Was The Favoure's Queen Anne Gay? - History of Lbian and Queer Royal Monarchs</tle><meta name="tle" ntent="Was The Favoure's Queen Anne Gay? - History of Lbian and Queer Royal Monarchs" /><meta name="scriptn" ntent="The Favoure relish the shock value of s royal lbian love triangle, but viewers really shouldn't be surprised. The evince for Queen Anne’s queerns, and her relatnship wh Sarah Churchill has been around for as long as she has. Here, a history of the U.K.'s queer kgs and queens, as well has how they've been picted throughout royal history." /><meta name="keywords" ntent="the favoure, gay royals, gay kgs, lbian queens, the favoure te story, was queen anne a lbian, was sarah churchill a lbian, edward ii, edward ii gay, jam i vi, jam i vi gay, Was Queen Elizabeth I bisexual, has the UK ever had a gay monarch, is the favoure based on tth" /><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse" /><meta name="theme-lor" ntent="#000000" /><lk href="/_assets/sign-tokens/townanduntrymag/static/imag/" rel="in" /><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="Town & Country" /><meta name="fb:app_id" ntent="526594570689062" property="fb:app_id" /><meta name="article:publisher" ntent=" property="article:publisher" /><meta name="fb:pag" ntent="344794953432" property="fb:pag" /><meta name="twter:se" ntent="@TandCmag" /><meta name="google-se-verifitn" ntent="mQPiBADe3f4WpT4JNcg9uUChC3qnOhhPLSR4n1urM" /><meta property="og:tle" ntent="Beyond <i>The Favoure</i>: A Very Queer History of the Royal Fay" /><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent="Queen Anne is jt the begng." /><meta name="robots" ntent="max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-vio-preview:30" /><lk rel="apple-touch-in" href="/_assets/sign-tokens/townanduntrymag/static/imag/" /><meta property="og:image" ntent="" /><meta property="og:image:width" ntent="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" ntent="600" /><meta name="thumbnail" ntent="" /><meta name="" ntent="" /><meta name="" ntent=" /><meta name="twter:image" ntent="" /><meta ntent=" property="og:url" /><meta name="to-publish" ntent="timely" /><meta property="og:type" ntent="article" /><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary_large_image" /><meta name="article:opn" property="article:opn" /><meta ntent="Arts & Culture" property="article:sectn" /><meta ntent="2022-06-22T21:49:47Z" property="article:modified_time" /><meta ntent="2019-02-22T15:18:00Z" property="article:published_time" /><meta name="sailth.excerpt" ntent=" The Favoure, for all s prtige stume drama bonafis, lov a good anachronism. 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7v2ck1">{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;}{float:left;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;marg-right:0.9375rem;marg-bottom:-0.625rem;marg-top:0;}{lor:#030929;font-fay:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Geia,Tim,serif;font-size:3.8431rem;font-weight:normal;le-height:1;}@-moz-document url-prefix(){{marg-top:0.625rem;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:3.75rem;le-height:1.15;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:3.75rem;le-height:1.15;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:6.25rem;le-height:1;}} strong{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:bold;} em{font-style:alic;font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;}</style><p data-no-id="0" class="body-dropp css-7v2ck1 et3p2gv0"> <em>The Favoure</em>, for all s <style data-emotn="css geg5">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#9a0500;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="prtige stume drama bonafis" class="body-lk css-geg5 et3p2gv0">prtige stume drama bonafis</a>,<em></em> lov a good anachronism. The breaks wh the past start small, wh some curly ntemporary dialogue, and quickly reach a zenh wh a dance scene that—while I’m no expert—seems to stray om the standard 17th-century mov. But at s heart is a kernel of historic tth that giv the film a powerful nnectn to morn dienc: Queen Anne was, all likelihood, terted women. </p><style data-emotn="css aeyldl">{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} strong{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:bold;} em{font-style:alic;font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;}</style><p data-no-id="1" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0"><em>The Favoure</em> relish the shock value of s royal lbian love triangle, but viewers really shouldn't be surprised. The evince for Queen Anne’s queerns, and her relatnship wh Sarah Churchill (played by Rachel Weisz the film), has been around for as long as she has. The 17th century English streets were full of pamphlets sayg as much, var levels of explic tail. </p><style data-emotn="css 1736von">{--data-embed-display:flex;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;clear:both;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg-bottom:0.9375rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 20rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}} a span{right:1rem;} img{width:to;height:85vh;} a{display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;posn:var(--posn, relative);} img:not(.ewcw41w1){display:block;width:100%;height:to;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}</style><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="2" class="align-center size-medium embed css-1736von e1xqj1sx4"><style data-emotn="css uwraif">{width:100%;display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}</style><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="queen anne sarah churchill duchs of marlborough queer lbian relatnship" tle="queen anne sarah churchill duchs of marlborough queer lbian relatnship" loadg="lazy" width="1000" height="1000" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><style data-emotn="css swqnqv">@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}}</style><div class="css-swqnqv e1xqj1sx2"><style data-emotn="css qtcc4k">{lor:#030929;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;m-width:100%;paddg-top:0.625rem;width:0;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:0.875rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:1rem;le-height:1.6;}} em, i{font-fay:her;font-style:alic;} i, em{font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;}</style><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">Queen Anne and Sarah Churchill.</div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Getty Imag/Michael Stillwell</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="3" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">The ballads and pamphlets may have been wrten wh polil motiv, but that don't mean they were jt mor. “I am not of the view that was jt partisan slanr; that was all smoke wh no fire,” says Ophelia Field, thor of <em><a href=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="The Favoure: Sarah, Duchs of Marlborough" data-vars-ga-product-id="092c87a7-aa8e-4a6a-85f9-36b8e1d72df3" data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-href=" data-product-url=" data-affiliate="te" data-affiliate-url=" data-affiliate-work="{"id":"143b311b-9d5f-4937-a414-329e5c368343","se_id":"115eff3b-95a0-4668-832c-9d02ea92500d","metadata":{},"work":{"id":"469ce69f-4798-416d-9432-eaa9954b4053","name":"Amazon","metadata":{}}}" data-vars-ga-product-price="$5.99" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="d76baaa3-00a9-4bdf-b8d4-141c2b526c12" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Women" class="body-lk product-lks css-geg5 ebsw2pb0">The Favoure: Sarah, Duchs of Marlborough</a></em>. "It was also strongly suggted wh the women's private letters ... The reason the slanr was so poisono was the regnn of somethg credible, emotnally at least."</p><div supprsHydratnWarng data-no-id="4" data-embed="pullquote" class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><style data-emotn="css 1eiql25">{text-align:center;marg:0rem;paddg-top:0.9375rem;paddg-bottom:0.9375rem;}</style><blockquote class="css-1eiql25 e1pe3zr91"><style data-emotn="css 118z4a">{background-lor:#9a0500;lor:#fff;ntent:'';display:block;height:0.125rem;marg:0 to 1.875rem;width:60%;}</style><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-118z4a eagam8p0"></span><style data-emotn="css q6i00s">{lor:#030929;font-fay:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Geia,Tim,serif;font-size:1.625rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:2.25rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:2.625rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:2.8125rem;le-height:1.1;}} b, strong{font-fay:her;font-weight:bold;} em, i{font-fay:her;font-style:alic;}</style><blockquote class="css-q6i00s e1pe3zr90">The stori we choose to tell say much more about about and the cycle we’re than they do about the past. Bee the past is as queer as the prent.</blockquote><style data-emotn="css 1fv5ixs">{background-lor:#9a0500;lor:#fff;ntent:'';display:block;height:0.125rem;marg:1.875rem to 0;width:60%;}</style><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-1fv5ixs eagam8p1"></span></blockquote></div><p data-no-id="5" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Dpe beg well-known the 1700s, Queen Anne's story had to overe dual obstacl to bee a h our time: the erasure of both queerns and female power om history. "The stori have almost always been told about men before," Alan Stewart, chair of Columbia's English and Comparative Lerature partment, explas. "In amia, for example there were a few people workg on Ph.D.s, say 15 years ago, who started lookg at Elizabeth I's ladi--wag... People have been talkg about Elizabeth and her male unselors for centuri. And took until the late 20th century for people to realize that there were all the women around." </p><p data-no-id="6" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">The tth is, the cultural sphere has been rememberg and fettg royal queerns for centuri. The stori we choose to tell say much more about about and the cycle we’re than they do about the past.</p><p data-no-id="7" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Bee the past is as queer as the prent. </p><style data-emotn="css d9wkvk">{--data-embed-display:flex;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;clear:both;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg-bottom:0.9375rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 20rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw) 0.9375rem;width:100vw;}} a span{right:1rem;} img{width:to;height:85vh;} a{display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;posn:var(--posn, relative);} img:not(.ewcw41w1){display:block;width:100%;height:to;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}</style><div size="large" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="8" class="align-center size-large embed css-d9wkvk e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Photograph, Yellow, Photography, Room, Archecture, Hoe, Tourism, " tle="Photograph, Yellow, Photography, Room, Archecture, Hoe, Tourism, " loadg="lazy" width="2500" height="1667" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><style data-emotn="css 1gccgwy">@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{paddg-left:1rem;}}</style><div class="css-1gccgwy e1xqj1sx2"><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">Sarah Churchill (Rachel Weisz) and Queen Anne (Olivia Colman) <em>The Favoure</em>.<em></em></div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Yos Lanthimos</span><style data-emotn="css 117g3a1">{lor:#595959;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.4;paddg:0 0.3rem;text-transform:upperse;}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{paddg-right:0.3125rem;}}</style><span class="css-117g3a1 e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd1">20th Century Studs</span></figptn></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css l02lo">{lor:#030929;font-fay:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Geia,Tim,serif;font-weight:normal;marg-bottom:0.625rem;marg-top:1.875rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:2.625rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:2.625rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:3.125rem;le-height:1.1;}} b, strong{font-fay:her;font-weight:bold;} em, i{font-fay:her;font-style:alic;}</style><h2 data-no-id="9" class="body-h2 css-l02lo et3p2gv0">The man, the legend: Edward II</h2><p data-no-id="10" class="body-dropp css-7v2ck1 et3p2gv0">Perhaps the bt-known queer Kg is Edward II. That's thanks to playwright Christopher Marlowe, who 1594 published <em>Edward II</em>, wily nsired “the gay, homosexual, queer play of the Renaissance,” says Judh Haber, an English profsor at Tufts.</p><p data-no-id="11" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">The tumultuo reign of England’s Edward II lasted om 1307 to 1327, but his legacy would lger much longer the Brish nscns. At least part, that’s probably bee ’s such a good story. Edward II’s life has everythg: a dre of schemg barons, a vengeful queen, Edward’s own dramatic posn. Juicit of all, was Edward’s bld votn to his male lovers that brought him down. </p><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="12" class="align-center size-medium embed css-1736von e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Edward II Kg Of England From 1307 (1932)" tle="Edward II Kg Of England From 1307 (1932)" loadg="lazy" width="758" height="1024" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><div class="css-swqnqv e1xqj1sx2"><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">A 1932 artist’s renrg of Edward II.</div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Herage Imag</span><span class="css-117g3a1 e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="13" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">A quick asi: regardg the sexualy of any kg or queen, the first thg a historian will say is that historians disagree. There is never nclive evince of jt what a given monarch was gettg up to the bedroom, and as the panoply of LGBTQ+ scriptors and tegori had yet to be vented, ’s somewhat accurate by fn to say a kg was gay. They simply didn’t thk about like that.</p><p data-no-id="14" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Sex wh whomever was somethg you did, not somethg you were—and as such, the relatnships are referred to as “queer” throughout this story, bee that term ntas some fluidy. It's also important to remember that along wh their possible queer relatnships, nearly all the monarchs furthered their le of succsn wh a partner of the oppose sex.</p><p data-no-id="15" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Still, wh a number of kgs (cludg Edward II), there's enough circumstantial evince for historians to reach somethg of a nsens. It was “a general pattern of Edward II’s behavr, om his mid-teens onwards, that he beme fatuated wh a number of men,” says Kathryn Warner, <a href=" rel="nofollow" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="thor of Edward II: The Unnventnal Kg" data-vars-ga-product-id="ff31dcf6-b7e9-46fe-bbaa-31d5f0e4ad47" data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-href=" data-product-url=" data-affiliate="te" data-affiliate-url=" data-affiliate-work="{"id":"143b311b-9d5f-4937-a414-329e5c368343","se_id":"115eff3b-95a0-4668-832c-9d02ea92500d","metadata":{},"work":{"id":"469ce69f-4798-416d-9432-eaa9954b4053","name":"Amazon","metadata":{}}}" data-vars-ga-product-brand="Amberley Publishg" data-vars-ga-product-price="$34.50" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="e6aa0825-77-4714-b54f-43f487a05cb3" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-brand="Amberley Publishg" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Great Bra" class="body-lk product-lks css-geg5 ebsw2pb0">thor of <em>Edward II: The Unnventnal Kg</em></a>. “I thk ’s certa that [Edward II and nobleman Piers Gavton were] lovers, and I thk ’s beyond all doubt that Edward loved Gavton probably more than he loved anyone his life, jt about.”</p><p data-no-id="16" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">It wasn’t the mere existence of the relatnships that brought Edward down. “If he’d nquered Stland, or won wars France, if he’d actually been a succsful ler, they might’ve ignored ,” Warner explas. “It was that Edward jt gave [his favor] too much power, too much fluence, too much wealth, and they mised .” A queer in, Edward II might have been; a good kg he was not. </p><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="17" class="align-center size-medium embed css-1736von e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Kg Jam and his possible lover, Esmé Stuart." tle="Kg Jam and his possible lover, Esmé Stuart." loadg="lazy" width="1000" height="1000" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><div class="css-swqnqv e1xqj1sx2"><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">Kg Jam VI of Stland and his possible lover, Esmé Stuart.</div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Getty Imag/Michael Stillwell</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="18" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Edward II’s story would serve as a utnary tale to subsequent monarchs for centuri—and if a kg was spected of havg queer relatnships, people would e Edward II as a kd of shorthand their allegatns. Edward II’s own great-grandson, Richard II, would be tormented by such parisons. A uple centuri later, not long after Marlowe’s play was wrten, parallels were drawn to Kg Jam VI of Stland (also later known as Jam I of England), who "was always sort of leang on some young man or other wh his arm 'round them," says Stewart.</p><h2 data-no-id="19" class="body-h2 css-l02lo et3p2gv0">A radil queer play, 1594</h2><p data-no-id="20" class="body-dropp css-7v2ck1 et3p2gv0">Edward II’s story was well tablished the Brish nscns by the time Marlowe wrote his play, but the work, first performed 200 years after the kg's ath, cemented his queer narrative. It ma clear that Gavton and Edward II were havg sex—and suggted that their relatnship went eper. “I thk the play sets up Gavton as an alternative to his wife, Isabella,” Stewart says. “And that seems to me que radil.”</p><p data-no-id="21" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">In other words, 1594, there was a polil play centered on fully fledged queer relatnships that was emed rpectable enough to be played at royal urt. Granted, do end wh Edward beg sodomized wh a red-hot poker—hardly the empowerg, pro-queer narrative we might hope for—but there are not of somethg new. (And wrg that scene, Marlowe was also hewg to history as he knew .) </p><p data-no-id="22" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Not unlike how some ntemporary artists e queerns as an entry pot to qutn and dispt larger societal norms, Marlowe sought "to unrme all sorts of closed social orthodoxi: tellectual, textual, sexual, polil, relig," Haber says. In Marlowe's <em>Edward II, </em>there is the seedlg of a queer sensibily. </p><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="23" class="align-center size-medium embed css-1736von e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Hugh the Dpenser's torture Hereford, known as Hugh le Dpenser the Younger, 'Chronicl' of Jean Froissart" tle="Hugh the Dpenser's torture Hereford, known as Hugh le Dpenser the Younger, 'Chronicl' of Jean Froissart" loadg="lazy" width="3034" height="3136" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><div class="css-swqnqv e1xqj1sx2"><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">A 14th century drawg of Hugh Dpenser, one of Edward II’s favor, beg tortured.</div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Photo 12</span><span class="css-117g3a1 e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="24" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0"><em>Edward II</em> enjoyed some brief populary for a few s, before eventually fadg to relative obscury—only to reemerge wh a glor vengeance the morn era. Stewart not that the play begs s eback the 1890s, when Osr Wil was beg tried for homosexualy. In the 1920s, Bertolt Brecht famoly adapted , although his versn is much more foced on the characters’ polil machatns than makg the play’s sexual unrton explic.</p><p data-no-id="25" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As our nceptns of sexualy have evolved rapidly over the past 150-odd years, ’s hardly surprisg that we’ve seen the reemergence of <em>Edward II</em>. "It upl [Edward’s relatnships wh men] wh a story of persecutn and torture that is sadly faiar to 20th- and 21st-century LGBTQ people," explas Jefey Masten, a profsor at Northwtern currently edg a new edn of <em>Edward II</em>.<em></em></p><p data-no-id="26" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">In 1970, on the heels of the Stonewall rts New York, <em>Edward II</em> found self at the center of a major moment for queer visibily popular culture. The first same-sex kiss on Brish televisn took place durg the BBC's broadst of the play, starrg none other than Ian McKellen.</p><p data-no-id="27" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0"><a href=" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="In the Guardian" class="body-lk css-geg5 et3p2gv0">In the <em>Guardian</em></a>, McKellen’s star Timothy Wt remembered him portrayg Edward as “unapologetilly gay,” an artistic choice which ed “somethg of a stir.”</p><div size="large" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="28" class="align-center size-large embed css-d9wkvk e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Edward And Gavton" tle="Edward And Gavton" loadg="lazy" width="2742" height="2130" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><div class="css-1gccgwy e1xqj1sx2"><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">Edward II (Ian McKellen) and Piers Gavton (Jam Lrenson) a drs rehearsal of Marlowe’s <em>Edward II</em> at London’s Picdilly Theatre.</div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Central Prs</span><span class="css-117g3a1 e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="29" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">It was likely the weight of Marlowe, a revered, centuri-old playwright, that allowed a queer kiss to be broadsted. “I thk there’s a way which the performance of ‘history’ here be a route toward progrs,” Masten explas. </p><div supprsHydratnWarng data-no-id="30" data-embed="pullquote" class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><blockquote class="css-1eiql25 e1pe3zr91"><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-118z4a eagam8p0"></span><blockquote class="css-q6i00s e1pe3zr90">It was a play by Christopher Marlowe, a ntemporary of Shakpeare; was the Prospect Theatre Company. Highly rpectable! It might’ve been n by a gaggle of gays, but that wasn’t the pot. —Ian McKellen</blockquote><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-1fv5ixs eagam8p1"></span></blockquote></div><p data-no-id="31" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Or <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="McKellen’s words" class="body-lk css-geg5 et3p2gv0">McKellen’s words</a>, “It was a play by Christopher Marlowe, a ntemporary of Shakpeare; was the Prospect Theatre Company. Highly rpectable! It might’ve been n by a gaggle of gays, but that wasn’t the pot.” </p><p data-no-id="32" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">In 1991, agast the backdrop of the AIDS crisis, pop culture gave another, far more radil <em>Edward II</em>. It me om director Derek Jarman, who was <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="on rerd as disapprovg of Ian McKellen’s softer brand of prott" class="body-lk css-geg5 et3p2gv0">on rerd as disapprovg of Ian McKellen’s softer brand of prott</a>. Jarman's film is far more sexually explic than McKellen’s chaste onscreen kiss, stead openg on Edward and Gavton loungg on a bed, while two naked men go at behd them. It also mak the analogy to 1990s homophobia leral, renrg Edward’s army as group of gay rights protters, plete wh posters readg “Get your filthy hands off our bodi.” The film is still herald as one of the rnerston of the New Queer Cema movement.<br /></p><p data-no-id="33" class="body-text css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Edward II’s cultural profile has also, at tim, reflected our culture's ep homophobia. In <em>Braveheart</em>, for stance, Edward is portrayed as a weaklg; and Mel Gibson’s William Wallace cuckolds the Kg, impregnatg his wife. History tells that Edward was strong and almost certaly fathered all of his children—yet Gibson's ttosterone-fueled flick, Prce Edward is rced to a piful stereotype, tmped by his heterosexual foe.</p><h2 data-no-id="34" class="body-h2 css-l02lo et3p2gv0">The History We Have Yet to Remember</h2><p data-no-id="35" class="body-dropp css-7v2ck1 et3p2gv0">Edward is almost certaly not the only kg to have had male lovers—and not the only one to fd his way to the morn nscns. Jt over a ago, when gay rights activist Peter Tatchell sought to nmn homophobia Northern Ireland, he suggted Kg William III as yet another possibly queer monarch.</p><div size="medium" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="36" class="align-center size-medium embed css-1736von e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Human anatomy, Organ, Illtratn, Human body, Human, Mcle, Heart, Jot, Stomach, Child art, " tle="Human anatomy, Organ, Illtratn, Human body, Human, Mcle, Heart, Jot, Stomach, Child art, " loadg="lazy" width="1000" height="1000" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><div class="css-swqnqv e1xqj1sx2"><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Getty Imag/Michael Stillwell</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="37" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Better known as William of Orange (or Kg Billy Stland), Queen Anne's precsor reigned over England, Stland, and Ireland om 1689 to 1702. As a prottant who overthrew a Catholic, William III has bee a hero to Northern Ireland's 20th century unnists, a polil nstuency that wished to rema a part of the U.K., rather than jo the rt of Catholic Ireland.</p><p data-no-id="38" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">William of Orange was also mored to be queer. In her time, Queen Anne had to al wh polilly damagg parisons to William III, but our ntemporary era, Tatchell ed his story to achieve different ends. Durg his Amnty Internatnal Pri Lecture Belfast 2008, he summoned the kg's ghost to force nservative lawmakers to grapple wh their hero's sexualy. As Tatchell said <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="to the " class="body-lk css-geg5 et3p2gv0">to the </a><em><a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Belfast Telegraph" class="body-lk css-geg5 et3p2gv0">Belfast Telegraph</a></em>, “It is particularly hypocril for unnist policians to play the homophobic rd when their hero William of Orange had male lovers.”</p><p data-no-id="39" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">In part, Tatchell’s strategy worked. While he likely didn’t nvce any avowedly homophobic lawmakers to see the light, his historilly-backed claims ma headl, reigng a bate about LGBTQ+ acceptance Northern Ireland. </p><style data-emotn="css f1dz33">{--data-embed-display:flex;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;clear:both;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg-bottom:0.9375rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 20rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{width:100%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{width:50%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:50%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{width:50%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{width:50%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{width:50%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{width:50%;marg:0 to 0.9375rem;}} a span{right:1rem;} img{width:to;height:85vh;} a{display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;posn:var(--posn, relative);} img:not(.ewcw41w1){display:block;width:100%;height:to;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}</style><div size="small" data-embed="body-image" data-no-id="40" class="align-center size-small embed css-f1dz33 e1xqj1sx4"><div class="css-uwraif e1xqj1sx3"><img alt="Portra of William III of Orange (1650-1702) Artist: Schalcken, Godied Cornelisz (1643-1706)" tle="Portra of William III of Orange (1650-1702) Artist: Schalcken, Godied Cornelisz (1643-1706)" loadg="lazy" width="872" height="1024" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-0 exi4f7p0" /><div class="css-swqnqv e1xqj1sx2"><div class="css-qtcc4k e1xqj1sx1">A portra of William III, known as William of Orange.</div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Herage Imag</span><span class="css-117g3a1 e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div></div><p data-no-id="41" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">In the right ntext, the majty of the monarchy n offer legimacy to what was prevly emed illegimate. People are more likely to accept queerns if they know someone who is queer—and everyone knows the Brish monarchs. They’re basilly the Kardashians of the Renaissance.</p><p data-no-id="42" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">And though there are many more queer stori the pop culture nscns the days, explorg the sexualy of long-ad monarchs is probably not gog to stop anytime soon. How we tell those stori has bee a good mirror of our evolvg view of queerns. </p><p data-no-id="43" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">“I thk the mistake we make is to thk we have stable ias about sexualy now,” Stewart says. “And I don’t thk that’s the se, and anyone that’s lived long enough knows that that’s not the se. The ways which we now thk about sexualy are different om how they were 1990, and that was massively different om 1960. It will keep changg. We’re ntually evolvg, so our relatnship to the past has to keep changg.”</p><p data-no-id="44" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Edward and Anne and Richard and William uld soon have more historil pany. Henry VIII—who, thanks to his seemgly fe wiv, we see as “one of the ma arch-heterosexuals of history,” says Stewart—is one narrative ripe for revisn. “If you read through all the ambassadorial reports, particularly when [Henry VIII] was a young man, all they say is that he hangs out wh the pretty young men all the time and go huntg wh him.” </p><p data-no-id="45" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Stewart ps, then allows himself to me, “Maybe that’s the next thg, we’ll do a Henry VIII movie.”</p><p data-no-id="46" class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Adm : you’d watch the hell out of a queer Henry VIII.<br /></p><style data-emotn="css ngcbd3">{borr:0.125rem solid #030929;clear:both;lor:#030929;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;marg-bottom:1.875rem;marg-top:1.875rem;outle:borr-med-navy;outle-offset:0.4375rem;text-align:center;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg:1.25rem;font-size:1.125rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:1.25rem;font-size:1.125rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg:1.875rem;font-size:1.375rem;le-height:1.5;}} b, strong{font-fay:her;font-weight:bold;} em, i{font-fay:her;font-style:alic;}</style><p data-no-id="47" class="body-tip css-ngcbd3 et3p2gv0">Some Suggted Readg</p><div data-embed="embed-gallery" data-no-id="48" class="embed css-0 ebzsujn10"><style data-emotn="css 1en1mge">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:row;-ms-flex-directn:row;flex-directn:row;-webk-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webk-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;grid-gap:1rem;-webk-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;-webk-jtify-ntent:flex-start;jtify-ntent:flex-start;marg-bottom:0.875rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){ .ebzsujn9{width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem) and (max-width: 61.25rem){ .ebzsujn9{m-width:m(20.625rem, lc((100% - 1rem)/2));max-width:m(20.625rem, lc((100% - 1rem)/2));}}@media(m-width: 61.25rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){ 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data-affiliate-work="{"id":"143b311b-9d5f-4937-a414-329e5c368343","se_id":"115eff3b-95a0-4668-832c-9d02ea92500d","is_active":te,"tails":null,"metadata":{},"work":{"id":"469ce69f-4798-416d-9432-eaa9954b4053","name":"Amazon","is_active":te,"bs_un_id":"ad046b46-538b-42cb-aa54-c3d158875ed6","tails":"","metadata":{},"created_at":"2021-07-28T16:03:03.241365+00:00","last_updated_at":"2021-07-28T16:03:03.241381+00:00"}}" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="$12 at Amazon" data-vars-ga-media-role="1" data-vars-ga-media-type="Embedd Gallery List" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-product-id="a25d5cf5-c1a1-4543-8b13-5b70102e0e" data-vars-ga-product-price="$11.99" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="660c29e1-0e4c-4fcc-8757-ff4e34df26cd" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Royalty" data-vars-ga-gallery-id="be818ea6-981f-4a3b-90-c326009aa705" data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-vars-ga-sku="B00I1VX8TA" data-vars-ga-magento-trackg="1" role="button" data-ab-label="ProdClick" class="product-btn-lk en6kra60 css-1rcmlyv e1c1bym14">$12 at Amazon</a></div><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-16u9763 e6iqd2">Cred: Courty Amazon</span></figptn></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css 2ok9l4">{marg-top:1.875rem;borr-top:th solid #595959;}</style><div data-jam-id="thor-b" class="css-2ok9l4 e13rjwo40"><style data-emotn="css v3rrb4">{display:grid;grid-template-lumns:to 1;grid-lumn-gap:0.625rem;paddg-top:1.25rem;paddg-bottom:1.25rem;clear:both;borr-lor:#030929;}</style><div class="css-v3rrb4 e19xk9rq8"><style data-emotn="css irehmq">{borr-radi:50%;height:60px;width:60px;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:40px;height:40px;}}</style><span class="css-irehmq e19xk9rq1"><style data-emotn="css o0wq4v">{width:100%;height:100%;borr-radi:50%;vertil-align:middle;object-f:ver;}</style><img src="" alt="Headshot of Chloe Fosian" tle="Headshot of Chloe Fosian" width="100%" height="100%" dg="async" loadg="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v e19xk9rq3" /></span><div><style data-emotn="css 3sqxrq">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;grid-gap:4px;-webk-align-ems:basele;-webk-box-align:basele;-ms-flex-align:basele;align-ems:basele;-webk-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webk-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}</style><div class="css-3sqxrq e19xk9rq7"><span class="css-0 e19xk9rq5"><style data-emotn="css o0sclf">{lor:#030929;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-lor:her;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-transform:upperse;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:0.75rem;le-height:1.4;}}{lor:#9a0500;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><style data-emotn="css 1y1lloh">{lor:#030929;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;text-transform:upperse;lor:#030929;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-lor:her;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-transform:upperse;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:0.75rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:0.75rem;le-height:1.4;}}{lor:#9a0500;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href="/thor/220811/chloe-fosian/" class="e1c1bym13 css-1y1lloh e1c1bym14"><span>Chloe Fosian</span></a></span></div><style data-emotn="css oe3axz">{lor:#9a0500;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:bold;marg-top:0.625rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:0.75rem;le-height:1.4;}}</style><div class="css-oe3axz e19xk9rq6">News Wrer</div><style data-emotn="css n62u3j">{display:-webk-box;font-fay:Terma,Terma-fallback,Helveti,Arial,sans-serif;overflow:hidn;paddg-top:0.3125rem;-webk-box-orient:vertil;-webk-le-clamp:5;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{-webk-le-clamp:10;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.4;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:0.75rem;le-height:1.4;}}>*{display:le;} p{marg:0rem;} p a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;} p a:hover{text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-n62u3j e19xk9rq4"><p>Chloe is a News Wrer for <a href=" target="_blank"></a>, where she vers royal news, om the <a href=" target="_blank">latt addns to Meghan Markle’s staff </a>to <a href=" target="_blank">Queen Elizabeth’s monochrome fashns</a>; she also wr about culture, often dissectg TV shows like <a href=" target="_blank"> <i>The Marvelo Mrs Maisel </i></a>and <a href=" target="_blank"><i>Killg Eve</i></a>.</p></div></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css ciejky">{clear:both;marg-top:1.25rem;}</style><div id="journey-le" class="css-ciejky e1cslvxz0"></div></div></div><div></div><div data-teractive="WatchNext-1" class="css-0 e10xr3vp6"><style data-emotn="css 1pqv15d">{marg-bottom:1.875rem;marg-top:1.875rem;paddg:0 0.938rem;}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{paddg:0 2.5rem;}}</style><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-1pqv15d e10xr3vp5"><style data-emotn="css jkklfs">{borr:th solid #030929;marg:0 to;max-width:60rem;text-align:center;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg:0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:1.25rem;}}</style><div class="css-jkklfs e10xr3vp4"><style data-emotn="css 1sowyjy">{marg-bottom:1.25rem;}</style><div class="css-1sowyjy e10xr3vp3"><style data-emotn="css 1ixs76q">{font-fay:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Geia,Tim,serif;font-weight:normal;marg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:2.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:2rem;le-height:1.2;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:2.8125rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:3.25rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{font-size:3.25rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h6 class="css-1ixs76q e10xr3vp2"><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e10xr3vp1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h6><style data-emotn="css il0ojs">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;lor:#030929;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-fay:NewParis,NewParis-fallback,Geia,Tim,serif;font-weight:normal;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;m-height:to;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.0625rem;le-height:1.2;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{font-size:1.0625rem;le-height:1.2;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:1.3125rem;le-height:1.2;}}</style><h6 class="css-il0ojs e10xr3vp0"> </h6></div><style data-emotn="css 1ui7hop">{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;--aspect-rat:56.25%;}</style><div class="__rp-ntaer css-1ui7hop e6l0f0"><style data-emotn="css 1yu8e3d">{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;width:100%;height:100%;} .__rp-ntaer{height:to;}</style><div data-embed="embed-vio" class="vio-player css-1yu8e3d e1ou1fny0"><style data-emotn="css 1uds6oo">{height:100%;width:100%;posn:relative;}</style><div class="css-1uds6oo e1f7ylgd6"><style data-emotn="css 1iiivv4">{background-lor:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);borr:.1875rem solid whe;borr-radi:50%;lor:#fff;cursor:poter;height:3.75rem;left:50%;posn:absolute;top:50%;-webk-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-webk-transn:all 0.4s;transn:all 0.4s;width:3.75rem;z-x:1;}.e1f7ylgd6:hover {background-lor:rgba(33, 150, 245, 0.8);lor:#ffffff;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{height:5.625rem;width:5.625rem;borr:.28125rem solid whe;}}</style><button aria-label="Play Vio" class="css-1iiivv4 e1f7ylgd1"><style data-emotn="css 1lhf7lq">{fill:#ffffff;height:1.4rem;vertil-align:middle;width:1.45rem;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:2.3125rem;height:3rem;}}</style><svg xmlns=" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="fill: var(--primary, #000);" role="img" tle="Play" class="css-1lhf7lq e1f7ylgd2"><tle>play in

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