC AND RACIAL GROUPS 3 PERCENT. HISTORIL TENSN BETWEEN THE SHONA MAJORY AND THE NBELE MORY RULTED NTUED MARGALIZATN OF THE NBELE BY THE SHONA-DOMATED ERNMENT. DURG THE YEAR SENR POLIL LEARS REAED OM ATTACKG EACH OTHER ALONG ETHNIC L TO NSOLIDATE SUPPORT AHEAD OF THE BY-ELECTNS. WH THE SHONA MAJORY, THE ZEZU SUBGROUP, WHO DOMATED THE ERNMENT UNR MUGABE, REPORTEDLY HARBORED RENTMENT TOWARD THE KARANGA SUBGROUP AFTER MNANGAGWA, AN ETHNIC KARANGA, BEME PRINT. WHEN THE ZIMBABWE CATHOLIC BISHOPS’ CONFERENCE ISSUED A PASTORAL LETTER NMNG THE ERNMENT’S VLENT CRACKDOWN ON DISSENT, THE MISTER OF RMATN, WHO WAS OF SHONA SCENT, SGLED OUT THE HEAD OF THE BISHOPS’ NFERENCE, WHO WAS OF NBELE SCENT, AND ACCED HIM OF STOKG A “RWANDA-TYPE GENOCI.” SOME ERNMENT OFFICIALS NTUED TO BLAME THE UNTRY’S ENOMIC AND POLIL PROBLEMS ON THE WHE MORY AND WTERN UNTRI. POLICE SELDOM ARRTED ERNMENT OFFICIALS OR CHARGED THEM WH GG UPON MORY RIGHTS, PARTICULARLY THE PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE MORY WHE MERCIAL FARMERS OR WILDLIFE NSERVANCY OWNERS, WHO NTUED TO BE TARGETED LAND REDISTRIBUTN PROGRAMS WHOUT PENSATN. ACTS OF VIOLENCE, CRIMINALIZATION, AND OTHER ABUSES BASED ON SEXUAL ORIENTATION AND GENDER IDENTITY ACRDG TO THE CRIMAL , “ANY ACT VOLVG PHYSIL NTACT BETWEEN MEN THAT WOULD BE REGARD BY A REASONABLE PERSON TO BE AN CENT ACT” RRI A PENALTY IF NVICTED OF UP TO ONE YEAR PRISON OR A SUBSTANTIAL FE. THERE WERE NO KNOWN S OF PROSECUTNS OF NSENSUAL SAME-SEX SEXUAL NDUCT. MEMBERS OF GAYS AND LBIANS OF ZIMBABWE (GALZ), THE PRIMARY ANIZATN DITED TO ADVANCG THE RIGHTS OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENR, AND TERSEX (LGBTI) PERSONS, EXPERIENCED HARASSMENT AND DISCRIMATN AGAST MEMBERS SEEKG EMPLOYMENT AND HEALTH SERVIC. TRANSSMART, ANOTHER ACTIVE LGBTI GROUP, REPORTED THEIR MEMBERS BELIEVED THEY WERE UNSAFE AND UNWELE CHURCH DUE TO EPLY HELD RELIG AND SOCIAL STIGMAS SOCIETY. THERE IS NO LEGAL OPTN TO CHANGE GENR PRONOUNS ON STATE INTY RDS, CREATG INTIFITN AND TRAVEL DIFFICULTI FOR TRANSGENR PERSONS. THE MISMATCH BETWEEN GENR PRENTATN AND INTIFITN PRONOUNS N LEAD STATE OFFICIALS, POLICE, AND POTENTIAL EMPLOYERS TO BELIEVE THE DIVIDUAL IS MTG INTY THEFT, SOMETIM LEADG TO CRIMAL ARRT. GALZ REPORTED S MEMBERSHIP HAD MORE THAN DOUBLED SCE 2015. THE GROUP NOTED A CLE THE ARRT AND TENTN OF LGBTI MUNY MEMBERS BUT REPORTED HALF OF GAY MEN HAD BEEN PHYSILLY ASSLTED AND 64 PERCENT HAD BEEN DISOWNED BY THEIR FAI. OF LBIANS, 27 PERCENT REPORTED HARASSMENT, ASSLT, OR DISOWNMENT. LGBTI PERSONS WERE VULNERABLE TO BLACKMAIL BEE OF THE CRIMALY AND STIGMA ASSOCIATED WH SAME-SEX NDUCT. LGBTI ADVOCY ANIZATNS REPORTED BLACKMAIL AND BEG “OUTED” AS TWO OF THE MOST MON FORMS OF REPRSN OF LGBTI PERSONS. IT WAS MON FOR BLACKMAILERS TO THREATEN TO REVEAL ONE’S SEXUAL INTY TO POLICE, THE CHURCH, EMPLOYERS, OR FAY IF THE VICTIM REFED TO RENR PAYMENT. ACRDG TO GALZ, LGBTI PERSONS OFTEN LEFT SCHOOL AT AN EARLY AGE DUE TO DISCRIMATN. HIGHER-TN STUTNS REPORTEDLY THREATENED TO EXPEL STUNTS BASED ON THEIR SEXUAL ORIENTATN. MEMBERS OF THE LGBTI MUNY ALSO HAD HIGHER RAT OF UNEMPLOYMENT AND HOMELSNS. GALZ REPORTED THAT MANY PERSONS WHO INTIFIED THEMSELV AS LGBTI DID NOT SEEK MEDIL RE FOR SEXUALLY TRANSMTED DISEAS OR OTHER HEALTH PROBLEMS DUE TO FEAR THAT HEALTH-RE PROVIRS WOULD SHUN THEM OR REPORT THEM TO THORI. PUBLIC MEDIL SERVIC DID NOT OFFER HORMONE THERAPY OR GENR-NFIRMATN SURGERI TO THE TRANSGENR AND TERSEX MUNY. A SMALL NUMBER OF PRIVATE CLICS PROVID TTOSTERONE THERAPY, BUT PATIENTS SEEKG TROGEN THERAPY WERE REQUIRED TO PURCHASE AND SELF-ADMISTER THE MEDIC PRIVATELY OR TRAVEL TO NEIGHBORG UNTRI WHERE TREATMENT WAS AVAILABLE. SOME PARENTS TREATED THEIR CHILDREN’S INTY AS AN TELLECTUAL DISABILY AND FORCED TRANSGENR YOUTH TO MENTAL HEALTH STUTNS. HIV AND AIDS SOCIAL STIGMA THE ERNMENT HAS A NATNAL HIV/AIDS POLICY THAT PROHIBS DISCRIMATN AGAST PERSONS WH HIV OR AIDS, AND THE LAW PROHIBS DISCRIMATN AGAST WORKERS WH HIV OR AIDS THE PRIVATE SECTOR AND PARASTATALS. DPE THE PROVISNS, SOCIETAL DISCRIMATN AGAST PERSONS WH HIV OR AIDS REMAED A PROBLEM. LOL NGOS REPORTED PERSONS AFFECTED BY HIV OR AIDS FACED DISCRIMATN HEALTH SERVIC, TN, AND EMPLOYMENT. ALTHOUGH THERE WAS AN ACTIVE RMATN MPAIGN TO STIGMATIZE HIV/AIDS BY TERNATNAL AND LOL NGOS, THE MISTRY OF HEALTH AND CHILD WELFARE, AND THE NATNAL AIDS COUNCIL, SUCH OSTRACISM AND CRICISM NTUED. IN THE 2015 DEMOGRAPHIC HEALTH SURVEY, 22 PERCENT OF WOMEN AND 20 PERCENT OF MEN REPORTED THEY HELD DISCRIMATORY ATTUS TOWARDS THOSE WH HIV OR AIDS. APPROXIMATELY 6 PERCENT OF WOMEN AND 9 PERCENT OF MEN OPED THAT CHILDREN WH HIV OR AIDS SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO ATTEND SCHOOL WH CHILDREN WHOUT THE VIS. APPROXIMATELY 40 PERCENT OF SEX WORKERS WH HIV OR AIDS SAID THEY AVOID SEEKG HEALTH RE DUE TO STIGMA AND DISCRIMATN. APPROXIMATELY 6 PERCENT OF DIVIDUALS WH HIV OR AIDS REPORTED BEG NIED SOME FORM OF HEALTH RE DUE TO THEIR POSIVE STAT. PROMOTION OF ACTS OF DISCRIMINATION GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO DISCRIMATE AGAST WHE FARMERS BY SEIZG FARMLAND DIMISHED BUT DID NOT CEASE. THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ERNMENT-NTROLLED MEDIA DID NOT VILIFY WHE CIZENS OR BLAME THEM FOR THE UNTRY’S PROBLEMS, AS WAS MON PRACTICE UNR FORMER PRINT MUGABE. NEVERTHELS, SOME FARM SEIZUR NTUED. SECTN 7. WORKER RIGHTS A. FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND THE RIGHT TO COLLECTIVE BARGAINING THE LAW PROVIS FOR THE RIGHT OF PRIVATE-SECTOR WORKERS TO FORM AND JO UNNS, NDUCT LEGAL STRIK, AND BARGA LLECTIVELY. OTHER PROVISNS OF LAW, AS WELL AS THE ERNMENT’S APPLITN OF THE LAW, ABROGATED THE RIGHTS. PUBLIC-SECTOR WORKERS MAY NOT FORM OR JO TRA UNNS BUT MAY FORM ASSOCIATNS THAT BARGA LLECTIVELY AND STRIKE. THE LAW PROHIBS ANTIUNN DISCRIMATN, PROVIS THAT THE LABOR URT HANDLE PLATS OF SUCH DISCRIMATN, AND MAY DIRECT RESTATEMENT OF WORKERS FIRED DUE TO SUCH DISCRIMATN. THE LAW PROVIS FOR THE REGISTRAR OF THE MISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE TO SUPERVISE THE ELECTN OF OFFICERS OF WORKERS’ AND EMPLOYERS’ ANIZATNS, TO NCEL OR POSTPONE ELECTNS, AND TO CHANGE THE VENUE OF AN ELECTN. THE LAW ALSO GRANTS THE MISTER EXTENSIVE POWERS TO REGULATE UNN ACTIVI SUCH AS LLECTG DU AND PAYG STAFF SALARI, AND TO MAKE CISNS NCERNG THE EQUIPMENT AND PROPERTY THAT MAY BE PURCHASED BY TRA UNNS. THE MISTER HAS THE THORY TO VETO LLECTIVE BARGAG AGREEMENTS PERCEIVED TO BE HARMFUL TO THE ENOMY AS WELL AS TO APPOT AN VTIGATOR WHO MAY, WHOUT PRR NOTICE, ENTER TRA UNN PREMIS, QUTN ANY EMPLOYEE, AND SPECT AND PY ANY BOOKS, RERDS, OR OTHER DOCUMENTS. THE LAW EMPOWERS THE MISTER TO ORR AN VTIGATN OF A TRA UNN OR EMPLOYERS’ ANIZATN AND TO APPOT AN ADMISTRATOR TO N S AFFAIRS. THE LAW SIGNIFINTLY LIMS THE RIGHT TO STRIKE. STRIK ARE LIMED TO DISPUT REGARDG WORK ISSU. THE LAW PROVIS THAT A MAJORY OF THE EMPLOYE MT AGREE TO STRIKE BY VOTG A SECRET BALLOT. STRIKE PROCRE REQUIREMENTS CLU A MANDATORY 30-DAY RENCILIATN PERD AND REFERRAL TO BDG ARBRATN ( SENTIAL SERVIC AND NONSENTIAL SERVIC WHERE THE PARTI AGREE OR WHERE THE DISPUTE VOLV RIGHTS). FOLLOWG AN ATTEMPT TO ROLVE A DISPUTE OF TERT AND A LABOR OFFICER’S ISSUANCE OF A CERTIFITE OF NO SETTLEMENT, THE PARTY PROPOSG A LLECTIVE JOB ACTN MT PROVI 14 DAYS’ WRTEN NOTICE OF TENT TO RORT TO SUCH ACTN, CLUDG SPECIFYG THE GROUNDS FOR THE TEND ACTN, ORR TO LL A STRIKE LEGALLY. NO PROVISNS PROHIB EMPLOYERS OM HIRG REPLACEMENT WORKERS THE EVENT OF A STRIKE. POLICE AND ARMY MEMBERS ARE THE ONLY LEGALLY REGNIZED SENTIAL SERVIC EMPLOYE AND MAY NOT STRIKE, BUT THE LAW ALLOWS THE MISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE TO CLARE ANY NONSENTIAL SERVICE AN SENTIAL SERVICE IF A STRIKE IS EMED A DANGER TO THE POPULATN. THE LAW ALSO ALLOWS EMPLOYERS TO SUE WORKERS FOR LIABILY DURG UNLAWFUL STRIK, WH PENALTI FOR NVICTN THAT CLU F, UP TO FIVE YEARS’ IMPRISONMENT, OR BOTH. COLLECTIVE BARGAG AGREEMENTS APPLIED TO ALL WORKERS AN DTRY, NOT JT UNN MEMBERS. COLLECTIVE BARGAG TAK PLACE AT THE ENTERPRISE AND DTRY LEVELS. AT THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL, WORK UNCILS NEGOTIATE LLECTIVE AGREEMENTS, WHICH BEE BDG IF APPROVED BY 50 PERCENT OF THE WORKERS THE BARGAG UN. INDTRY-LEVEL BARGAG TAK PLACE WH THE AMEWORK OF THE NATNAL EMPLOYMENT COUNCILS (NECS). UNNS REPRENTG AT LEAST 50 PERCENT OF THE WORKERS MAY BARGA WH THE THORIZATN OF THE MISTER OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE. THE LAW ENURAG THE CREATN OF EMPLOYEE-NTROLLED WORKERS’ MTE ENTERPRIS WHERE LS THAN 50 PERCENT OF WORKERS ARE UNNIZED. WORKERS’ MTE EXISTED PARALLEL WH TRA UNNS. THEIR ROLE IS TO NEGOTIATE SHOP FLOOR GRIEVANC, WHILE THAT OF THE TRA UNNS IS TO NEGOTIATE DTRY-LEVEL PROBLEMS, NOTABLY WAG. TRA UNNS REGARD THE EXISTENCE OF SUCH A PARALLEL BODY AS AN ARRANGEMENT THAT ALLOWS EMPLOYERS TO UNRME THE ROLE OF UNNS. FOR A LLECTIVE BARGAG AGREEMENT TO GO TO EFFECT, THE MISTRY MT ANNOUNCE , TH GIVG THE MISTER THE POWER TO VETO THE AGREEMENT. THE LABOR AMENDMENT ACT EXPANDS THE MISTER’S POWER TO VETO A LLECTIVE BARGAG AGREEMENT IF THE MISTER EMS TO BE “NTRARY TO PUBLIC TERT.” WORKERS AND EMPLOYERS AT THE ENTERPRISE LEVEL ALSO MAY E TO A BDG AGREEMENT OUTSI OF THE OFFICIAL AMEWORK. DPE THIS PROVISN, THE MISTRY ULD BLOCK FELY ANY LLECTIVE BARGAG AGREEMENT THAT WAS NOT ANNOUNCED OFFICIALLY. ALTHOUGH THE LAW DO NOT PERM NATNAL CIVIL SERVANTS TO BARGA LLECTIVELY, THE APEX COUNCIL, A GROUP OF PUBLIC SERVICE ASSOCIATNS, REPRENTED CIVIL SERVANTS JOB-RELATED NEGOTIATNS WH THE PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSN. THE APEX COUNCIL, REPRENTG 14 ERNMENT HEALTH-RE UNNS, CLARED A STRIKE ON JUNE 18 MANDG THAT THE ERNMENT RAISE SALARI TO OCTOBER 2018 LEVELS, PAY SALARI U.S. DOLLARS, AND PROVI AQUATE PPE THE WAKE OF THE COVID-19 PANMIC. LIKEWISE, THE PROGRSIVE TEACHERS UNN OF ZIMBABWE, THE LARGT TEACHERS UNN THE UNTRY, BEGAN A STRIKE ON SEPTEMBER 21 TO MAND HIGHER WAG AND AQUATE PPE. NURS ULTIMATELY REACHED AN AGREEMENT WH THE HEALTH SERVIC BOARD ON SEPTEMBER 9 TO END THEIR STRIKE. THE AGREEMENT LLED FOR NURS TO WORK TWO DAYS A WEEK TO RCE EXPOSURE TO COVID-19 AND AS A PROMISE REGARDG NURS’ SALARY MANDS. VICE PRINT CHIWENGA ANNOUNCED AN END TO FLEXIBLE WORKG NDNS AND A RETURN TO A FIVE-DAY WORKWEEK FOR NURS ON OCTOBER 23. THE TEACHERS STRIKE NTUED AS OF MID-NOVEMBER. THE MISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE DID NOT EFFECTIVELY ENFORCE THE LAWS. PENALTI WERE NOT MENSURATE WH THOSE FOR OTHER VLATNS OF CIVIL RIGHTS. THOSE CHARGED WH VLATG THE LAW WERE SUBJECT TO LENGTHY ADMISTRATIVE LAYS AND APPEALS. THE ERNMENT DID NOT RPECT WORKERS’ RIGHT TO FORM OR JO UNNS, STRIKE, AND BARGA LLECTIVELY. PARLIAMENT ENACTED A BILL TABLISHG THE TRIPARTE NEGOTIATG FOM (TNF) 2019 TO FORMALIZE DIALOGUE EFFORTS AMONG ERNMENT, LABOR LEARS, AND EMPLOYERS TO DISCS SOCIAL AND ENOMIC POLICY AND ADDRS WORKER MANDS. THE FOM MET ONCE DURG THE YEAR. THE ZIMBABWE CONGRS OF TRA UNNS (ZCTU) STATED THE TNF HAD DONE LTLE TO ADDRS S WORKERS’ MANDS FOR WAGE CREAS AND LABOR LAW REFORM, AND THE ERNMENT SHOWED LTLE PROGRS SUPPORTG WORKERS’ PROTECTNS, FAIRNS, AND PEACEFUL ROLUTN OF LABOR DISPUT. GOVERNMENT TERFERENCE WH TRA UNN ACTIVY WAS MON. POLICE AND STATE TELLIGENCE SERVIC REGULARLY ATTEND AND MONORED TRA UNN ACTIVI SUCH AS MEETGS. POLICE OR ZANU-PF SUPPORTERS SOMETIM PREVENTED UNNS OM HOLDG MEETGS WH THEIR MEMBERS AND RRYG OUT ANIZATNAL ACTIVI. IN JULY THE ZIMBABWE REPUBLIC POLICE PUBLISHED A LIST OF 14 PROMENT ERNMENT CRICS WANTED FOR QUTNG, CLUDG THE PRINTS OF THE ZCTU AND THE AMALGAMATED RURAL TEACHERS UNN OF ZIMBABWE (ARTUZ), REGARDG PLANNED ANTIRPTN MONSTRATNS ON JULY 31. IN THE LEAD-UP TO THE PLANNED PROTTS, THE ZCTU PRINT ACCED STATE SECURY AGENTS OF SLASHG HIS R TIR AND UNSUCCSFULLY TRYG TO ABDUCT HIS RELATIV. THE ARTUZ PRINT ALLEGED ARMED SPECTS NONTED OCCUPANTS HIS HOME AND THE HOME OF A RELATIVE, MANDG TO KNOW HIS WHEREABOUTS. SOME UNN LEARS REMAED HIDG AS OF DECEMBER. ALTHOUGH THE LAW DO NOT REQUIRE UNNS TO NOTIFY POLICE OF PUBLIC GATHERGS, POLICE MAND SUCH NOTIFITN. UNR THE LAW THE ERNMENT ULD FE AND IMPRISON UNN MEMBERS FOR ANIZG AN ILLEGAL STRIKE. WHEN UNNS EXERCISED THEIR RIGHT TO STRIKE, THE ERNMENT OFTEN MET THEIR EFFORTS WH VLENCE AND EXCSIVE FORCE. POLICE ARRTED THREE ARTUZ MEMBERS FOLLOWG A JUNE 22 PROTT MASVGO TO MAND CREASED SALARI PAID U.S. DOLLARS. POLICE ALSO ARRTED 13 NURS AT HARARE CENTRAL HOSPAL ON JULY 6 AND CHARGED THEM WH NTRAVENG COVID-19 LOCKDOWN REGULATNS; PHOTOGRAPHS OF POLICE HOLDG CLUBS AND CHASG UNIFORMED NURS CIRCULATED WILY ON SOCIAL MEDIA. AT THE 108TH SSN OF THE INTERNATNAL LABOR ORGANIZATN’S (ILO) NFERENCE 2019, THE COMMTEE ON THE APPLITN OF STANDARDS NOTED NCERN REGARDG SER VLATNS OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS BY ERNMENT SECURY FORC, CLUDG A CLEAR PATTERN OF TIMIDATN, ARRTS, TENTNS, VLENCE, AND TORTURE OF UNN AND OPPOSN MEMBERS. THE MTEE ALSO NOTED PERSISTENT ALLEGATNS OF VLATNS OF THE RIGHTS OF EEDOM OF ASSEMBLY OF WORKERS’ ANIZATNS. THE MTEE URGED THE ERNMENT TO ACCEPT AN ILO DIRECT NTACTS MISSN TO ASSS PROGRS BEFORE THE NEXT NFERENCE. AFTER IAL RISTANCE, THE ILO PERSUAD THE ERNMENT TO SUPPORT A DIRECT NTACTS MISSN, WHICH WAS ORIGALLY SCHLED FOR MAY BUT WAS POSTPONED DUE TO COVID-19. ULTIMATELY, HOWEVER, THE ERNMENT DID NOT ACCEPT THE DIRECT NTACTS MISSN. B. PROHIBITION OF FORCED OR COMPULSORY LABOR THE LAW PROHIBS FORCED OR PULSORY LABOR, CLUDG BY CHILDREN, WH EXCEPTNS FOR WORK FOR THE NATNAL YOUTH SERVICE AND FORCED PRISON LABOR. PENALTI WERE NOT MENSURATE WH THOSE FOR PARABLE CRIM. THE LAWS AGAST FORCED LABOR WERE NEHER EFFECTIVELY NOR SUFFICIENTLY ENFORCED. FORCED LABOR OCCURRED AGRICULTURE, MG, STREET VENDG, AND DOMTIC SERVU. THE FULL EXTENT OF THE PROBLEM WAS UNKNOWN. THE LAW DO NOT CLEARLY FE HUMAN TRAFFICKG CRIM AND REQUIR PROOF THAT TRAFFICKERS TRANSPORTED VICTIMS, FURTHER LIMG THE NUMBER OF CRIM CLASSIFIED AS HUMAN TRAFFICKG. THE ERNMENT MA MORATE ADVANCEMENTS EFFORTS TO BAT HUMAN TRAFFICKG. THE ERNMENT ADOPTED A NATNAL ACTN PLAN TO BAT TRAFFICKG, AND THE ERNMENT NTUED TO VTIGATE AND PROSECUTE TRAFFICKERS, TO TRA LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE JUDICIARY, TO INTIFY AND REFER VICTIMS, AND TO NDUCT AWARENS-RAISG ACTIVI. UNR A COVID-19 AMNTY PROGRAM TO RCE PRISON POPULATNS, THE ERNMENT RELEASED A NVICTED HUMAN TRAFFICKER AFTER SERVG ONLY TWO YEARS OF A 20-YEAR SENTENCE. ALSO SEE THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE’S TRAFFICKG PERSONS REPORT AT . C. PROHIBITION OF CHILD LABOR AND MINIMUM AGE FOR EMPLOYMENT THE LAW FULLY PROHIBS THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR. THE LAW SETS THE MIMUM AGE FOR LIGHT WORK AT AGE 12 AND FOR APPRENTICHIP AT 16. THE LAW CLAR VOID AND UNENFORCEABLE FORMAL APPRENTICHIP NTRACTS ENTERED TO BY CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN AGE 18 WHOUT THE ASSISTANCE OF A GUARDIAN. THE LAW FURTHER STAT THAT NO PERSON YOUNGER THAN AGE 18 SHALL PERFORM ANY WORK LIKELY TO JEOPARDIZE THAT PERSON’S HEALTH, SAFETY, OR MORALS. THE DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL WELFARE THE MISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE IS RPONSIBLE FOR ENFORCG CHILD LABOR LAWS, BUT THE PARTMENT DID NOT EFFECTIVELY ENFORCE THE LAWS. PENALTI WERE NOT MENSURATE WH THOSE FOR PARABLE SER CRIM. AS A RULT OF COVID-19’S NEGATIVE IMPACT ON THE ENOMY AND WORSENG ENOMIC NDNS, MORE CHILDREN WORKED TO SUPPLEMENT FAY . CHILDREN PARTICIPATED HAZARDO ACTIVI OR OTHER WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR AGRICULTURE (CLUDG SMALL-SLE SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE, SUGARNE, AND TOBAC, THE LATTER CED BY NGOS AS POSG SIGNIFINTLY ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS FOR CHILD WORKERS), DOMTIC SERVIC, PROSTUTN, STREET BEGGG, RMAL TRADG, AND ARTISANAL GOLD MG. WORKG CHILDREN OFTEN FACED HAZARDS TO THEIR HEALTH AND SAFETY AND LACKED NECSARY EQUIPMENT AND TRAG. WORKG ON FARMS EXPOSED CHILDREN TO BAD WEATHER, DANGERO CHEMILS, AND THE E OF HEAVY MACHERY. MOST CHILDREN VOLVED MG WORKED FOR THEMSELV, A FAY MEMBER, OR SOMEONE THE MUNY. EXPOSURE TO HAZARDO MATERIALS, PARTICULARLY MERCURY, TOOK PLACE THE RMAL MG SECTOR. SOME EMPLOYERS DID NOT PAY WAG TO CHILD DOMTIC WORKERS, CLAIMG THEY WERE ASSISTG A CHILD OM A RAL HOME BY PROVIDG ROOM AND BOARD. SOME EMPLOYERS PAID WH GOODS STEAD OF SH, WHILE OTHERS PAID THE PARENTS FOR A CHILD’S WORK. SEE THE DEPARTMENT OF LABOR’S FDGS ON THE WORST FORMS OF CHILD LABOR AT . D. DISCRIMINATION WITH RESPECT TO EMPLOYMENT AND OCCUPATION THE LAW PROHIBS EMPLOYMENT OR OCCUPATNAL DISCRIMATN BASED ON RACE, LOR, GENR, TRIBE, POLIL OPN, CREED, PLACE OF ORIG, DISABILY, HIV STAT, AND PREGNANCY. THE LAW DO NOT EXPRSLY PROHIB EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMATN BASED ON AGE, LANGUAGE, CIZENSHIP, SOCIAL ORIG, SEXUAL ORIENTATN, GENR INTY, OR NON-HIV-RELATED MUNIBLE DISEAS. THE ERNMENT DID NOT EFFECTIVELY ENFORCE THE LAW. DISCRIMATN EMPLOYMENT AND OCCUPATN OCCURRED WH RPECT TO RACE, GENR, DISABILY, SEXUAL ORIENTATN (SEE SECTN 6), AND POLIL AFFILIATN FOR CIVIL SERVANTS. THE NSTUTN PROVIS FOR THE SAME LEGAL STAT AND RIGHTS FOR WOMEN AS FOR MEN. LABOR LEGISLATN PROHIBS SEXUAL HARASSMENT THE WORKPLACE, AND AN EMPLOYER MAY BE HELD LIABLE FOR CIVIL REMEDI IF FOUND TO BE VLATN OF PROVISNS AGAST “UNFAIR LABOR PRACTIC,” CLUDG SEXUAL HARASSMENT. THE LAW DO NOT SPECIFY PENALTI FOR NVICTN OF SUCH VLATNS. WOMEN MONLY FACED SEXUAL HARASSMENT THE WORKPLACE (SEE SECTN 6). IT WAS UNKNOWN IF THERE WERE FORMAL PLATS OF WAGE DISCRIMATN FILED WH THE MISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE; HOWEVER, WOMEN’S SALARI LAGGED BEHD THOSE OF MEN MOST SECTORS, AND WOMEN FACED DISCRIMATN ON THE BASIS OF GENR WHEN SEEKG MATERNY LEAVE PROVID FOR BY LAW AND OTHER GENR-BASED BENEFS. THE ERNMENT DID NOT RPOND TO TERNATNAL ANIZATNS’ REQUTS FOR RMATN ON THE CRERIA ED TO EVALUATE NDIDAT FOR PUBLIC-SECTOR EMPLOYMENT OR THE MEASUR TAKEN TO ENSURE MEN AND WOMEN RECEIVE EQUAL REMUNERATN FOR EQUAL WORK AND TO MONOR OTHER GENR DISPARI. UNNS EXPRSED THEIR NCERN REGARDG WAGE DISPARY BETWEEN MANAGEMENT AND EMPLOYE. THERE WAS A RELATIVE LACK OF WOMEN CISN-MAKG POSNS, SPE A NSTUTNAL REQUIREMENT FOR EQUAL REPRENTATN OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN ALL STUTNS AND AGENCI OF ERNMENT AT EVERY LEVEL. EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMATN AGAST MIGRANT WORKERS OCCURRED, PECIALLY THOSE EMPLOYED THE RMAL SECTOR. PERSONS WH HIV, AIDS, AND ALBISM FACED DISCRIMATN EMPLOYMENT. EMPLOYERS DISCRIMATED AGAST MEMBERS OF MORY ETHNIC GROUPS WHOM THEY OFTEN PERCEIVED AS OPPOSN SUPPORTERS. PERSONS WH DISABILI FACED SOCIAL AND EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMATN AND LACK OF ACCS TO MANY WORKPLAC. MEMBERS OF TRA UNNS AND WORKERS MTE OFTEN PERCEIVED THAT ADVERSE EMPLOYMENT ACTN TARGETED THEM AND THAT WORKERS FEARED THE NSEQUENC OF PARTICIPATG TRA UNNS OR WORKERS MTE. LGBTI PERSONS FACED DISCRIMATN EMPLOYMENT. IT WAS UNKNOWN WHETHER THERE WERE OFFICIAL REPORTS OF DISCRIMATN AGAST MIGRANT LABORERS THE FORMAL SECTOR. E. ACCEPTABLE CONDITIONS OF WORK LABOR LAW DO NOT DIFFERENTIATE AMONG WORKERS BASED ON SECTOR OR DTRY. THE LABOR LAW DO NOT APPLY TO THE RMAL SECTOR, WHICH WAS TIMATED TO CLU MORE THAN 90 PERCENT OF THE LABOR FORCE. THE LAW APPLI TO MIGRANT LABORERS IF THEY ARE THE FORMAL SECTOR. THE NECS SET THE MIMUM WAGE FOR ALL DTRIAL SECTORS THROUGH A BIPARTE AGREEMENT BETWEEN EMPLOYERS AND LABOR UNNS. THE MIMUM WAGE, WHEN PAID, SELDOM EXCEED THE POVERTY LE DUE TO THE SPEED OF FLATN. EMPLOYERS PAID MANY AGRICULTURAL AND DOMTIC WORKERS BELOW MIMUM WAGE. MANY PUBLIC SERVANTS EARNED SALARI THAT PUT THEM BELOW THE POVERTY LE DUE TO RAMPANT FLATN AND CURRENCY PRECIATN. THE LAW DO NOT PROVI FOR A STANDARD WORKWEEK, BUT PRCRIB A MIMUM OF ONE 24-HOUR NTUO RT PERD PER WEEK. UNNS AND EMPLOYERS EACH SECTOR NEGOTIATE THE MAXIMUM LEGAL WORKWEEK. NO WORKER MAY WORK MORE THAN 12 NTUO HOURS. THE LAW PRCRIB THAT WORKERS RECEIVE NOT LS THAN TWICE THEIR STANDARD REMUNERATN FOR WORKG ON A PUBLIC HOLIDAY OR ON THEIR RT DAY. THE LAW PROVIS WORKERS PAID PUBLIC HOLIDAYS AND ANNUAL LEAVE UPON ONE YEAR OF SERVICE WH AN EMPLOYER. THERE WAS LTLE OR NO ENFORCEMENT OF THE WORK HOURS LAW, PARTICULARLY FOR AGRICULTURAL AND DOMTIC WORKERS. ALTHOUGH WORKERS WERE GENERALLY UNLIKELY TO PLA TO THORI OF VLATNS DUE TO FEAR OF LOSG THEIR JOBS, SOME EXCEPTNS OCCURRED. THE MISTRY OF PUBLIC SERVICE, LABOR, AND SOCIAL WELFARE IS RPONSIBLE FOR ENFORCG THE MIMUM WAGE AND WORK HOURS LAWS FOR EACH SECTOR. THE ERNMENT DID NOT EFFECTIVELY ENFORCE THE LAWS. THE NUMBER OF LABOR SPECTORS WAS SUFFICIENT TO ENFORCE LABOR LAWS, CLUDG THOSE VERG CHILDREN. THE ZIMBABWE OCCUPATNAL SAFETY COUNCIL, A QUASI-ERNMENTAL ADVISORY BODY TO THE NATNAL SOCIAL SECURY AUTHORY, REGULATED WORKG NDNS. STAFFG SHORTAG, AS WELL AS S STAT AS AN ADVISORY UNCIL, MA LARGELY EFFECTIVE. THE LAW PERMS UNANNOUNCED SPECTNS. PENALTI FOR VLATNS OF WAGE OR HOURS-OF-WORK RTRICTNS WERE NOT MENSURATE WH PENALTI FOR PARABLE OFFENS. PENALTI FOR OCCUPATNAL SAFETY AND HEALTH VLATNS WERE NSISTENT AND FALL WH THE JURISDICTN OF NUMERO MISTRI. THE ERNMENT SETS SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS ON AN DTRY-SPECIFIC BASIS. OCCUPATNAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS WERE UP TO DATE AND APPROPRIATE FOR THE MA DTRI THE UNTRY. ALTHOUGH THE LAW PROVIS FOR WORKERS TO REMOVE THEMSELV OM SUATNS THAT ENDANGERED HEALTH OR SAFETY WHOUT JEOPARDY TO THEIR EMPLOYMENT, POOR HEALTH AND SAFETY STANDARDS THE WORKPLACE WERE MON BOTH THE FORMAL AND RMAL SECTORS DUE TO LACK OF ENFORCEMENT. AB BY THE MANAGEMENT AT CERTA CHE-OWNED ENTERPRIS AND PANI WERE MON, CLUDG REPORTS OF PHYSIL, SEXUAL, AND EMOTNAL ABE OF WORKERS; UNSAFE WORKG NDNS; UNRPAYMENT OR NONPAYMENT OF WAG; UNFAIR DISMISSAL; AND FIRG WHOUT NOTICE. IN FEBARY A GROUP OF LOL MERS MATABELELAND SOUTH PROVCE PETNED A LABOR URT TO PROTT THEIR FIRG BY THEIR CHE EMPLOYER. IN JUNE THE CHE OWNER OF A GWE ME SHOT TWO EMPLOYE AFTER THEY NONTED HIM ABOUT HIS FAILURE TO PAY WAG U.S. DOLLARS. THE OWNER WAS ARRTED ON TWO UNTS OF ATTEMPTED MURR AND GRANTED BAIL OF APPROXIMATELY $100; HIS SE REMAED PENDG AS OF DECEMBER 1. WHILE OFFICIAL STATISTICS WERE NOT AVAILABLE, MOST WORK-RELATED JURI AND ATHS OCCURRED THE MG SECTOR DUE TO LOW VTMENT OCCUPATNAL SAFETY AND HEALTH, NONPLIANCE WH L AND REGULATNS, AND LOW LEVELS OF AWARENS OF OCCUPATNAL SAFETY AND HEALTH MATTERS. DUE TO THE GROWTH OF THE RMAL MG SECTOR, ARTISANAL MERS, CLUDG CHILDREN, HAD CREASED EXPOSURE TO DANGERO CHEMILS AND ENVIRONMENTAL WASTE. A GOLD ME LLAPSE KILLED TWO PERSONS FEBARY AND WAS SCRIBED AS A MON EVENT BY ARTISANAL MERS THE AREA. AN TIMATED 1.5 LN PERSONS WORKED OR PEND ON ARTISANAL MG, FED AS MG ACTIVI RRIED OUT G LOW TECHNOLOGY OR WH MIMAL MACHERY, ACRDG TO THE ZIMBABWE COALN ON DEBT AND DEVELOPMENT. TAGS NEWS U.S. EMBASSY ZIMBABWE
In another blow to lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) rights Hungary, on July 13, the Hungarian ernment proposed a bill that exclus transgenr women om a women-only pensn scheme. The bill is expected to go to parliament September. * lgbt rights zimbabwe *
In another blow to lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) rights Hungary, on July 13, the Hungarian ernment proposed a bill that exclus transgenr women om a women-only pensn scheme. The puty Fisz factn lear publicly cricized the judge while pro-ernment media regurgated trans- and homophobic msagg. Instead of discrimatg and fuelg tolerance, parliament should redouble efforts to protect the basic human rights of everyone Hungary, cludg people who are lbian, gay, bisexual, or transgenr.
Advot have nceled a regnal gatherg of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) activists Indonia’s pal, Jakarta, rponse to harassment and ath threats om Mlim nservativ. To promote, reprent and protect the rights and terts of lbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenr and tersex people through.
Mr Manyati is on one of his first viss to the drop- centre of Gays and Lbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ) Mutare, eastern Zimbabwe. GALZ is a membership-based associatn that promot, reprents and protects the rights of lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr and tersex (LGBTI) people Zimbabwe. While Mr Manyati may look out of place, beg at GALZ is the most “fortable” he has ever felt as a gay man livg Zimbabwe his 60 years.
Advot have nceled a regnal gatherg of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) activists Indonia’s pal, Jakarta, rponse to harassment and ath threats om Mlim nservativ. * lgbt rights zimbabwe *
Remarkable for someone who has grown up around pervasive homophobia.
LGBT Rights Zimbabwe: homosexualy, gay marriage, gay adoptn, servg the ary, sexual orientatn discrimatn protectn, changg legal genr, donatg blood, age of nsent, and more. * lgbt rights zimbabwe *
The kd of homophobia that, as recently as 2017, saw the former print scribe gay people as, “worse than dogs and pigs. GALZ matas that the hatred and fear ed by the late print’s particular brand of homophobia, “is still beg felt Zimbabwe today.
While same-sex marriage is legal and LGBTI rights are nstutnally enshred, beg gay is dangero.
* lgbt rights zimbabwe *
In the first half of 2021, there has been a spate of murrs of young gay men and an outcry om the LGBTI muny for the ernment, media and public to take hate crim more serly. This helped to secure US$ 2 ln for programm that serve gay men and other men who have sex wh men, the largt vtment ever an HIV and sexual and reproductive health rponse for the muny.
Sectn 73 of the Crimal Law (Codifitn and Reform) Amendment Act, 2006 (Crimal Law Co), which punish nsensual same-sex nduct between men wh up to one year prison, a fe or both, ntribut to stigma and discrimatn agast lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) people. Zimbabwe’s recently posed print Robert Mugabe ma no secret of his loathg for gay men and lbians.