Suici and Suici Risk Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgenr Populatns: Review and Remendatns - PMC

Contents:

• GAY SUICIS ARE ON THE RISE. THIS EPIMLOGIST EXPLAS WHY.
• DEPRSN IS KILLG GAY MEN
• PEOPLE WHO ARE GAY, LBIAN OR BI HAVE MORE MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE E PROBLEMS, SURVEY FDS
• SUICI OF GAY COUPLE ROCKS ARMENIA
• JAGUARS ASSOCIATE STRENGTH ACH OUT AS GAY A FIRST FOR US-BASED PRO LEAGU
• I WAS A GAY BOY WHO TRIED TO KILL MYSELF. NOW I KNOW IT WASN'T MY FLT.
• NEARLY A THIRD OF YOUNG GAY PEOPLE HAVE ATTEMPTED SUICI, STUDY FDS
• STUDY HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENC BETWEEN GAY, STRAIGHT SUICIS
• REARCHERS FD DISPARI SUICI RISK AMONG LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL ADULTS
• SUICI AND SUICI RISK LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR POPULATNS: REVIEW AND REMENDATNS

GAY SUICIS ARE ON THE RISE. THIS EPIMLOGIST EXPLAS WHY.

As a postdoctoral rearch fellow nursg at the Universy of Brish Columbia, I work on the Still Here project to engage gay and bisexual men who have prevly stggled wh suici (or who have lost another gay or bisexual man to suici) to tell their stori through photographs.

DEPRSN IS KILLG GAY MEN

The 2013 fifth edn of the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn's Diagnostic and Statistil Manual (DSM) f prsn clilly as a prsive mood or loss of tert or pleasure nearly all activi over a two-week perd, along wh four of the symptoms: “chang appete or weight, sleep, and psychomotor activy; creased energy; feelgs of worthlsns or guilt; difficulty thkg, ncentratg, or makg cisns; or recurrent thoughts of ath or suicidal iatn or suici plans or attempts.

Dpe creasg acceptance of the LGBTQ+ muny, at least some circl, adults who intify as gay, lbian or bisexual are more likely than those who intify as straight to have ser thoughts of suici and mental health ndns cludg major prsive episos, and they are more likely to mise substanc like alhol or dgs, acrdg to a new US ernment report.

However, gay, bi and straight men seemed to have siar substance e patterns: There was no difference smokg between straight and gay mal, for example, and the rate of bge and heavy drkg the month before they took the survey was the same among gay, bi and straight men. “LGBT dividuals experience addnal strs as a rult of discrimatn and stigma, stigma both at the societal level but also the way that livg a society that privileg heterosexualy that has homophobic laws and polici to sort of teach LGB people even to view themselv as ferr, ” Kidd said.

PEOPLE WHO ARE GAY, LBIAN OR BI HAVE MORE MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE E PROBLEMS, SURVEY FDS

“For stance, you n image beg environments that might be validatg of people who have gay and lbian inti but might eher not regnize bisexual inty – so they are sort of visible that space – or might be really validatg of dividuals wh bisexual inty, even while the environment is affirmg or at least a ltle more ntral to folks who are gay or lbian, ” Kidd said. The team also found that creased gray matter volume this regn, which is rponsible for procsg external stimuli, was associated wh creased may believe that the reason LGBTQ+ people are more likely to die by suici or have mental health problems is bee homosexualy is “unnatural” or is a psychiatric ndn.

The Substance Abe and Mental Health Servic Admistratn (SAMHSA) today released a new data report Lbian, Gay, and Bisexual Behavral Health: Rults om the 2021 and 2022 Natnal Surveys on Dg Use and Health (PDF | 2.

“We know that statistilly, lbian, gay and bisexual Amerins face creased risks for mental health and substance e issu, which is often related to strs ed by stigma, discrimatn and harassment, ” said HHS Assistant Secretary for Mental Health and Substance Use Miriam E. SAMHSA’s approach to addrsg the behavral health needs of LGBTQI+ people wh, affected by, or at risk for mental health and substance e ndns, builds on the Print’s Executive Orr on Advancg Equaly for Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr, Queer, and Intersex Individuals (EO 14075).

SUICI OF GAY COUPLE ROCKS ARMENIA

Suici rat among young people have been on the rise recent years, acrdg to the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn, but gay and bisexual youths are almost five tim as likely to have attempted suici as their straight, spe advanc the fight for LGBTQ equaly, a new report fds that young gay people today are even more likely to have attempted suici than prev generatns. Rearchers at the Williams Instute, a sexual orientatn and genr inty thk tank at UCLA School of Law, found that 30 percent of lbian, gay and bisexual rponnts ag 18 to 25 reported at least one suici attempt, pared to 24 percent of those 34-41 and 21 percent of those study, published last month the journal PLOS One, also revealed that the young adults are experiencg higher levels of victimizatn, psychologil distrs and ternalized homophobia than olr generatns. Subgroups at an creased risk of suicidal behavr, a new study sh a spotlight on the ways which suici among sexual mori differs om that of their heterosexual study, published late last month the Amerin Journal of Preventive Medice, is thought to be the first to e a large body of ernment data to exame suicis of gay mal and lbians.

"Compared to heterosexuals, the report found gay men who killed themselv were likelier to have had a diagnosed mental health ndn, a history of suicidal thoughts or plans, an argument before ath and a crisis around the time of ath.

Like gay men, lbians were also likelier than heterosexuals to have had a diagnosed mental health ndn prr to suici and were likelier to have tried to signal their sire to attempt suici before dog study also pared the "most monly ed mechanism of jury” for straight and gay people who took their own liv.

JAGUARS ASSOCIATE STRENGTH ACH OUT AS GAY A FIRST FOR US-BASED PRO LEAGU

For gay men, the likelit method of suici was “hangg/strangulatn/suffotn" (38 percent); for lbians was “hangg/strangulatn/suffotn” (36 percent) and firearms (35 percent) that when pared to straight youth, lbian, gay and bisexual youth are five tim more likely to attempt suici, the study suggts “a need to nduct suici preventn activi across age groups, cludg youth. Acrdg to data om the Youth Risk Behavr Survey (YRBS) nducted durg 2001-2009 seven stat and six large urban school districts, 14% to 31% of gay and lbian stunts across the s and 17% of 32% of bisexual stunts across the s had been forced to have sexual terurse at some pot their liv. Suici risk among lbian, gay, and bisexual adults vari nsirably pendg on the tersectn between sexual inty and other aspects of inty, such as genr, age, and race/ethnicy, acrdg to a study led by rearchers at the Natnal Instute of Mental Health (NIMH), part of the Natnal Instut of Health.

The study, which examed data om a natnally reprentative survey of adults the Uned Stat, also showed that lbian, gay, and bisexual adults are overall more likely to report suici-related thoughts, plans, and attempts wh the past 12 months pared wh heterosexual adults.

I WAS A GAY BOY WHO TRIED TO KILL MYSELF. NOW I KNOW IT WASN'T MY FLT.

“This study monstrat the importance of askg about sexual inty natnal data llectn efforts, and highlights the prsg need for suici preventn servic that addrs the specific experienc and needs of lbian, gay, and bisexual adults of different genrs, ag, and race and ethnic groups, ” said Rajeev Ramchand, Ph. As part of the survey, participants reported their sexual inty (heterosexual, lbian or gay, bisexual, or don’t know), and whether they had had suicidal thoughts, suici plans, or suici attempts at any time the past 12 months. After takg mographic factors to acunt, the rearchers found that suici risk was three to six tim greater for lbian, gay, and bisexual adults than for heterosexual adults across every age group and race/ethnicy tegory.

When the rearchers looked at the specific tersectn between mory sexual inty and race/ethnicy, they found that whe and Black women who intified as bisexual were more likely to report suicidal thoughts relative to whe and Black women who intified as lbian or gay. Lookg at the tersectn between mory sexual inty and age, the rearchers found that suicidal thoughts were also relatively higher among bisexual women the 35-64 group pared wh lbian or gay women the same age group. Clayton, MD1AbstractDpe strong ditns of elevated risk of suicidal behavr lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr people, limed attentn has been given to rearch, terventns or suici preventn programs targetg the populatns.

Keywords: LGBT, risk factors, suici, suici attempts, suici preventnRelatively ltle attentn has been given to the problem of suicidal behavr lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) populatns, spe reports of elevated risk for over four s. Surgeon General, 2001) and the Instute of Medice's Rcg Suici: A Natnal Imperative (Goldsmh, Pellmar, Kleman, & Bunney, 2002) fed gay and bisexual youth as a risk populatn but provid ltle rmatn about ntributg factors and did not addrs whether targeted terventns, preventn strategi or public health polici are need to rce suici risk this November 2007, the Amerin Foundatn for Suici Preventn partnership wh the Suici Preventn Rource Center and the Gay and Lbian Medil Associatn nvened a nference to addrs the need for better unrstandg of suicidal behavr and suici risk LGBT populatns.

NEARLY A THIRD OF YOUNG GAY PEOPLE HAVE ATTEMPTED SUICI, STUDY FDS

Rearchers have tend to fe sexual orientatn by one or another of the dimensns, most often g as the fg crern eher self-intifitn as gay/lbian, bisexual or heterosexual, or the genr of one's sexual partners (same sex, both same and oppose sex, or oppose sex). Studi g reprentative school-based sampl have found that about 3% of stunts gras 9–12 intify themselv as gay, lbian, or bisexual (Garofalo, Wolf, Ksel, Paley, & DuRant, 1998; Garofalo, Wolf, Wissow, Woods, & Goodman, 1999). More recent studi of adults have generally nfirmed the figur and have nsistently shown that more rponnts dite same-sex sexual behavr, and pecially same-sex attractn, than intify themselv as gay or lbian (Black, Gat, Sanrs, & Taylor, 2000; Persen & Kristiansen, 2008; Sell, 1997; Wells, McGee, & Betrais, 2010).

One recent adolcent study that rporated multiple measur of sexual orientatn found suicidal behavr to be signifintly higher youth who intified as gay, lbian or bisexual, pared to those who intified as heterosexual (Zhao, Montoro, Igartua, & Thombs, 2010). Adults that clud multiple qutns related to sexual orientatn (Bostwick, Boyd, Hugh, & McCabe, 2010) showed that rat of mood and anxiety disorrs, key risk factors for suicidal behavr, were more strongly lked to gay, lbian or bisexual inty than to sexual behavr or attractn, particularly ntrast to sexual orientatn, genr inty refers to a person's ternal sense of beg mascule, feme, or androgyno. Although precise numbers are lackg, one survey of 515 self-intified transgenr persons found that 31% of male-to-female rponnts and 65% of female-to-male rponnts intified as gay, lbian, or bisexual (Clements-Nolle, Marx, Guzman, & Katz, 2001) this article, we foc first on summarizg the accumulated rearch lerature on suicidal behavr and suici risk lbian, gay, and bisexual people.

Consistent wh wispread age the rearch lerature, we equently e the acronyms LGB (lbian, gay, bisexual) and LGBT (lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr) while regnizg that they do not aquately reflect the heterogeney of self-intifitns or behavrs wh the populatns. In any se, nclns based on the small numbers reported mt be regard as San Diego study lacked a livg ntrol group and has been cricized based on the rearchers’ assumptn that the 11% of young male suici cents who were intified as gay approximated the expected prevalence rate for young gay men the populatn unr study (McDaniel, Purcell, & D'Augelli, 2001). Usg a more likely prevalence rate of 3–4% would have suggted that young gay men were overreprented among suici cents by a factor of at least studi have ed Denmark's extensive registri of val statistics and other socmographic data to exame whether people same-sex registered domtic partnerships (a proxy ditor of sexual orientatn) were overreprented among suici cents.

STUDY HIGHLIGHTS DIFFERENC BETWEEN GAY, STRAIGHT SUICIS

A recent meta-analysis of 25 ternatnal populatn-based studi that measured suicidal behavr LGB adolcents and/or adults (varly fed) nclud that the lifetime prevalence of suici attempt gay/bisexual mal was about four tim that of parable heterosexual mal (Kg et al., 2008). Several studi have reported that the genr pattern for suicidal iatn is oppose that for suici attempts, wh risk of suicidal iatn higher among lbian/bisexual women and risk of suici attempts higher among gay/bisexual men.

REARCHERS FD DISPARI SUICI RISK AMONG LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL ADULTS

There is some evince that suici attempts may be more closely lked to the ag at which lbian women (Hugh, 2003) and gay men (Pl et al., 2002) regnize and disclose their sexual orientatn to others than to chronologil age.

In a natnal probabily study of Lato and Asian-Amerin adults (Cochran, Mays, Alegria, Ortega, & Takchi, 2007), gay and bisexual men were more likely than heterosexual men to report a recent suici DisorrsIn the populatn as a whole, mental disorrs nstute the sgle largt risk factor for suicidal behavr, and studi have also reported a generally strong associatn between mental disorrs and suici attempts LGB adolcents and adults. The fdgs of higher rat of prsn and panic disorr gay/bisexual men, and higher rat of substance e disorrs lbian/bisexual women pot to different genr patterns among LGB people, pared to the populatn as a Natnal Epimlogic Survey on Alhol and Related Condns (NESARC), a populatn-based survey of U. The terms gay-related strs (Rosar, Schrimshaw, Hunter, & Gwadz, 2002; Rotheram-Bos, Hunter & Rosar, 1994) and mory strs (Meyer, 1995, 2003) have been ed to scribe a range of strsors rultg om dividual and stutnal discrimatn agast LGB people.

SUICI AND SUICI RISK LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR POPULATNS: REVIEW AND REMENDATNS

The likelihood of gay-related victimizatn has been found to be pecially high youth wh cross-genr appearance, tras or behavrs (D'Augelli, Grossman, & Starks, 2006; Fzpatrick, Euton, Jon, & Schmidt, 2005; Friedman et al., 2006; Plorl & Fartacek, 2007; Remafedi et al., 1991), or who exprs mory sexual orientatn at an early age (Friedman, Marshal, Stall, Cheong, & Wright, 2008). Data om the Natnal Epimlogic Survey of Alhol and Related Condns (2004–2005) further documented the associatn between personal experienc of discrimatn and terpersonal vlence on elevated rat of substance e disorrs (McCabe, Bostwick, et al., 2010) and posttrmatic strs disorr (Roberts, At, Corliss, Vanrmorris, & Koenen, 2010) LGB adults over the age of is some evince that the terrelatnship among gay-related strsors, mental disorrs and suicidal behavr may vary between different racial and ethnic groups. Notg that the nstutnal amendments largely unrsred preexistg state laws, the rearchers hypothized that the negative mental health impact on LGB cizens stemmed primarily om the hostile polil mpaigns and public disurse that preced their passage, which further promulgated stigma and rerced the margalized social and legal stat of LGB LGB rponnts livg the 34 stat where nstutnal amendments agast same-sex marriage were not enacted durg the perd examed, creas generalized anxiety disorr and substance e disorrs were also found between the two wav of the survey, possibly related to extensive natnal media verage of the amendment mpaigns and the associated anti-gay rhetoric.