A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

Contents:

• OPPRSN AND DISCRIMATN AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENRED PEOPLE AND MUNI: A CHALLENGE FOR MUNY PSYCHOLOGY
• GAY RIGHTS
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENG OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENR PEOPLE: AN TEGRATED LERATURE REVIEW
• OPPRSN AND DISCRIMATN AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENRED PEOPLE AND COMMUNI: A CHALLENGE FOR COMMUNY PSYCHOLOGY

OPPRSN AND DISCRIMATN AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENRED PEOPLE AND MUNI: A CHALLENGE FOR MUNY PSYCHOLOGY

Lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenred (LGBT) people ntue to experience var forms of opprsn and discrimatn North Ameri and throughout the world, spe the social, legal, and polil advanc that have been lnched an attempt to grant LGBT people basic human rights.

All the assertns are ntradicted by facts that show that many people have homosexual feelgs to one extent or another and that LGBTQ people have existed all societi, at all tim, whether persecuted or not and regardls of how a particular society was anized.

Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter. Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels.

GAY RIGHTS

Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze. Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review.

That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D. ”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue. They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn.

1 / 12: NY Daily News Archive/Getty ImagChristopher Street Liberatn Day Shortly after the Stonewall uprisg, members of the Mattache Society spl off to form the Gay Liberatn Front, a radil group that lnched public monstratns, protts and nontatns wh polil officials. Siar groups followed, cludg the Gay Activists Alliance, Radilbians, and Street Transvt Actn Revolutnari (STAR) 1970, at the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Rts, New York Cy muny members marched through lol streets memoratn of the event. Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985. But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn.

In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. Gay rights proponents mt also ntent wh an creasg number of “relig liberty” state laws, which allow bs to ny service to LGBTQ dividuals due to relig beliefs, as well as “bathroom laws” that prevent transgenr dividuals om g public bathrooms that don’t rrpond to their sex at birth.

MENTAL HEALTH CHALLENG OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANSGENR PEOPLE: AN TEGRATED LERATURE REVIEW

”[16] The lor-d quick gui to var legal stat, protectns, and prohibns of LGBT rights clud maps showg the crimalizatn of homosexualy, marriage equaly, legal genr change, legal adoptn, protectn om discrimatn based on sexual orientatn or genr inty, prohibn of hog discrimatn, bans on ary service and blood donatns, “age of nsent for homosexual sex” equaly.

While analyz of the effects of lonialism on LGBT rights typilly foced on the crimalizatn of same-sex nduct and the imposn of bary nstctns of sexual orientatn, genr inty and exprsn (SOGIE) as forms of social ntrol, [23] [24] lonial property laws have impacted LBQ+ women’s liv as much as, if not more than, lonial anti-homosexualy laws.

OPPRSN AND DISCRIMATN AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENRED PEOPLE AND COMMUNI: A CHALLENGE FOR COMMUNY PSYCHOLOGY

Maps and databas verg LGBT rights and laws around the world typilly illtrate which untri crimalize homosexualy, allow for same-sex marriage, have nondiscrimatn polici that explicly name sexual orientatn, genr inty, and genr exprsn (SOGIE) as protected tegori, and, recent years, creasgly clu rmatn on which untri allow for legal genr regnn. Among s key fdgs, nearly one-fifth of LBQ+ women reported wantg children but were not able to have them; LBQ+ women were more likely (90 percent) to never vis LGBT centers for health re pared to gay, bisexual and queer men (77 percent); and nearly one-third of LBQ+ women intified their health as “poor” pared to one-fifth of heterosexual women.

The study also found that twice as many LBQ+ women (46 percent) have been diagnosed wh prsn as straight women (23 percent), and a staggerg 44 percent of LBQ+ or qutng girls reported havg nsired suici the last year, pared to 18 percent of straight girls, 13 percent of straight boys, and 32 percent of gay, bisexual, queer, and qutng boys. Though not specifilly foced on LBQ+ women, a 2021 study to LGBT experienc the nstctn dtry the UK has provid some of the most illtrative fdgs on how LBQ+ people and cisgenr gay men have experienced homophobia differently and how homophobia has directly impacted the enomic secury of LBQ+ women unique ways:.

A 2017 World Enomic Fom article, “What you need to know about LGBT rights 11 maps, ” featured visualizatns of the crimalizatn of homosexualy, marriage equaly, legal genr change, legal adoptn, protectn om discrimatn based on sexual orientatn or genr inty, prohibn of hog discrimatn, bans on ary service and blood donatns, “age of nsent for homosexual sex, ” and bans on nversn practic. The Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA)’s 2020 State-Sponsored Homophobia report found 67 untri wh provisns crimalizg nsensual same-sex nduct, two addnal untri wh facto crimalizatn, and the ath penalty legally prcribed as punishment Bnei, Iran, Mrania, twelve stat Nigeria, Sdi Arabia, and Yemen.