30 Civil Rights Lears to Know om Today and the Past</tle><meta name="tle" ntent="30 Civil Rights Lears to Know om Today and the Past" /><meta name="scriptn" ntent="We take a look at proment civil rights lears—female and male alike—who ma their prry to fight for the eedom of Black Amerins." /><meta name="keywords" ntent /><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse" /><meta name="theme-lor" ntent="#000000" /><lk href="/_assets/sign-tokens/oprahdaily/static/imag/" rel="in" /><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="Oprah Daily" /><meta name="fb:app_id" ntent="557569598006399" property="fb:app_id" /><meta name="article:publisher" ntent=" property="article:publisher" /><meta name="twter:se" ntent="@OprahDaily" /><meta name="google-se-verifitn" ntent="82jYkYSOEZ5GE7V8m8gSrd7kxTtY-J37c6dvl60N8" /><meta property="og:tle" ntent="30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent" /><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent="We’ll feel their impact for generatns to e. " /><meta name="robots" ntent="max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-vio-preview:30" /><lk rel="apple-touch-in" href="/_assets/sign-tokens/oprahdaily/static/imag/" /><meta property="og:image" ntent="" /><meta property="og:image:width" ntent="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" ntent="600" /><meta name="thumbnail" ntent="" /><meta name="" ntent="" /><meta name="" ntent=" /><meta name="twter:image" ntent="" /><meta ntent=" property="og:url" /><meta name="to-publish" ntent="never" /><meta property="og:type" ntent="article" /><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary_large_image" /><meta name="article:opn" property="article:opn" /><meta ntent="Culture & News" property="article:sectn" /><meta ntent="2023-04-28T04:24:14Z" property="article:modified_time" /><meta ntent="2023-02-08T16:47:00Z" property="article:published_time" /><meta name="sailth.excerpt" ntent="<p>When you're asked to thk of val <a href="; target="_blank">Black Amerin</a> civil rights lears, ’s likely that <a href="; target="_blank">Dr. Mart Luther Kg, Jr.</a>, stantly to md—and why wouldn’t he? Throughout the 1950s and 60s, the civil rights hero was an unparalleled pillar of strength for Ain Amerins the nonvlent fight toward equaly and the end of legal segregatn the Uned Stat. It’s clear that unrstandg his work—om his arrts to his monstratns to his <a href="; target="_blank">unfettable words of wisdom</a>—is key to havg a clearer picture of Amerin history. <br></p><p>But he’s not the only figure we should actively learn about. Many figur preced him, stood bi him, or me after him and toiled his memory, makg their prry to fight for the eedom of all Black Amerins agast all odds. Although you may regnize a few of the nam om the pag of your history books or <a href="; target="_blank">Black History Month lsons</a>, others may turn out to be wele disveri—like <a href="; target="_blank">hidn figur of our time</a>. You may already know the rt as cril voic of the prent moment who work to ensure we'll never fet that <a href="; target="_blank">#BlackLivMatter.</a> While their llective work spans var s, they all have somethg mon: We'll ntue to feel their impact for generatns to e. </p><p>Here are some highlights om the illtr reers of numero civil ins, cludg: W.E.B. Du Bois, Dorothy Height, John Lewis, Ibram X. Kendi, and Ruby Bridg.</p>" /><meta name="" ntent="entertament,Culture & News" /><meta name="" ntent="2023-02-08 16:47:00" /><meta name="sailth.socialtle" ntent="30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent" /><meta name="ntenttype" ntent="listicle" /><meta id="m1" name="m1" emProp="cssSelector " ntent=".ntent-hed" /><meta id="m2" name="m2" emProp="cssSelector" ntent=".ntent-k p" /><lk href="/" emSpe emType=" emRef="m1 m2" /><lk rel="preload" as="image" image-src-set=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" image-siz="100vw" /><lk rel="prefetch" href="" as="image" /><lk rel="preload" as="image" image-src-set=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" image-siz="100vw" /><meta name="next-head-unt" ntent="47" /><meta name="next-font-prennect" /><script id="vice-tect" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">(()=>{nst o="ontouchstart" wdow||!!navigator.maxTouchPots||("__touch"),t=wdow.matchMedia("only screen and (max-width: 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span:first-of-type:before{-webk-background-posn:center;background-posn:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webk-background-size:ver;background-size:ver;ntent:'';display:block;height:1.125rem;width:1.375rem;} span:first-of-type:before{background-image:url('/_assets/sign-tokens/oprahdaily/static/imag/');}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){ span:first-of-type:before{marg:1.25rem to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){ span:first-of-type:before{marg:1.75rem to;}}</style><h1 class="css-nno972 exadjwu10"><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span>30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent<span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h1><style data-emotn="css 157op6k">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.3125rem;font-weight:normal;letter-spacg:-0.01em;le-height:1.2;marg-bottom:0;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1.25rem;paddg-right:1.25rem;}} p{marg:0rem;} a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:her;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;} a:hover{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-157op6k exadjwu8"><p>We’ll feel their impact for generatns to e. </p></div><style data-emotn="css 1t9ufoh">{display:block;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;marg-bottom:0.625rem;paddg-right:0.3125rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{marg-top:1.35rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-top:1.75rem;}} addrs{marg:0rem;} span{le-height:1.6;display:le-block;marg:0rem;}</style><div class="css-1t9ufoh exadjwu7"><style data-emotn="css b9totx">{font-style:normal;paddg-right:0.3125rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;}</style><addrs class="css-b9totx ehvvd9m2"><style data-emotn="css 1gwutwq">{paddg-right:0.3125rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;}</style><span class="css-1gwutwq ehvvd9m1">By <style data-emotn="css 7l5upj">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:her;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href="/thor/220354/mckenzie-jean-philippe/" class="css-7l5upj e1c1bym14">McKenzie Jean-Philippe</a> and <a href="/thor/242824/jane-burt/" class="css-7l5upj e1c1bym14">Jane Burt</a></span><style data-emotn="css 1gryrf1">{display:le-block;text-transform:unset;marg-left:0.625rem;}</style><time class="css-1gryrf1 exadjwu6">Published: Feb 8, 2023</time></addrs></div><style data-emotn="css 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90rem){{width:90rem;}}</style><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><style data-emotn="css 1ail4ym">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{posn:relative;}}</style><sectn class="listicle-hear css-1ail4ym erx0a9f19"><style data-emotn="css 1bw2h88">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webk-jtify-ntent:flex-end;jtify-ntent:flex-end;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-flex-directn:row;-ms-flex-directn:row;flex-directn:row;-webk-align-ems:flex-start;-webk-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-ems:flex-start;marg:0 20.625rem 1rem 1.1875rem;max-width:40.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem 1rem 2.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem 1rem 3.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg:0 22.625rem 1rem 20.875rem;paddg:0rem;}}</style><div class="css-1bw2h88 erx0a9f18"><style data-emotn="css 19di9js">{marg:0 to;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:0 0 2rem 0;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{marg:0 0 1rem 0;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:0 0 1rem 0;}}</style><div class="css-19di9js erx0a9f17"><style data-emotn="css sm2oir">{height:to;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw);}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to;}}</style><div class="ntent-lead-image css-sm2oir e5f9kgu2"><style data-emotn="css eag3eq">{posn:relative;height:to;}</style><div class="css-eag3eq e5f9kgu1"><style data-emotn="css 335qep">{posn:relative;width:100%;height:100%;object-f:ver;vertil-align:top;}</style><img fetchPrry="high" alt="civil rights lears" tle="Black civil rights lears" width="2000" height="1000" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-335qep exi4f7p0" /></div><style data-emotn="css 5kpeya">{font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;letter-spacg:0.05em;le-height:2rem;text-transform:upperse;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0;}} span{lor:#6F6F6F;}</style><figptn class="css-5kpeya enfs9c50"><style data-emotn="css 1sepnu9">{paddg-right:0.3125rem;lor:#6F6F6F;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.2;letter-spacg:0.05em;text-transform:upperse;}</style><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div><style data-emotn="css 1mdnnmm">@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:to;}}@media(m-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 64rem){{paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:0rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg:0rem;width:to;}} img{width:100%;}</style><div class="listicle-tro css-1mdnnmm erx0a9f15"><style data-emotn="css aeyldl">{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} strong{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:bold;} em{font-style:alic;font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;}</style><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">When you're asked to thk of val <style data-emotn="css 9cezh6">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#E61957;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Black Amerin" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Black Amerin</a> civil rights lears, ’s likely that <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Dr. Mart Luther Kg, Jr." class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Dr. Mart Luther Kg, Jr.</a>, stantly to md—and why wouldn’t he? Throughout the 1950s and 60s, the civil rights hero was an unparalleled pillar of strength for Ain Amerins the nonvlent fight toward equaly and the end of legal segregatn the Uned Stat. It’s clear that unrstandg his work—om his arrts to his monstratns to his <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="unfettable words of wisdom" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">unfettable words of wisdom</a>—is key to havg a clearer picture of Amerin history. <br /></p><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">But he’s not the only figure we should actively learn about. Many figur preced him, stood bi him, or me after him and toiled his memory, makg their prry to fight for the eedom of all Black Amerins agast all odds. Although you may regnize a few of the nam om the pag of your history books or <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Black History Month lsons" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Black History Month lsons</a>, others may turn out to be wele disveri—like <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="hidn figur of our time" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">hidn figur of our time</a>. You may already know the rt as cril voic of the prent moment who work to ensure we'll never fet that <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="#BlackLivMatter." class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">#BlackLivMatter.</a> While their llective work spans var s, they all have somethg mon: We'll ntue to feel their impact for generatns to e. </p><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Here are some highlights om the illtr reers of numero civil ins, cludg: W.E.B. Du Bois, Dorothy Height, John Lewis, Ibram X. Kendi, and Ruby Bridg.</p></div></div></div></sectn><sectn><style data-emotn="css 19zkmoh">@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-orr:-1;-ms-flex-orr:-1;orr:-1;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{height:100%;marg-left:1rem;marg-right:1rem;paddg:0 1rem 0 1.875rem;posn:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:20.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem) and (max-width: 100rem){{marg-right:lc(4 * 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg-right:lc(3 * 1rem);paddg:0 1rem;}}</style><div class="css-19zkmoh erx0a9f14"><style data-emotn="css azla58">@media(m-width: 64rem){{borr:none;m-height:lc(100% - 100vh);m-width:18.75rem;}}</style><div class="css-azla58 erx0a9f13"><style data-emotn="css 12o1p1l">@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{posn:static;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;top:5rem;}}</style><style data-emotn="css eyaa27">{-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;m-height:523px;}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{top:5rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:138px;}}{posn:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{bottom:0rem;width:-webk-fill-available;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:th solid #E8E8E8;}}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{posn:static;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;top:5rem;}}</style><div class="standard-article-vertil-ad erx0a9f12 css-eyaa27 e6yd7uy2"><style data-emotn="css 14b96eg">{m-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;}</style><div id="gpt-ad-vertil-top" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><style data-emotn="css 1igyocc">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:to;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;marg:0 to;marg-bottom:1rem;marg-top:1rem;posn:flex;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webk-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-bottom:1rem;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webk-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{width:100%;}}</style><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><style data-emotn="css 5htnuj">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:64rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:73.75rem;paddg-left:3.375rem;paddg-right:3.375rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:75rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:90rem;paddg-left:4.125rem;paddg-right:4.125rem;}}</style><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><style data-emotn="css ducv57">{width:100%;height:to;}</style><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><style data-emotn="css 10fz3m9">{-webk-align-ntent:start;-ms-flex-le-pack:start;align-ntent:start;grid-area:ntent;grid-template-rows:repeat(2, to);height:to;marg:0 to;paddg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:100vw;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to;width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:grid;marg:0rem;grid-to-rows:to max-ntent max-ntent;max-width:39.375rem;grid-template-areas:"media_wrapper meta";}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;-webk-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webk-jtify-ntent:end;jtify-ntent:end;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><style data-emotn="css gpmju3">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:6.25rem;font-weight:300;grid-area:sli_number;letter-spacg:0.02em;le-height:1.2;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;font-size:7.5rem;le-height:1;}}</style><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">1 </span><style data-emotn="css 977rqr">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;grid-area:tle;marg:0rem;marg-bottom:1rem;marg-top:0.625rem;-webk-orr:0;-ms-flex-orr:0;orr:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-right:1rem;paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;paddg-right:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;font-size:1.9375rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Ida B. Wells (1862-1931)</h2><style data-emotn="css 8t0ynx">{grid-area:media_wrapper;height:100%;marg-bottom:0.625rem;overflow:visible;width:100vw;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:0 1rem;max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg:0rem;max-width:19.375rem;marg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:21.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:22.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:30rem;}} img:not([data-dynamic-svg]){height:100%;max-width:none;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){ img:not([data-dynamic-svg]){object-f:ver;object-posn:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){ img:not([data-dynamic-svg]){object-f:nta;object-posn:bottom;}}</style><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><style data-emotn="css 5k9guf">{height:to;posn:relative;} figptn{background:rgb(255, 255, 255, 0.8);posn:absolute;bottom:0.3rem;left:0rem;paddg:0.3125rem 0.625rem;lor:#000000;}</style><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="portra of ida b wells" src="" tle="Portra of Ida B. Wells" width="4045" height="5053" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><style data-emotn="css 1am3yn9">{paddg-left:0rem;le-height:1;}</style><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Chigo History Mm</span><style data-emotn="css 5hycvs">{paddg:0 0.3rem;paddg-right:0.3125rem;lor:#6F6F6F;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.2;letter-spacg:0.05em;text-transform:upperse;}</style><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><style data-emotn="css 18oiw2p">{grid-area:meta;text-align:start;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;width:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:3;-ms-flex-orr:3;orr:3;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;max-width:18.75rem;marg-left:1.25rem;marg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:20.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{width:100vw;max-width:21.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:28.75rem;}}</style><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><style data-emotn="css p9b6d7">{grid-area:k;paddg:0rem;} p, ul, ol{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} p em, ul em, ol em{font-style:alic;font-fay:CharterItalic,Geia,Tim,Serif;} a:hover{lor:#323232;text-ratn-lor:borr-th-grey;} {lor:#ffffff;} {lor:#ffffff;}</style><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a dited journalist and femist, Ida B. Wells ed vtigative reportg to shed light on the horrors of the lynchg of Black Amerins the Jim Crow South. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Acrdg to The Guardian" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Acrdg to <em>The Guardian</em></a>, her work ntradicted the mon accepted belief that only rapists and other crimals were killed, rather than jt victims of racism. Wells was also a founr of the NAACP and worked alongsi San B. Anthony durg the women's sufage movement.<em></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">2 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="portra of mary church terrell" src="" tle="Portra Of Mary Church Terrell" width="3595" height="4585" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Stock Montage</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">A graduate of Oberl College, Mary Church Terrell ed her stat as a member of the upper-class Black muny to promote the advancement of her people through activism and tn. A former slave, Terrell's father was one of the South's first Black lnair, <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="acrdg to the Natnal Women's History Mm" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">acrdg to the Natnal Women's History Mm</a>. Terrell found the Natnal Associatn of Colored Women and the NAACP.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">3 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="web dubois" src="" tle="W.E.B. Dubois" width="693" height="1024" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">W.E.B. Du Bois was a soclogist, historian, and edor who found the NAACP 1909. In addn to servg on the board of directors, and as a director of publicy and rearch, the Harvard graduate was also founr and edor of s magaze <em>The Crisis</em>. Through the publitn, he fluenced rears wh ials that were nsired radil at the time. He advoted for protts and challengg of the societal norms that kept Black Amerins segregated om their whe unterparts. He enuraged tegratn and Black natnalism,<a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn=" valu that were direct opposn" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0"> valu that were direct opposn</a> to the more nservative civil rights lear Booker T. Washgton.<em></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn></sectn><div><style data-emotn="css eirk">{-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;grid-area:breaker_ad;} .e1v257yr0{text-align:center;} .e1v257yr0:after{marg-right:0rem;} .e1v257yr0:before{marg-left:0rem;}{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:0.0625rem solid greyLight;marg:0.8125rem 1 0;paddg-bottom:0rem;}</style><style data-emotn="css 1f32s77">{clear:both;lor:#000000;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;marg:1.25rem 0;marg-bottom:1.25rem;marg-top:1.25rem;m-height:523px;posn:static;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;grid-area:breaker_ad;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:138px;}}{borr-bottom:th solid #E8E8E8;ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;posn:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{bottom:0rem;width:-webk-fill-available;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0.9375rem 0 0;}}{clear:both;} .e1v257yr0{text-align:center;} .e1v257yr0:after{marg-right:0rem;} .e1v257yr0:before{marg-left:0rem;}{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:0.0625rem solid greyLight;marg:0.8125rem 1 0;paddg-bottom:0rem;}</style><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><style data-emotn="css 1u7jyug">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:row;-ms-flex-directn:row;flex-directn:row;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;le-height:2rem;marg:0 0.938rem;text-align:center;text-transform:none;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:0 2.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0rem;}}{marg:0 0 0 0.625rem;}{marg:0 0.625rem 0 0;},{background-lor:#E8E8E8;lor:her;ntent:"";-webk-box-flex:1;-webk-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-posive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;posn:relative;top:1rem;} a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.0625rem;lor:her;} a:hover{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-0" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">4 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">A. Philip Randolph (1889-1979)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="a philip randolph at lln memorial" src="" tle="A. Philip Randolph At Lln Memorial" width="3662" height="2423" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a tra unnist and passnate civil rights advote, A. Philip Randolph created the first succsful Black tra unn and led them to (reluctant) acceptance to the Amerin Feratn of Labor. For much of his reer, Randolph fought for equal tra opportuni for Black people. In regards to the abily of Ain Amerins to partake feral ernment employment and ntracts, <a target="_blank" data-strgify-lk=" data-sk="tooltip_parent" href=" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="he vowed to Print Frankl D. Roosevelt" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">he vowed to Print Frankl D. Roosevelt</a> that he'd lead thoands a prott Washgton, D.C., if they didn't receive equal treatment, rultg the POTUS signg an executive orr that banned discrimatn fense dtri and at the feral level. Randolph also found the League for Nonvlent Civil Disobedience Agast Milary Segregatn, which spired Print Harry Tman to sign an executive orr that forba segregatn the ary. He was also a director for 1963's March on Washgton. </p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">5 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Ella Baker (1903-1986)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="miss ella baker" src="" tle="Miss Ella Baker" width="765" height="1024" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Ao Newspaper/Gado</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Ella Baker <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="was a field secretary and branch director for the NAACP" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">was a field secretary and branch director for the NAACP</a>, and found an anizatn that raised money to fight Jim Crow laws. She was also a key anizer for Mart Luther Kg Jr.’s Southern Christian Learship Conference. But her passn was the Stunt Nonvlent Coordatg Commtee, which she found to prrize nonvlent prott. She also helped to anize the 1961 Freedom Ris, and aid registerg Black voters. </p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">6 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Pli Murray (1910-1985)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="pli murray" src="" tle="Pli Murray" width="2544" height="3234" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Pli Murray was an thor, lawyer, women's rights activist, the first Black person to earn a Doctor of the Science of Law gree om Yale, and the first Black woman to be ordaed an Epispal prit. Many of Murray's says, poems, and books ("Negro Are Fed Up," <em>Dark Ttament</em>, <em>Stat' Laws on Race and Color</em>) were sential, foundatnal works of the civil rights movement. Murray found the Congrs of Racial Equaly and the Natnal Organizatn for Women 1966 alongsi many noted femists of the time, and was appoted to Print John F. Kennedy's <em></em><em></em>Commtee on Civil and Polil Rights</p><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0"><em>*Based on her journey wh genr inty, The Pli Murray Center s/he and they/them pronouns when discsg Pli's early life years and she/her/hers when speakg on Pli's later life. Read more on this cisn <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="on their webse." class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">on their webse.</a></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><style data-emotn="css 1y4quq0">{posn:absolute;right:0;top:0;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{height:100%;marg-left:1rem;marg-right:1rem;paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg-right:lc(4 * 1rem);}}</style><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><style data-emotn="css tc5hh6">{borr:none;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{m-height:lc(100% - 100vh);}}</style><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><style data-emotn="css 15moo">{marg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:none;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:block;width:20.625rem;paddg-left:1rem;posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:1.875rem;}}</style><style data-emotn="css k4rgwq">{-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;m-height:523px;marg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{top:5rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:138px;}}{posn:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{bottom:0rem;width:-webk-fill-available;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:th solid #E8E8E8;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:none;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:block;width:20.625rem;paddg-left:1rem;posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:1.875rem;}}</style><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-0" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-1" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">7 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Bayard Rt (1912-1987)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="bayard st at work" src="" tle="Bayard Rt At Work" width="744" height="1024" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Patrick A. Burns</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Bayard Rt's lifelong mment to nonvlence was at the root of his learship activism, as <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="he's creded wh anizg many mass civil rights monstratns" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">he's creded wh anizg many mass civil rights monstratns</a>, cludg 1957's Prayer Pilgrimage to Freedom and 1963's famo March on Washgton. Rt was openly gay, a taboo fact at the time that did not ter Mart Luther Kg, Jr., om valug Rt as an important adviser. He assisted Kg through the Montgomery b boytts and the creatn of the Southern Learship Conference, while also epeng Kg's knowledge of nonvlent tactics that would bee a pillar of the renowned lear's legacy.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><style data-emotn="css q242xx">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumnn;-ms-flex-directn:lumnn;flex-directn:lumnn;height:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:64rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:73.75rem;paddg-left:3.375rem;paddg-right:3.375rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:75rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:90rem;paddg-left:4.125rem;paddg-right:4.125rem;}}</style><div class="css-q242xx e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><style data-emotn="css 189pu4y">{-webk-align-ntent:start;-ms-flex-le-pack:start;align-ntent:start;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;grid-area:ntent;grid-template-rows:repeat(2, to);height:to;marg:0 to;paddg:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:0 0 2rem 0;width:100vw;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg:0rem;grid-to-rows:to max-ntent max-ntent;max-width:39.375rem;grid-template-areas:"media_wrapper meta";}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;-webk-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webk-jtify-ntent:end;jtify-ntent:end;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div class="css-189pu4y e1tmud0h9"><style data-emotn="css 1tvwgbm">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:6.25rem;font-weight:300;grid-area:sli_number;letter-spacg:0.02em;le-height:1.2;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;font-size:7.5rem;le-height:1;}}</style><span class="css-1tvwgbm e1tmud0h5">8 </span><style data-emotn="css 1ilu81h">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;grid-area:tle;marg:0rem;marg-bottom:0.4375rem;marg-top:0.625rem;-webk-orr:0;-ms-flex-orr:0;orr:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-right:1rem;paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-right:3.5rem;paddg-left:3.5rem;font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;paddg-right:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;font-size:1.9375rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h2 class="css-1ilu81h e1tmud0h8">Jo Ann Robson (1912-1992)</h2><style data-emotn="css 14teh3h">@media(max-width: 64rem){{marg:to;}}@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;width:lc(100% - (2 * 1rem));}}@media(m-width: 30rem) and (max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;width:100vw;max-width:19.375rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:21.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:22.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:30rem;}}</style><div class="css-14teh3h e1tmud0h4"><style data-emotn="css 117ibkt">{m-height:733px;}@media(max-width: 30rem){{m-height:531px;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{m-height:648px;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{m-height:818px;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:732px;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{m-height:573px;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{m-height:679px;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{m-height:687px;}}{ntent:"";clear:both;display:table;}</style><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-117ibkt e1dhx11l2"><div supprsHydratnWarng class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><style data-emotn="css 10klw3m">{height:100%;}</style><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ez8lbhw1"><style data-emotn="css m3d82h">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;background-lor:#F5F5F5;lor:#000;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;height:100%;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;marg-bottom:0.9375rem;m-height:733px;}@media(max-width: 30rem){{m-height:531px;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{m-height:648px;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{m-height:818px;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:732px;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{m-height:573px;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{m-height:679px;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{m-height:687px;}}</style><div class="css-m3d82h ez8lbhw0"><style data-emotn="css 1msakm2">{width:3.125rem;height:3.125rem;}</style><img data-dynamic-svg src="/_assets/sign-tokens/e/static/ins/social/;id=lk-out-embed" loadg="lazy" alt="stagram in" height="to" width="to" class="css-1msakm2 ez8lbhw2" /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href=" aria-label="View full post on Instagram" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Instagram</a></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css tmj2mr">{-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;grid-area:meta;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;width:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:3;-ms-flex-orr:3;orr:3;text-align:left;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;max-width:39.375rem;marg-left:0rem;marg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;marg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{width:100vw;max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div class="css-tmj2mr e1tmud0h6"><style data-emotn="css mx32u5">{grid-area:k;paddg:0rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}} p, ul, ol{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} p em, ul em, ol em{font-style:alic;font-fay:CharterItalic,Geia,Tim,Serif;} a:hover{lor:#323232;text-ratn-lor:borr-th-grey;} {lor:#ffffff;} {lor:#ffffff;}</style><div class="css-mx32u5 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a profsor at Alabama State College and print of Montgomery's Women's Polil Council, <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Jo Ann Robson ma segregatg the cy's b her prry" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Jo Ann Robson ma segregatg the cy's b her prry</a>. And though she was already layg the foundatn for a boytt, was Rosa Park's arrt for refg to give up her seat the ont of the b that officially sparked Robson to iate actn. What started as a one-day boytt turned to a months-long fight led by the Montgomery Improvement Associatn (MIA), wh Mart Luther Kg, Jr., as s print. Robson was a proment lear behd the scen of the MIA, largely ntributg to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1956 lg that segregated b were unnstutnal. </p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">9 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Dorothy Height (1912-2010)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="women's rights champn and civil rights" src="" tle="Women's rights champn and civil rights" width="2048" height="1451" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">STEPHEN JAFFE</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">After beg print of the Natnal Council of Negro Women (NCNW), Dorothy Height served the posn for 40 years, makg her one of the most tsted and leadg voic for Black women durg the civil rights movement. It was durg this time that she advoted for crimal jtice reform and was vol about the tragedi of lynchg the South. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="The Women's History Mm " class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">The Women's History Mm </a>creds her exemplary anizg skills as a way that she earned the tst of the lik of Eleanor Roosevelt, Print Lyndon B. Johnson, Mart Luther Kg, Jr., and Print Dwight D. Eisenhower. And as a leadg anizer, Height was also weled on the speaker' s stage at the 1963 March on Washgton, reprentg the only women's group volved the monstratn. In 1994, she was honored wh the Printial Medal of Freedom, and 2004, she was given the Congrsnal Gold Medal.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-1" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-2" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">10 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Rosa Parks (1913-2005)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="civil rights lear rosa parks alabama" src="" tle="Civil Rights Lear Rosa Parks Alabama" width="2874" height="3010" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Rosa Parks's name is synonymo wh the peak of the Amerin civil rights movement. It all stems om December 1, 1955, Montgomery, Alabama, when Parks refed to give up her seat at the ont of the b to a whe passenger. Dpe beg arrted and jailed, her bravery sparked the famo Montgomery B Boytt, which led to the segregatn of b beg emed unnstutnal. But her activism did not beg wh that fateful day. At the time, Park had a passn for social jtice and was the secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She was award the Printial Medal of Freedom by Bill Clton 1996 and was given the Congrsnal Gold Medal 1997. Followg her ath 2005, <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Parks beme the first woman" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Parks beme the first woman</a> to lie honor the Capol Rotunda.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">11 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Whney Young (1921-1971)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="cbs news" src="" tle="CBS News" width="2801" height="2528" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">CBS Photo Archive</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Begng 1961, the World War II veteran was the executive director of the Natnal Urban League for 10 years, where he veloped relatnships wh whe policians to fluence public policy to benef the Black poor and workg class. He was a tsted adviser for prints John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, and Lyndon B. Johnson. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Acrdg to Clark Atlanta Universy," class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Acrdg to Clark Atlanta Universy,</a> Young thored Johnson's "War on Poverty" legislatn.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">12 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Mallm X (1925-1965)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="mallm x speakg at rally" src="" tle="Mallm X Speakg at Rally" width="1024" height="677" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">After he nverted while prison for robbery, Mallm X's Islamic fah was the foundatn of his social jtice advocy. As a proment lear and voice the Natn of Islam, Mallm X preached ials of Black natnalism and pennce by tappg to the anger and tratn that rulted om years of racism and segregatn. He was vol about disagreeg wh the nonvlent tactics of the mastream civil rights movement led by Mart Luther Kg, Jr., sistg that whe people were nately evil and Black people were superr. His words fueled the Black Power movement the 1960s and 70s. However, two years before his ath, he broke om the Natn of Islam, and, 1964, nverted to Sunni Islam. He <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="softened his more extreme views and formed the Organizatn of Ao-Amerin Uny" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">softened his more extreme views and formed the Organizatn of Ao-Amerin Uny</a> hop of globalizg the Black Amerin fight.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-2" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-3" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">13 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Julian Bond (1940-2015)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="the 36th annual naacp image awards portras" src="" tle="The 36th Annual NAACP Image Awards - Portras" width="2121" height="3000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Ray Mickshaw</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Morehoe graduate Julian Bond was a proment and outspoken figure of the civil rights movement. While a stunt at the HBCU, he found the Stunt Nonvlent Coordatn Commtee (SNCC) alongsi John Lewis. The SNCC was opposed to the Vietnam War and repeatedly directed the natnal media's attentn to the racist treatment of Black Amerins the South. Bond was a member of the Geia General Assembly for 20 years and elected to the Geia Hoe of Reprentativ 1965. However, he was blocked om the seat by whe members of the Hoe who saw him as disloyal for opposg the war Vietnam. A year later, the Supreme Court orred him to be seated on the grounds of eedom of speech. He held the posn for six terms. The statman was also the founr of the Southern Poverty Law Center and chairman of the NAACP.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">14 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">John Lewis (1940-2020)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="washgton, dc october 24 civil rights in ngrsman john" src="" tle="WASHINGTON, DC - OCTOBER 24: Civil Rights in Congrsman John" width="4658" height="3178" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">The Washgton Post</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">John Lewis—the man who ed the term "good trouble"—was a pillar for social jtice and a stnch advote for nonvlent civil rights monstratns. Acrdg to <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Encyclopedia Branni" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Encyclopedia Branni</a>, Lewis was arrted and multiple tim the Jim Crow South for anizg s-s at segregated lunch unters and participatg the 1961 Freedom Ris. Dubbed one of the "Big 6" of the civil rights movement (the others clu Mart Luther Kg, Jr., A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilks, Jam Farmer, and Whney Young), Lewis was the youngt speaker and anizer of the March on Washgton. He also led the march om Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, and the crossg of Edmund Pett Bridge, known as "Bloody Sunday," as state troopers btally attacked marchers. Lewis suffered a actured skull, and the events fluenced the passg of the Votg Rights Act, which Lewis remaed a stnch supporter of until his last days. In 1986, he was elected to the Hoe of Reprentativ Geia's 5th district. It was a posn he held until his ath 2020. The polician was also a recipient of the Printial Medal of Freedom, award to him by Barack Obama 2011.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-q242xx e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-189pu4y e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-1tvwgbm e1tmud0h5">15 </span><h2 class="css-1ilu81h e1tmud0h8">Ernte Eckste (1941-1992)</h2><div class="css-14teh3h e1tmud0h4"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-117ibkt e1dhx11l2"><div supprsHydratnWarng class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ez8lbhw1"><div class="css-m3d82h ez8lbhw0"><img data-dynamic-svg src="/_assets/sign-tokens/e/static/ins/social/;id=lk-out-embed" loadg="lazy" alt="stagram in" height="to" width="to" class="css-1msakm2 ez8lbhw2" /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href=" aria-label="View full post on Instagram" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Instagram</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-tmj2mr e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-mx32u5 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a Black woman and a lbian, Ernte Eckste was a leadg supporter of both civil and LGBTQ rights the 1960s and 70s. She worked wh the NAACP and was a member of CORE, but her most fluential posn was as vice print of the New York chapter of Dghters of Bilis, which was the first center solely for lbians NYC. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Eckste also participated the earlit picket le protts" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Eckste also participated the earlit picket le protts</a> for gay rights the untry. There are photos of her monstratg 1965 ont of the Whe Hoe as the only person of lor attendance.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-3" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-4" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">16 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Marsha P. Johnson (1945-1992)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="marsha p johnson" src="" tle="marsha p johnson" width="800" height="533" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Netflix</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Marsha "Pay It No Md" Johnson is known to many as the lear of the gay liberatn movement. She led an uprisg after members of the LGBTQ muny were harassed at at the Stonewall Inn by members of the NYPD 1969. Johnson was a succsful drag queen and ed her fluence to lift up others, creatg the Street Transvte Actn Revolutnari 1970, an anizatn that worked to fd hog for homels transgenr youth.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">17 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Phil Wilson</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="hero the stggle gala" src="" tle="Hero In The Stggle Gala" width="2000" height="3000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Leon Bent</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">After beg diagnosed wh HIV 1987 and seeg his partner die of AIDS jt two years later, Wilson ma his missn to spread awarens and tn of the disease durg a time where very ltle was known. He was the AIDS ordator for the cy of Los Angel and the director of policy and planng for AIDS Project Los Angel, and <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="found the Black AIDS Instute" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">found the Black AIDS Instute</a> 1999 to ensure tn surroundg preventn and treatment would reach muni need through policy. In 2010, Barack Obama appoted Wilson to his Print’s Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA). Wilson retired om his post as print and CEO of the Black AIDS Instute 2018.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><style data-emotn="css oz2irx">{grid-area:ntent;height:to;paddg-left:0rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-right:0rem;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;paddg-right:0rem;grid-to-rows:to max-ntent max-ntent;width:100%;grid-template-areas:"media_wrapper meta";}}</style><div class="css-oz2irx e1tmud0h9"><style data-emotn="css ri07z2">{clear:none;posn:relative;word-break:break-word;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:-webk-max-ntent;width:-moz-max-ntent;width:max-ntent;max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:39.375rem;marg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{width:100%;max-width:43.75rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div data-ad-exclu="(m-width: 90rem)" data-embed="embed-product" size="large" class="size-large align-center embed css-ri07z2 etrqhn80"><style data-emotn="css 17pp2fn">{posn:absolute;top:-1rem;}</style><div id="product-a2497eda-47bf-4042-8f0d-8465b93d4679" class="css-17pp2fn etrqhn81"></div><style data-emotn="css 1o16v28"> {display:block;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-bottom:0.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:39.375rem;width:100vw;display:grid;grid-template-areas:"product_media product_tails";paddg:0rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{grid-template-lumns:1 1;}}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div size="large" class="size-large align-center css-1o16v28 eyaokey4"><style data-emotn="css 1wlxhkh">{grid-area:product_hear;-webk-orr:0;-ms-flex-orr:0;orr:0;}{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}@media(m-width: 20rem){{text-align:center;paddg-bottom:0.4375rem;paddg-right:1rem;paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-bottom:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:none;text-align:left;paddg-right:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;}}(){-webk-align-ems:flex-start;-webk-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-ems:flex-start;display:none;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}@media(m-width: 64rem){(){display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}</style><div class="top css-1wlxhkh eyaokey2"><style data-emotn="css 1go04gh">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:6.25rem;font-weight:300;letter-spacg:0.02em;le-height:1.2;marg-bottom:0.625rem;marg-top:0.625rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:7.5rem;le-height:1;}}</style><div class="css-1go04gh eji0f1k0">18</div><style data-emotn="css 1ulbx">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;marg:0rem;paddg-top:0.3125rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:1.9375rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h2 class="css-1ulbx e8seki10">Michelle Alexanr</h2></div><style data-emotn="css 1ui2xp1">{grid-area:product_media;marg-bottom:0rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:1;-ms-flex-orr:1;orr:1;}} a{marg-top:0rem;}</style><style data-emotn="css vm0m80">{marg-top:0.9375rem;grid-area:product_media;marg-bottom:0rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:1;-ms-flex-orr:1;orr:1;}} a{marg-top:0rem;}</style><style data-emotn="css xyxck0">{marg-top:0.9375rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;grid-area:product_media;marg-bottom:0rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:1;-ms-flex-orr:1;orr:1;}} a{marg-top:0rem;}</style><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" href=" aria-label="$18 at Bookshop for Michelle Alexanr" data-href=" data-product-url=" data-affiliate="te" data-affiliate-url=" data-affiliate-work="{}" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="$18 at Bookshop" data-vars-ga-media-role="1" data-vars-ga-media-type="Sli" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-product-id="a2497eda-47bf-4042-8f0d-8465b93d4679" data-vars-ga-product-price="$17.66" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="ef7dfbf9-09-4a36-8d31-32a8ab17e7f8" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Social Scienc" data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-vars-ga-sku="bookshop_9781620971932" data-vars-ga-magento-trackg="1" class="product-image-lk eyaokey0 en6kra60 css-xyxck0 e1c1bym14"><style data-emotn="css ggbuyb">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:19.375rem;width:100vw;marg:0rem;paddg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:21.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:22.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:30rem;}} img{width:100%;height:100%;object-f:nta;object-posn:50% 50%;}</style><div class="css-ggbuyb e729n7u1"><style data-emotn="css 1pc0key">{width:100%;display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;posn:relative;height:to;}</style><div data-optimizely="product-image-ntaer" class="css-1pc0key e729n7u0"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="Michelle Alexanr" tle="Michelle Alexanr" src="" width="657" height="1000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /></div></div></a><style data-emotn="css 1hk5lek">{-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-orr:3;-ms-flex-orr:3;orr:3;text-align:center;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg-left:0.625rem;marg-right:0.625rem;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:to;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-top:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{marg-left:0rem;marg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-right:0rem;paddg-top:0.625rem;max-width:18.75rem;marg-left:1.25rem;marg-right:0rem;text-align:left;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:20.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:21.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:28.75rem;}}</style><div size="large" class="css-1hk5lek eyaokey1"><div class="css-1wlxhkh eyaokey2"><div class="css-1go04gh eji0f1k0">18</div><h2 class="css-1ulbx e8seki10">Michelle Alexanr</h2></div><style data-emotn="css 1oi4uvn">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;marg-bottom:0rem;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-top:0;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-align-ems:flex-start;-webk-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-ems:flex-start;marg-top:1.25rem;}} a{marg-bottom:0rem;} a{marg-bottom:0.625rem;}</style><div size="large" class="size-large css-1oi4uvn e1a1omje0"><style data-emotn="css 2w4v">{-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;display:le-block;marg-bottom:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:upperse;width:to;paddg:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-lor:#E61957;lor:#ffffff;borr-radi:50rem;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;letter-spacg:0.02em;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}{outle-lor:body-cta-btn-lk-foc;}{background-lor:#9D002F;lor:#ffffff;}</style><style data-emotn="css 1pvwlu4">{-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;display:le-block;marg-bottom:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:upperse;width:to;paddg:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-lor:#E61957;lor:#ffffff;borr-radi:50rem;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;letter-spacg:0.02em;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;display:le-block;marg-bottom:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:upperse;width:to;paddg:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-lor:#E61957;lor:#ffffff;borr-radi:50rem;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;letter-spacg:0.02em;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}{outle-lor:body-cta-btn-lk-foc;}{background-lor:#9D002F;lor:#ffffff;}{outle-lor:body-cta-btn-lk-foc;}{background-lor:#9D002F;lor:#ffffff;}</style><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" href=" aria-label="$18 at Bookshop for Michelle Alexanr" data-href=" data-product-url=" data-affiliate="te" data-affiliate-url=" data-affiliate-work="{}" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="$18 at Bookshop" data-vars-ga-media-role="1" data-vars-ga-media-type="Sli" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-product-id="a2497eda-47bf-4042-8f0d-8465b93d4679" data-vars-ga-product-price="$17.66" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="ef7dfbf9-09-4a36-8d31-32a8ab17e7f8" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Social Scienc" data-vars-ga-gallery-id data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-vars-ga-sku="bookshop_9781620971932" data-vars-ga-magento-trackg="1" role="button" data-ab-label="ProdClick" class="product-btn-lk en6kra60 css-1pvwlu4 e1c1bym14">$18 at Bookshop</a></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css 5t5xw9">{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:39.375rem;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;width:100vw;marg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}} em{font-style:alic;font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;} ol{paddg-left:1.25rem;} strong{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:bold;} ul{paddg-left:1.25rem;}</style><div data-optimizely="product-k-ntaer" class="css-5t5xw9 e19m2cpp0"><p>Wh the publitn of her 2010 btsellg book, <em>The New Jim Crow</em>, Michelle Alexanr helped to change the way race and crimal jtice were discsed Ameri. Her argument? Mass rceratn and the disproportnate arrt of Black people were the untry's new, legal ways to keep segregatn and equaly alive. Alexanr is also a Stanford graduate, a civil rights lawyer, and an tor, and was director of the Racial Jtice Project for the ACLU of Northern California. She is currently a visg profsor at Unn Theologil Semary.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-4" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-5" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">19 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Tarana Burke</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="celebry sightgs new york cy febary 11, 2020" src="" tle="Celebry Sightgs In New York Cy - Febary 11, 2020" width="2199" height="3000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Gilbert Carrasquillo</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a muny anizer and activist, Tarana Burke is known to many as the founr of the #MeToo movement, puttg a hashtag behd the often untold stori of victims of sexual asslt. Though Burke had veloped #metoo years before through her nonprof, JtBe, Inc., beme a cultural movement when thoands ed on social media durg 2017's Harvey Weste sex abe sndal. That same year she was named <em>Time </em>magaze's Person of the Year.<em></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-q242xx e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-189pu4y e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-1tvwgbm e1tmud0h5">20 </span><h2 class="css-1ilu81h e1tmud0h8">Lateefah Simon</h2><div class="css-14teh3h e1tmud0h4"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-117ibkt e1dhx11l2"><div supprsHydratnWarng class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ez8lbhw1"><div class="css-m3d82h ez8lbhw0"><img data-dynamic-svg src="/_assets/sign-tokens/e/static/ins/social/;id=lk-out-embed" loadg="lazy" alt="stagram in" height="to" width="to" class="css-1msakm2 ez8lbhw2" /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href=" aria-label="View full post on Instagram" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Instagram</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-tmj2mr e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-mx32u5 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Based Oakland and the Bay Area, Simon has earned natnal regnn as a civil rights advote sce beg the youngt person ever to receive the MacArthur Foundatn “Geni” Award 2003. After the <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="tragic police killg of Osr Grant" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">tragic police killg of Osr Grant</a>, Simon was elected to the Bay Area Rapid Trans Board of Directors and is now print. In this posn, she fluenc policy through the lens of racial jtice. Simon was also executive director of the Lawyers’ Commtee for Civil Rights of the San Francis Bay Area, and led San Francis's reentry anti-recidivism youth servic divisn unr Vice Print Kamala Harris's time as district attorney.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-5" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><style data-emotn="css 1e54vvi">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}</style><div class="css-1e54vvi erx0a9f9"><style data-emotn="css 16s525c">{marg:0 to;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:0 0 2rem 0;}}@media(m-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 64rem){{paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:0 1rem;max-width:40.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{marg:0 20.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 1.1875rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 2.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 3.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg:0 22.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 20.875rem;paddg:0 1rem;}}</style><div class="css-16s525c erx0a9f8"><style data-emotn="css 2ok9l4">{marg-top:1.875rem;borr-top:th solid #595959;}</style><div data-jam-id="thor-b" class="css-2ok9l4 e13rjwo40"><style data-emotn="css 1ut75dr">{display:grid;grid-template-lumns:to 1;grid-lumn-gap:0.625rem;paddg-top:0.9375rem;paddg-bottom:0.9375rem;clear:both;borr-top:th solid black;}</style><div class="css-1ut75dr e19xk9rq8"><style data-emotn="css irehmq">{borr-radi:50%;height:60px;width:60px;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:40px;height:40px;}}</style><span class="css-irehmq e19xk9rq1"><style data-emotn="css o0wq4v">{width:100%;height:100%;borr-radi:50%;vertil-align:middle;object-f:ver;}</style><img src="" alt="Headshot of McKenzie Jean-Philippe" tle="Headshot of McKenzie Jean-Philippe" width="100%" height="100%" dg="async" loadg="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v e19xk9rq3" /></span><div><style data-emotn="css 3sqxrq">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;grid-gap:4px;-webk-align-ems:basele;-webk-box-align:basele;-ms-flex-align:basele;align-ems:basele;-webk-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webk-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}</style><div class="css-3sqxrq e19xk9rq7"><span class="css-0 e19xk9rq5"><style data-emotn="css 1bkjo21">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#E61957;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;letter-spacg:0.1em;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><style data-emotn="css t7nu">{lor:#E61957;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;letter-spacg:0.1em;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#E61957;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;letter-spacg:0.1em;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href="/thor/220354/mckenzie-jean-philippe/" class="e1c1bym13 css-t7nu e1c1bym14"><span>McKenzie Jean-Philippe</span></a></span></div><style data-emotn="css udz60b">{marg-top:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;}</style><div class="css-udz60b e19xk9rq6">Edorial Assistant</div><style data-emotn="css ffnsqy">{display:-webk-box;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;overflow:hidn;paddg-top:0.5rem;-webk-box-orient:vertil;-webk-le-clamp:5;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{-webk-le-clamp:10;}}>*{display:le;} p{marg:0rem;} p a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;} p a:hover{text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-ffnsqy e19xk9rq4"><p>McKenzie Jean-Philippe is the edorial assistant at <a href=" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> </a>verg pop culture, TV, movi, celebry, and liftyle. She lov a great Oprah viral moment and all thgs Netflix—but e summertime, <em>Big Brother </em>has her heart. On a day off you'll fd her curled up wh a new juicy romance novel.</p></div></div></div><div class="css-1ut75dr e19xk9rq8"><span class="css-irehmq e19xk9rq1"><img src="" alt="Headshot of Jane Burt" tle="Headshot of Jane Burt" width="100%" height="100%" dg="async" loadg="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v e19xk9rq3" /></span><div><div class="css-3sqxrq e19xk9rq7"><span class="css-0 e19xk9rq5"><a href="/thor/242824/jane-burt/" class="e1c1bym13 css-t7nu e1c1bym14"><span>Jane Burt</span></a></span></div><div class="css-udz60b e19xk9rq6">Assistant Edor</div><div class="css-ffnsqy e19xk9rq4"><p>Jane Burt is an Assistant Edor at Oprah Daily, where she wr a variety of liftyle ntent for the edorial team. She's a journalist wh a pop culture sweet tooth—when she isn't tchg up on celebry news, she's ually listeng to a podst! Jane was prevly an on-air reporter lol news, and worked at Thrive Global, Ladrs News, and Rters. She also terned at CNBC through the Emma Bowen Foundatn, and is a member of the Natnal Associatn of Black Journalists (NABJ). </p></div></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css ciejky">{clear:both;marg-top:1.25rem;}</style><div id="journey-le" class="css-ciejky e1cslvxz0"></div><style data-emotn="css 79elbk">{posn:relative;}</style><div class="css-79elbk eg8z2o90"><div class="css-79elbk e1tp40ll1"><div data-anchor-id="P0-0" class="css-0 e1tp40ll0"></div></div><style data-emotn="css hi6ssp">{display:block;grid-area:article_body;grid-lumn:article_body-start/article_body-end;grid-row:to;jtify-self:center;marg:1.25rem 0 0;}@media prt{{display:none;}}@media(max-width: 30rem){{width:100%;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{m-height:28rem;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{width:488px;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{width:612px;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:40.25rem;}}</style><div class="css-hi6ssp eg8z2o92"></div></div></div></div></sectn></div><div></div><div data-teractive="WatchNext-1" class="css-0 e10xr3vp6"><style data-emotn="css 1pqv15d">{marg-bottom:1.875rem;marg-top:1.875rem;paddg:0 0.938rem;}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{paddg:0 2.5rem;}}</style><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-1pqv15d e10xr3vp5"><style data-emotn="css 14vh9p">{text-align:center;marg:0 to;max-width:60rem;}</style><div class="css-14vh9p e10xr3vp4"><style data-emotn="css 1sowyjy">{marg-bottom:1.25rem;}</style><div class="css-1sowyjy e10xr3vp3"><style data-emotn="css qd6w">{marg:0rem;font-weight:bold;borr-image-slice:1;borr-image-source:lear-gradient(to right, #0ED2C6 0 15%, #7A3BAF, #FF3F44);borr-top:0.125rem solid #E61957;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;letter-spacg:0.05em;paddg-top:0.625rem;text-transform:upperse;}</style><h6 class="css-qd6w e10xr3vp2"><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e10xr3vp1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h6><style data-emotn="css od14dt">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;letter-spacg:-0.005em;marg:0rem;m-height:to;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;marg:0.9375rem 0 1.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:2rem;le-height:1.1;marg:1.3rem 0 1.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:2.125rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h6 class="css-od14dt e10xr3vp0"> </h6></div><style data-emotn="css 1ui7hop">{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;--aspect-rat:56.25%;}</style><div class="__rp-ntaer css-1ui7hop e6l0f0"><style data-emotn="css 1yu8e3d">{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;width:100%;height:100%;} .__rp-ntaer{height:to;}</style><div data-embed="embed-vio" class="vio-player css-1yu8e3d e1ou1fny0"><style data-emotn="css 1uds6oo">{height:100%;width:100%;posn:relative;}</style><div class="css-1uds6oo e1f7ylgd6"><style data-emotn="css 1iiivv4">{background-lor:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);borr:.1875rem solid whe;borr-radi:50%;lor:#fff;cursor:poter;height:3.75rem;left:50%;posn:absolute;top:50%;-webk-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-webk-transn:all 0.4s;transn:all 0.4s;width:3.75rem;z-x:1;}.e1f7ylgd6:hover {background-lor:rgba(33, 150, 245, 0.8);lor:#ffffff;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{height:5.625rem;width:5.625rem;borr:.28125rem solid whe;}}</style><button aria-label="Play Vio" class="css-1iiivv4 e1f7ylgd1"><style data-emotn="css 1lhf7lq">{fill:#ffffff;height:1.4rem;vertil-align:middle;width:1.45rem;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:2.3125rem;height:3rem;}}</style><svg xmlns=" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="fill: var(--primary, #000);" role="img" tle="Play" class="css-1lhf7lq e1f7ylgd2"><tle>play in

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* BLACK GAY CIVIL RIGHTS LEADER

30 Civil Rights Lears to Know om Today and the Past</tle><meta name="tle" ntent="30 Civil Rights Lears to Know om Today and the Past" /><meta name="scriptn" ntent="We take a look at proment civil rights lears—female and male alike—who ma their prry to fight for the eedom of Black Amerins." /><meta name="keywords" ntent /><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse" /><meta name="theme-lor" ntent="#000000" /><lk href="/_assets/sign-tokens/oprahdaily/static/imag/" rel="in" /><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="Oprah Daily" /><meta name="fb:app_id" ntent="557569598006399" property="fb:app_id" /><meta name="article:publisher" ntent=" property="article:publisher" /><meta name="twter:se" ntent="@OprahDaily" /><meta name="google-se-verifitn" ntent="82jYkYSOEZ5GE7V8m8gSrd7kxTtY-J37c6dvl60N8" /><meta property="og:tle" ntent="30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent" /><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent="We’ll feel their impact for generatns to e. " /><meta name="robots" ntent="max-image-preview:large,max-snippet:-1,max-vio-preview:30" /><lk rel="apple-touch-in" href="/_assets/sign-tokens/oprahdaily/static/imag/" /><meta property="og:image" ntent="" /><meta property="og:image:width" ntent="1200" /><meta property="og:image:height" ntent="600" /><meta name="thumbnail" ntent="" /><meta name="" ntent="" /><meta name="" ntent=" /><meta name="twter:image" ntent="" /><meta ntent=" property="og:url" /><meta name="to-publish" ntent="never" /><meta property="og:type" ntent="article" /><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary_large_image" /><meta name="article:opn" property="article:opn" /><meta ntent="Culture & News" property="article:sectn" /><meta ntent="2023-04-28T04:24:14Z" property="article:modified_time" /><meta ntent="2023-02-08T16:47:00Z" property="article:published_time" /><meta name="sailth.excerpt" ntent="<p>When you're asked to thk of val <a href="; target="_blank">Black Amerin</a> civil rights lears, ’s likely that <a href="; target="_blank">Dr. Mart Luther Kg, Jr.</a>, stantly to md—and why wouldn’t he? Throughout the 1950s and 60s, the civil rights hero was an unparalleled pillar of strength for Ain Amerins the nonvlent fight toward equaly and the end of legal segregatn the Uned Stat. It’s clear that unrstandg his work—om his arrts to his monstratns to his <a href="; target="_blank">unfettable words of wisdom</a>—is key to havg a clearer picture of Amerin history. <br></p><p>But he’s not the only figure we should actively learn about. Many figur preced him, stood bi him, or me after him and toiled his memory, makg their prry to fight for the eedom of all Black Amerins agast all odds. Although you may regnize a few of the nam om the pag of your history books or <a href="; target="_blank">Black History Month lsons</a>, others may turn out to be wele disveri—like <a href="; target="_blank">hidn figur of our time</a>. You may already know the rt as cril voic of the prent moment who work to ensure we'll never fet that <a href="; target="_blank">#BlackLivMatter.</a> While their llective work spans var s, they all have somethg mon: We'll ntue to feel their impact for generatns to e. </p><p>Here are some highlights om the illtr reers of numero civil ins, cludg: W.E.B. Du Bois, Dorothy Height, John Lewis, Ibram X. 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emProp="em" href="/entertament/g35181270/civil-rights-lears/" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Breadcmbs" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" class="e9l0kn00 css-10asp0m e1c1bym14"><span emProp="name">30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent</span></a><meta emProp="posn" ntent="3" /></li></ol></nav><style data-emotn="css nno972">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:300;grid-lumn:1/-1;marg-bottom:0.9375rem;marg-top:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:2.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;font-size:2.5rem;le-height:1.1;letter-spacg:-0.01em;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-bottom:1rem;font-size:3.25rem;le-height:1.1;letter-spacg:-0.02em;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:3.875rem;le-height:1.05;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{font-size:3.875rem;le-height:1.05;}} span:first-of-type:before{-webk-background-posn:center;background-posn:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;-webk-background-size:ver;background-size:ver;ntent:'';display:block;height:1.125rem;width:1.375rem;} span:first-of-type:before{background-image:url('/_assets/sign-tokens/oprahdaily/static/imag/');}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){ span:first-of-type:before{marg:1.25rem to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){ span:first-of-type:before{marg:1.75rem to;}}</style><h1 class="css-nno972 exadjwu10"><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span>30 Civil Rights Lears of the Past and Prent<span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h1><style data-emotn="css 157op6k">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.3125rem;font-weight:normal;letter-spacg:-0.01em;le-height:1.2;marg-bottom:0;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1.25rem;paddg-right:1.25rem;}} p{marg:0rem;} a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:her;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;} a:hover{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-157op6k exadjwu8"><p>We’ll feel their impact for generatns to e. </p></div><style data-emotn="css 1t9ufoh">{display:block;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;marg-bottom:0.625rem;paddg-right:0.3125rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{marg-top:1.35rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-top:1.75rem;}} addrs{marg:0rem;} span{le-height:1.6;display:le-block;marg:0rem;}</style><div class="css-1t9ufoh exadjwu7"><style data-emotn="css b9totx">{font-style:normal;paddg-right:0.3125rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;}</style><addrs class="css-b9totx ehvvd9m2"><style data-emotn="css 1gwutwq">{paddg-right:0.3125rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;display:block;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;marg:0.625rem 0 0.3125rem;}</style><span class="css-1gwutwq ehvvd9m1">By <style data-emotn="css 7l5upj">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:her;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href="/thor/220354/mckenzie-jean-philippe/" class="css-7l5upj e1c1bym14">McKenzie Jean-Philippe</a> and <a href="/thor/242824/jane-burt/" class="css-7l5upj e1c1bym14">Jane Burt</a></span><style data-emotn="css 1gryrf1">{display:le-block;text-transform:unset;marg-left:0.625rem;}</style><time class="css-1gryrf1 exadjwu6">Published: Feb 8, 2023</time></addrs></div><style data-emotn="css 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1.1875rem;max-width:40.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem 1rem 2.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem 1rem 3.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg:0 22.625rem 1rem 20.875rem;paddg:0rem;}}</style><div class="css-1bw2h88 erx0a9f18"><style data-emotn="css 19di9js">{marg:0 to;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:0 0 2rem 0;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{marg:0 0 1rem 0;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:0 0 1rem 0;}}</style><div class="css-19di9js erx0a9f17"><style data-emotn="css sm2oir">{height:to;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:to lc(50% - 50vw);}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to;}}</style><div class="ntent-lead-image css-sm2oir e5f9kgu2"><style data-emotn="css eag3eq">{posn:relative;height:to;}</style><div class="css-eag3eq e5f9kgu1"><style data-emotn="css 335qep">{posn:relative;width:100%;height:100%;object-f:ver;vertil-align:top;}</style><img fetchPrry="high" alt="civil rights lears" tle="Black civil rights lears" width="2000" height="1000" dg="async" data-nimg="1" style="lor: transparent; width: 100%; height: to;" siz="100vw" srcSet=" 640w, 980w, 1120w, 1200w, 1920w" src="" class="css-335qep exi4f7p0" /></div><style data-emotn="css 5kpeya">{font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;letter-spacg:0.05em;le-height:2rem;text-transform:upperse;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:0.9375rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0;}} span{lor:#6F6F6F;}</style><figptn class="css-5kpeya enfs9c50"><style data-emotn="css 1sepnu9">{paddg-right:0.3125rem;lor:#6F6F6F;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.2;letter-spacg:0.05em;text-transform:upperse;}</style><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div><style data-emotn="css 1mdnnmm">@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:to;}}@media(m-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 64rem){{paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:0rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg:0rem;width:to;}} img{width:100%;}</style><div class="listicle-tro css-1mdnnmm erx0a9f15"><style data-emotn="css aeyldl">{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} strong{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:bold;} em{font-style:alic;font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;}</style><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">When you're asked to thk of val <style data-emotn="css 9cezh6">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#E61957;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Black Amerin" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Black Amerin</a> civil rights lears, ’s likely that <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Dr. Mart Luther Kg, Jr." class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Dr. Mart Luther Kg, Jr.</a>, stantly to md—and why wouldn’t he? Throughout the 1950s and 60s, the civil rights hero was an unparalleled pillar of strength for Ain Amerins the nonvlent fight toward equaly and the end of legal segregatn the Uned Stat. It’s clear that unrstandg his work—om his arrts to his monstratns to his <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="unfettable words of wisdom" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">unfettable words of wisdom</a>—is key to havg a clearer picture of Amerin history. <br /></p><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">But he’s not the only figure we should actively learn about. Many figur preced him, stood bi him, or me after him and toiled his memory, makg their prry to fight for the eedom of all Black Amerins agast all odds. Although you may regnize a few of the nam om the pag of your history books or <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Black History Month lsons" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Black History Month lsons</a>, others may turn out to be wele disveri—like <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="hidn figur of our time" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">hidn figur of our time</a>. You may already know the rt as cril voic of the prent moment who work to ensure we'll never fet that <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="#BlackLivMatter." class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">#BlackLivMatter.</a> While their llective work spans var s, they all have somethg mon: We'll ntue to feel their impact for generatns to e. </p><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Here are some highlights om the illtr reers of numero civil ins, cludg: W.E.B. Du Bois, Dorothy Height, John Lewis, Ibram X. Kendi, and Ruby Bridg.</p></div></div></div></sectn><sectn><style data-emotn="css 19zkmoh">@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-orr:-1;-ms-flex-orr:-1;orr:-1;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{height:100%;marg-left:1rem;marg-right:1rem;paddg:0 1rem 0 1.875rem;posn:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:20.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem) and (max-width: 100rem){{marg-right:lc(4 * 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg-right:lc(3 * 1rem);paddg:0 1rem;}}</style><div class="css-19zkmoh erx0a9f14"><style data-emotn="css azla58">@media(m-width: 64rem){{borr:none;m-height:lc(100% - 100vh);m-width:18.75rem;}}</style><div class="css-azla58 erx0a9f13"><style data-emotn="css 12o1p1l">@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{posn:static;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;top:5rem;}}</style><style data-emotn="css eyaa27">{-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;m-height:523px;}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{top:5rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:138px;}}{posn:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{bottom:0rem;width:-webk-fill-available;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:th solid #E8E8E8;}}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{posn:static;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;top:5rem;}}</style><div class="standard-article-vertil-ad erx0a9f12 css-eyaa27 e6yd7uy2"><style data-emotn="css 14b96eg">{m-width:18.75rem;text-align:center;}</style><div id="gpt-ad-vertil-top" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><style data-emotn="css 1igyocc">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:to;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;marg:0 to;marg-bottom:1rem;marg-top:1rem;posn:flex;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webk-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-bottom:1rem;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-flex-wrap:nowrap;-webk-flex-wrap:nowrap;-ms-flex-wrap:nowrap;flex-wrap:nowrap;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{width:100%;}}</style><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><style data-emotn="css 5htnuj">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:64rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:73.75rem;paddg-left:3.375rem;paddg-right:3.375rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:75rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:90rem;paddg-left:4.125rem;paddg-right:4.125rem;}}</style><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><style data-emotn="css ducv57">{width:100%;height:to;}</style><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><style data-emotn="css 10fz3m9">{-webk-align-ntent:start;-ms-flex-le-pack:start;align-ntent:start;grid-area:ntent;grid-template-rows:repeat(2, to);height:to;marg:0 to;paddg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:100vw;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to;width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:grid;marg:0rem;grid-to-rows:to max-ntent max-ntent;max-width:39.375rem;grid-template-areas:"media_wrapper meta";}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;-webk-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webk-jtify-ntent:end;jtify-ntent:end;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><style data-emotn="css gpmju3">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:6.25rem;font-weight:300;grid-area:sli_number;letter-spacg:0.02em;le-height:1.2;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;font-size:7.5rem;le-height:1;}}</style><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">1 </span><style data-emotn="css 977rqr">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;grid-area:tle;marg:0rem;marg-bottom:1rem;marg-top:0.625rem;-webk-orr:0;-ms-flex-orr:0;orr:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-right:1rem;paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;paddg-right:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;font-size:1.9375rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Ida B. Wells (1862-1931)</h2><style data-emotn="css 8t0ynx">{grid-area:media_wrapper;height:100%;marg-bottom:0.625rem;overflow:visible;width:100vw;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:0 1rem;max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg:0rem;max-width:19.375rem;marg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:21.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:22.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:30rem;}} img:not([data-dynamic-svg]){height:100%;max-width:none;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){ img:not([data-dynamic-svg]){object-f:ver;object-posn:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){ img:not([data-dynamic-svg]){object-f:nta;object-posn:bottom;}}</style><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><style data-emotn="css 5k9guf">{height:to;posn:relative;} figptn{background:rgb(255, 255, 255, 0.8);posn:absolute;bottom:0.3rem;left:0rem;paddg:0.3125rem 0.625rem;lor:#000000;}</style><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="portra of ida b wells" src="" tle="Portra of Ida B. Wells" width="4045" height="5053" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><style data-emotn="css 1am3yn9">{paddg-left:0rem;le-height:1;}</style><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Chigo History Mm</span><style data-emotn="css 5hycvs">{paddg:0 0.3rem;paddg-right:0.3125rem;lor:#6F6F6F;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;le-height:1.2;letter-spacg:0.05em;text-transform:upperse;}</style><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><style data-emotn="css 18oiw2p">{grid-area:meta;text-align:start;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;width:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:3;-ms-flex-orr:3;orr:3;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;max-width:18.75rem;marg-left:1.25rem;marg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:20.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{width:100vw;max-width:21.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:28.75rem;}}</style><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><style data-emotn="css p9b6d7">{grid-area:k;paddg:0rem;} p, ul, ol{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} p em, ul em, ol em{font-style:alic;font-fay:CharterItalic,Geia,Tim,Serif;} a:hover{lor:#323232;text-ratn-lor:borr-th-grey;} {lor:#ffffff;} {lor:#ffffff;}</style><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a dited journalist and femist, Ida B. Wells ed vtigative reportg to shed light on the horrors of the lynchg of Black Amerins the Jim Crow South. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Acrdg to The Guardian" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Acrdg to <em>The Guardian</em></a>, her work ntradicted the mon accepted belief that only rapists and other crimals were killed, rather than jt victims of racism. Wells was also a founr of the NAACP and worked alongsi San B. Anthony durg the women's sufage movement.<em></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">2 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Mary Church Terrell (1863-1954)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="portra of mary church terrell" src="" tle="Portra Of Mary Church Terrell" width="3595" height="4585" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Stock Montage</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">A graduate of Oberl College, Mary Church Terrell ed her stat as a member of the upper-class Black muny to promote the advancement of her people through activism and tn. A former slave, Terrell's father was one of the South's first Black lnair, <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="acrdg to the Natnal Women's History Mm" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">acrdg to the Natnal Women's History Mm</a>. Terrell found the Natnal Associatn of Colored Women and the NAACP.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">3 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="web dubois" src="" tle="W.E.B. Dubois" width="693" height="1024" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">W.E.B. Du Bois was a soclogist, historian, and edor who found the NAACP 1909. In addn to servg on the board of directors, and as a director of publicy and rearch, the Harvard graduate was also founr and edor of s magaze <em>The Crisis</em>. Through the publitn, he fluenced rears wh ials that were nsired radil at the time. He advoted for protts and challengg of the societal norms that kept Black Amerins segregated om their whe unterparts. He enuraged tegratn and Black natnalism,<a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn=" valu that were direct opposn" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0"> valu that were direct opposn</a> to the more nservative civil rights lear Booker T. Washgton.<em></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn></sectn><div><style data-emotn="css eirk">{-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;grid-area:breaker_ad;} .e1v257yr0{text-align:center;} .e1v257yr0:after{marg-right:0rem;} .e1v257yr0:before{marg-left:0rem;}{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:0.0625rem solid greyLight;marg:0.8125rem 1 0;paddg-bottom:0rem;}</style><style data-emotn="css 1f32s77">{clear:both;lor:#000000;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;marg:1.25rem 0;marg-bottom:1.25rem;marg-top:1.25rem;m-height:523px;posn:static;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;grid-area:breaker_ad;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:138px;}}{borr-bottom:th solid #E8E8E8;ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg:0.9375rem 0.938rem 0;posn:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{bottom:0rem;width:-webk-fill-available;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:0.9375rem 2.5rem 0;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0.9375rem 0 0;}}{clear:both;} .e1v257yr0{text-align:center;} .e1v257yr0:after{marg-right:0rem;} .e1v257yr0:before{marg-left:0rem;}{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:0.0625rem solid greyLight;marg:0.8125rem 1 0;paddg-bottom:0rem;}</style><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><style data-emotn="css 1u7jyug">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:row;-ms-flex-directn:row;flex-directn:row;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.70003rem;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;le-height:2rem;marg:0 0.938rem;text-align:center;text-transform:none;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:0 2.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0rem;}}{marg:0 0 0 0.625rem;}{marg:0 0.625rem 0 0;},{background-lor:#E8E8E8;lor:her;ntent:"";-webk-box-flex:1;-webk-flex-grow:1;-ms-flex-posive:1;flex-grow:1;height:0.0625rem;posn:relative;top:1rem;} a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.0625rem;lor:her;} a:hover{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-0" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">4 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">A. Philip Randolph (1889-1979)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="a philip randolph at lln memorial" src="" tle="A. Philip Randolph At Lln Memorial" width="3662" height="2423" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a tra unnist and passnate civil rights advote, A. Philip Randolph created the first succsful Black tra unn and led them to (reluctant) acceptance to the Amerin Feratn of Labor. For much of his reer, Randolph fought for equal tra opportuni for Black people. In regards to the abily of Ain Amerins to partake feral ernment employment and ntracts, <a target="_blank" data-strgify-lk=" data-sk="tooltip_parent" href=" rel="noopener noreferrer" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="he vowed to Print Frankl D. Roosevelt" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">he vowed to Print Frankl D. Roosevelt</a> that he'd lead thoands a prott Washgton, D.C., if they didn't receive equal treatment, rultg the POTUS signg an executive orr that banned discrimatn fense dtri and at the feral level. Randolph also found the League for Nonvlent Civil Disobedience Agast Milary Segregatn, which spired Print Harry Tman to sign an executive orr that forba segregatn the ary. He was also a director for 1963's March on Washgton. </p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">5 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Ella Baker (1903-1986)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="miss ella baker" src="" tle="Miss Ella Baker" width="765" height="1024" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Ao Newspaper/Gado</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Ella Baker <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="was a field secretary and branch director for the NAACP" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">was a field secretary and branch director for the NAACP</a>, and found an anizatn that raised money to fight Jim Crow laws. She was also a key anizer for Mart Luther Kg Jr.’s Southern Christian Learship Conference. But her passn was the Stunt Nonvlent Coordatg Commtee, which she found to prrize nonvlent prott. She also helped to anize the 1961 Freedom Ris, and aid registerg Black voters. </p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">6 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Pli Murray (1910-1985)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="pli murray" src="" tle="Pli Murray" width="2544" height="3234" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Pli Murray was an thor, lawyer, women's rights activist, the first Black person to earn a Doctor of the Science of Law gree om Yale, and the first Black woman to be ordaed an Epispal prit. Many of Murray's says, poems, and books ("Negro Are Fed Up," <em>Dark Ttament</em>, <em>Stat' Laws on Race and Color</em>) were sential, foundatnal works of the civil rights movement. Murray found the Congrs of Racial Equaly and the Natnal Organizatn for Women 1966 alongsi many noted femists of the time, and was appoted to Print John F. Kennedy's <em></em><em></em>Commtee on Civil and Polil Rights</p><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0"><em>*Based on her journey wh genr inty, The Pli Murray Center s/he and they/them pronouns when discsg Pli's early life years and she/her/hers when speakg on Pli's later life. Read more on this cisn <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="on their webse." class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">on their webse.</a></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><style data-emotn="css 1y4quq0">{posn:absolute;right:0;top:0;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{height:100%;marg-left:1rem;marg-right:1rem;paddg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg-right:lc(4 * 1rem);}}</style><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><style data-emotn="css tc5hh6">{borr:none;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{m-height:lc(100% - 100vh);}}</style><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><style data-emotn="css 15moo">{marg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:none;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:block;width:20.625rem;paddg-left:1rem;posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:1.875rem;}}</style><style data-emotn="css k4rgwq">{-webk-box-pack:jtify;-webk-jtify-ntent:space-between;jtify-ntent:space-between;m-height:523px;marg:0rem;}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{top:5rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:138px;}}{posn:static;}@media(max-width: 40.625rem){{bottom:0rem;width:-webk-fill-available;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{ntent:"";display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;borr-bottom:th solid #E8E8E8;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:none;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:block;width:20.625rem;paddg-left:1rem;posn:-webk-sticky;posn:sticky;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-left:1.875rem;}}</style><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-0" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-1" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">7 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Bayard Rt (1912-1987)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="bayard st at work" src="" tle="Bayard Rt At Work" width="744" height="1024" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Patrick A. Burns</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Bayard Rt's lifelong mment to nonvlence was at the root of his learship activism, as <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="he's creded wh anizg many mass civil rights monstratns" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">he's creded wh anizg many mass civil rights monstratns</a>, cludg 1957's Prayer Pilgrimage to Freedom and 1963's famo March on Washgton. Rt was openly gay, a taboo fact at the time that did not ter Mart Luther Kg, Jr., om valug Rt as an important adviser. He assisted Kg through the Montgomery b boytts and the creatn of the Southern Learship Conference, while also epeng Kg's knowledge of nonvlent tactics that would bee a pillar of the renowned lear's legacy.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><style data-emotn="css q242xx">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumnn;-ms-flex-directn:lumnn;flex-directn:lumnn;height:to;width:100%;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:64rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:73.75rem;paddg-left:3.375rem;paddg-right:3.375rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:75rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:90rem;paddg-left:4.125rem;paddg-right:4.125rem;}}</style><div class="css-q242xx e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><style data-emotn="css 189pu4y">{-webk-align-ntent:start;-ms-flex-le-pack:start;align-ntent:start;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;grid-area:ntent;grid-template-rows:repeat(2, to);height:to;marg:0 to;paddg:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:0 0 2rem 0;width:100vw;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg:to;width:100%;max-width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg:0rem;grid-to-rows:to max-ntent max-ntent;max-width:39.375rem;grid-template-areas:"media_wrapper meta";}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;-webk-box-pack:end;-ms-flex-pack:end;-webk-jtify-ntent:end;jtify-ntent:end;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div class="css-189pu4y e1tmud0h9"><style data-emotn="css 1tvwgbm">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:6.25rem;font-weight:300;grid-area:sli_number;letter-spacg:0.02em;le-height:1.2;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;font-size:7.5rem;le-height:1;}}</style><span class="css-1tvwgbm e1tmud0h5">8 </span><style data-emotn="css 1ilu81h">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;grid-area:tle;marg:0rem;marg-bottom:0.4375rem;marg-top:0.625rem;-webk-orr:0;-ms-flex-orr:0;orr:0;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{text-align:center;}}@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-right:1rem;paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-right:3.5rem;paddg-left:3.5rem;font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{text-align:left;paddg-right:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;font-size:1.9375rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h2 class="css-1ilu81h e1tmud0h8">Jo Ann Robson (1912-1992)</h2><style data-emotn="css 14teh3h">@media(max-width: 64rem){{marg:to;}}@media(m-width: 20rem){{paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;width:lc(100% - (2 * 1rem));}}@media(m-width: 30rem) and (max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;width:100vw;max-width:19.375rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:21.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:22.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:30rem;}}</style><div class="css-14teh3h e1tmud0h4"><style data-emotn="css 117ibkt">{m-height:733px;}@media(max-width: 30rem){{m-height:531px;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{m-height:648px;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{m-height:818px;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:732px;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{m-height:573px;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{m-height:679px;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{m-height:687px;}}{ntent:"";clear:both;display:table;}</style><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-117ibkt e1dhx11l2"><div supprsHydratnWarng class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><style data-emotn="css 10klw3m">{height:100%;}</style><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ez8lbhw1"><style data-emotn="css m3d82h">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;background-lor:#F5F5F5;lor:#000;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;height:100%;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;marg-bottom:0.9375rem;m-height:733px;}@media(max-width: 30rem){{m-height:531px;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{m-height:648px;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{m-height:818px;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{m-height:732px;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{m-height:573px;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{m-height:679px;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{m-height:687px;}}</style><div class="css-m3d82h ez8lbhw0"><style data-emotn="css 1msakm2">{width:3.125rem;height:3.125rem;}</style><img data-dynamic-svg src="/_assets/sign-tokens/e/static/ins/social/;id=lk-out-embed" loadg="lazy" alt="stagram in" height="to" width="to" class="css-1msakm2 ez8lbhw2" /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href=" aria-label="View full post on Instagram" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Instagram</a></div></div></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css tmj2mr">{-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;grid-area:meta;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;width:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg-left:to;marg-right:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:3;-ms-flex-orr:3;orr:3;text-align:left;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;max-width:39.375rem;marg-left:0rem;marg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;marg-left:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{width:100vw;max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div class="css-tmj2mr e1tmud0h6"><style data-emotn="css mx32u5">{grid-area:k;paddg:0rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-left:0rem;}} p, ul, ol{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;} p em, ul em, ol em{font-style:alic;font-fay:CharterItalic,Geia,Tim,Serif;} a:hover{lor:#323232;text-ratn-lor:borr-th-grey;} {lor:#ffffff;} {lor:#ffffff;}</style><div class="css-mx32u5 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a profsor at Alabama State College and print of Montgomery's Women's Polil Council, <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Jo Ann Robson ma segregatg the cy's b her prry" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Jo Ann Robson ma segregatg the cy's b her prry</a>. And though she was already layg the foundatn for a boytt, was Rosa Park's arrt for refg to give up her seat the ont of the b that officially sparked Robson to iate actn. What started as a one-day boytt turned to a months-long fight led by the Montgomery Improvement Associatn (MIA), wh Mart Luther Kg, Jr., as s print. Robson was a proment lear behd the scen of the MIA, largely ntributg to the U.S. Supreme Court's 1956 lg that segregated b were unnstutnal. </p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">9 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Dorothy Height (1912-2010)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="women's rights champn and civil rights" src="" tle="Women's rights champn and civil rights" width="2048" height="1451" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">STEPHEN JAFFE</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">After beg print of the Natnal Council of Negro Women (NCNW), Dorothy Height served the posn for 40 years, makg her one of the most tsted and leadg voic for Black women durg the civil rights movement. It was durg this time that she advoted for crimal jtice reform and was vol about the tragedi of lynchg the South. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="The Women's History Mm " class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">The Women's History Mm </a>creds her exemplary anizg skills as a way that she earned the tst of the lik of Eleanor Roosevelt, Print Lyndon B. Johnson, Mart Luther Kg, Jr., and Print Dwight D. Eisenhower. And as a leadg anizer, Height was also weled on the speaker' s stage at the 1963 March on Washgton, reprentg the only women's group volved the monstratn. In 1994, she was honored wh the Printial Medal of Freedom, and 2004, she was given the Congrsnal Gold Medal.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-1" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-2" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">10 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Rosa Parks (1913-2005)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="civil rights lear rosa parks alabama" src="" tle="Civil Rights Lear Rosa Parks Alabama" width="2874" height="3010" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Rosa Parks's name is synonymo wh the peak of the Amerin civil rights movement. It all stems om December 1, 1955, Montgomery, Alabama, when Parks refed to give up her seat at the ont of the b to a whe passenger. Dpe beg arrted and jailed, her bravery sparked the famo Montgomery B Boytt, which led to the segregatn of b beg emed unnstutnal. But her activism did not beg wh that fateful day. At the time, Park had a passn for social jtice and was the secretary of the Montgomery chapter of the NAACP. She was award the Printial Medal of Freedom by Bill Clton 1996 and was given the Congrsnal Gold Medal 1997. Followg her ath 2005, <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Parks beme the first woman" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Parks beme the first woman</a> to lie honor the Capol Rotunda.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">11 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Whney Young (1921-1971)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="cbs news" src="" tle="CBS News" width="2801" height="2528" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">CBS Photo Archive</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Begng 1961, the World War II veteran was the executive director of the Natnal Urban League for 10 years, where he veloped relatnships wh whe policians to fluence public policy to benef the Black poor and workg class. He was a tsted adviser for prints John F. Kennedy, Richard Nixon, and Lyndon B. Johnson. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Acrdg to Clark Atlanta Universy," class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Acrdg to Clark Atlanta Universy,</a> Young thored Johnson's "War on Poverty" legislatn.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">12 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Mallm X (1925-1965)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="mallm x speakg at rally" src="" tle="Mallm X Speakg at Rally" width="1024" height="677" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Bettmann</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">After he nverted while prison for robbery, Mallm X's Islamic fah was the foundatn of his social jtice advocy. As a proment lear and voice the Natn of Islam, Mallm X preached ials of Black natnalism and pennce by tappg to the anger and tratn that rulted om years of racism and segregatn. He was vol about disagreeg wh the nonvlent tactics of the mastream civil rights movement led by Mart Luther Kg, Jr., sistg that whe people were nately evil and Black people were superr. His words fueled the Black Power movement the 1960s and 70s. However, two years before his ath, he broke om the Natn of Islam, and, 1964, nverted to Sunni Islam. He <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="softened his more extreme views and formed the Organizatn of Ao-Amerin Uny" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">softened his more extreme views and formed the Organizatn of Ao-Amerin Uny</a> hop of globalizg the Black Amerin fight.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-2" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-3" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">13 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Julian Bond (1940-2015)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="the 36th annual naacp image awards portras" src="" tle="The 36th Annual NAACP Image Awards - Portras" width="2121" height="3000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Ray Mickshaw</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Morehoe graduate Julian Bond was a proment and outspoken figure of the civil rights movement. While a stunt at the HBCU, he found the Stunt Nonvlent Coordatn Commtee (SNCC) alongsi John Lewis. The SNCC was opposed to the Vietnam War and repeatedly directed the natnal media's attentn to the racist treatment of Black Amerins the South. Bond was a member of the Geia General Assembly for 20 years and elected to the Geia Hoe of Reprentativ 1965. However, he was blocked om the seat by whe members of the Hoe who saw him as disloyal for opposg the war Vietnam. A year later, the Supreme Court orred him to be seated on the grounds of eedom of speech. He held the posn for six terms. The statman was also the founr of the Southern Poverty Law Center and chairman of the NAACP.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">14 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">John Lewis (1940-2020)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="washgton, dc october 24 civil rights in ngrsman john" src="" tle="WASHINGTON, DC - OCTOBER 24: Civil Rights in Congrsman John" width="4658" height="3178" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">The Washgton Post</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">John Lewis—the man who ed the term "good trouble"—was a pillar for social jtice and a stnch advote for nonvlent civil rights monstratns. Acrdg to <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Encyclopedia Branni" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Encyclopedia Branni</a>, Lewis was arrted and multiple tim the Jim Crow South for anizg s-s at segregated lunch unters and participatg the 1961 Freedom Ris. Dubbed one of the "Big 6" of the civil rights movement (the others clu Mart Luther Kg, Jr., A. Philip Randolph, Roy Wilks, Jam Farmer, and Whney Young), Lewis was the youngt speaker and anizer of the March on Washgton. He also led the march om Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, and the crossg of Edmund Pett Bridge, known as "Bloody Sunday," as state troopers btally attacked marchers. Lewis suffered a actured skull, and the events fluenced the passg of the Votg Rights Act, which Lewis remaed a stnch supporter of until his last days. In 1986, he was elected to the Hoe of Reprentativ Geia's 5th district. It was a posn he held until his ath 2020. The polician was also a recipient of the Printial Medal of Freedom, award to him by Barack Obama 2011.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-q242xx e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-189pu4y e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-1tvwgbm e1tmud0h5">15 </span><h2 class="css-1ilu81h e1tmud0h8">Ernte Eckste (1941-1992)</h2><div class="css-14teh3h e1tmud0h4"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-117ibkt e1dhx11l2"><div supprsHydratnWarng class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ez8lbhw1"><div class="css-m3d82h ez8lbhw0"><img data-dynamic-svg src="/_assets/sign-tokens/e/static/ins/social/;id=lk-out-embed" loadg="lazy" alt="stagram in" height="to" width="to" class="css-1msakm2 ez8lbhw2" /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href=" aria-label="View full post on Instagram" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Instagram</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-tmj2mr e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-mx32u5 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a Black woman and a lbian, Ernte Eckste was a leadg supporter of both civil and LGBTQ rights the 1960s and 70s. She worked wh the NAACP and was a member of CORE, but her most fluential posn was as vice print of the New York chapter of Dghters of Bilis, which was the first center solely for lbians NYC. <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="Eckste also participated the earlit picket le protts" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">Eckste also participated the earlit picket le protts</a> for gay rights the untry. There are photos of her monstratg 1965 ont of the Whe Hoe as the only person of lor attendance.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-3" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-4" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">16 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Marsha P. Johnson (1945-1992)</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="marsha p johnson" src="" tle="marsha p johnson" width="800" height="533" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Netflix</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Marsha "Pay It No Md" Johnson is known to many as the lear of the gay liberatn movement. She led an uprisg after members of the LGBTQ muny were harassed at at the Stonewall Inn by members of the NYPD 1969. Johnson was a succsful drag queen and ed her fluence to lift up others, creatg the Street Transvte Actn Revolutnari 1970, an anizatn that worked to fd hog for homels transgenr youth.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">17 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Phil Wilson</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="hero the stggle gala" src="" tle="Hero In The Stggle Gala" width="2000" height="3000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Leon Bent</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">After beg diagnosed wh HIV 1987 and seeg his partner die of AIDS jt two years later, Wilson ma his missn to spread awarens and tn of the disease durg a time where very ltle was known. He was the AIDS ordator for the cy of Los Angel and the director of policy and planng for AIDS Project Los Angel, and <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="found the Black AIDS Instute" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">found the Black AIDS Instute</a> 1999 to ensure tn surroundg preventn and treatment would reach muni need through policy. In 2010, Barack Obama appoted Wilson to his Print’s Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS (PACHA). Wilson retired om his post as print and CEO of the Black AIDS Instute 2018.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><style data-emotn="css oz2irx">{grid-area:ntent;height:to;paddg-left:0rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{paddg-right:0rem;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;width:100%;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;paddg-right:0rem;grid-to-rows:to max-ntent max-ntent;width:100%;grid-template-areas:"media_wrapper meta";}}</style><div class="css-oz2irx e1tmud0h9"><style data-emotn="css ri07z2">{clear:none;posn:relative;word-break:break-word;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:-webk-max-ntent;width:-moz-max-ntent;width:max-ntent;max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:39.375rem;marg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{width:100%;max-width:43.75rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div data-ad-exclu="(m-width: 90rem)" data-embed="embed-product" size="large" class="size-large align-center embed css-ri07z2 etrqhn80"><style data-emotn="css 17pp2fn">{posn:absolute;top:-1rem;}</style><div id="product-a2497eda-47bf-4042-8f0d-8465b93d4679" class="css-17pp2fn etrqhn81"></div><style data-emotn="css 1o16v28"> {display:block;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-bottom:0.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:39.375rem;width:100vw;display:grid;grid-template-areas:"product_media product_tails";paddg:0rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{grid-template-lumns:1 1;}}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}}</style><div size="large" class="size-large align-center css-1o16v28 eyaokey4"><style data-emotn="css 1wlxhkh">{grid-area:product_hear;-webk-orr:0;-ms-flex-orr:0;orr:0;}{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}@media(m-width: 20rem){{text-align:center;paddg-bottom:0.4375rem;paddg-right:1rem;paddg-left:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg-bottom:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{display:none;text-align:left;paddg-right:0rem;paddg-left:0rem;}}(){-webk-align-ems:flex-start;-webk-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-ems:flex-start;display:none;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}@media(m-width: 64rem){(){display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;}}</style><div class="top css-1wlxhkh eyaokey2"><style data-emotn="css 1go04gh">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:6.25rem;font-weight:300;letter-spacg:0.02em;le-height:1.2;marg-bottom:0.625rem;marg-top:0.625rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:7.5rem;le-height:1;}}</style><div class="css-1go04gh eji0f1k0">18</div><style data-emotn="css 1ulbx">{font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;marg:0rem;paddg-top:0.3125rem;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.5rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:1.9375rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h2 class="css-1ulbx e8seki10">Michelle Alexanr</h2></div><style data-emotn="css 1ui2xp1">{grid-area:product_media;marg-bottom:0rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:1;-ms-flex-orr:1;orr:1;}} a{marg-top:0rem;}</style><style data-emotn="css vm0m80">{marg-top:0.9375rem;grid-area:product_media;marg-bottom:0rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:1;-ms-flex-orr:1;orr:1;}} a{marg-top:0rem;}</style><style data-emotn="css xyxck0">{marg-top:0.9375rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;grid-area:product_media;marg-bottom:0rem;marg-top:0.9375rem;}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-orr:1;-ms-flex-orr:1;orr:1;}} a{marg-top:0rem;}</style><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" href=" aria-label="$18 at Bookshop for Michelle Alexanr" data-href=" data-product-url=" data-affiliate="te" data-affiliate-url=" data-affiliate-work="{}" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="$18 at Bookshop" data-vars-ga-media-role="1" data-vars-ga-media-type="Sli" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-product-id="a2497eda-47bf-4042-8f0d-8465b93d4679" data-vars-ga-product-price="$17.66" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="ef7dfbf9-09-4a36-8d31-32a8ab17e7f8" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Social Scienc" data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-vars-ga-sku="bookshop_9781620971932" data-vars-ga-magento-trackg="1" class="product-image-lk eyaokey0 en6kra60 css-xyxck0 e1c1bym14"><style data-emotn="css ggbuyb">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:100vw;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:19.375rem;width:100vw;marg:0rem;paddg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:21.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:22.5rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:30rem;}} img{width:100%;height:100%;object-f:nta;object-posn:50% 50%;}</style><div class="css-ggbuyb e729n7u1"><style data-emotn="css 1pc0key">{width:100%;display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;posn:relative;height:to;}</style><div data-optimizely="product-image-ntaer" class="css-1pc0key e729n7u0"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="Michelle Alexanr" tle="Michelle Alexanr" src="" width="657" height="1000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /></div></div></a><style data-emotn="css 1hk5lek">{-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;-webk-orr:3;-ms-flex-orr:3;orr:3;text-align:center;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg-left:0.625rem;marg-right:0.625rem;}}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:to;}}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{paddg-top:1rem;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{marg-left:0rem;marg-right:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{paddg-right:0rem;paddg-top:0.625rem;max-width:18.75rem;marg-left:1.25rem;marg-right:0rem;text-align:left;-webk-align-self:flex-start;-ms-flex-em-align:flex-start;align-self:flex-start;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:20.625rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:21.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:28.75rem;}}</style><div size="large" class="css-1hk5lek eyaokey1"><div class="css-1wlxhkh eyaokey2"><div class="css-1go04gh eji0f1k0">18</div><h2 class="css-1ulbx e8seki10">Michelle Alexanr</h2></div><style data-emotn="css 1oi4uvn">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webk-flex-directn:lumn;-ms-flex-directn:lumn;flex-directn:lumn;marg-bottom:0rem;}@media(max-width: 73.75rem){{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{marg-top:0;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{-webk-align-ems:flex-start;-webk-box-align:flex-start;-ms-flex-align:flex-start;align-ems:flex-start;marg-top:1.25rem;}} a{marg-bottom:0rem;} a{marg-bottom:0.625rem;}</style><div size="large" class="size-large css-1oi4uvn e1a1omje0"><style data-emotn="css 2w4v">{-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;display:le-block;marg-bottom:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:upperse;width:to;paddg:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-lor:#E61957;lor:#ffffff;borr-radi:50rem;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;letter-spacg:0.02em;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}{outle-lor:body-cta-btn-lk-foc;}{background-lor:#9D002F;lor:#ffffff;}</style><style data-emotn="css 1pvwlu4">{-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;display:le-block;marg-bottom:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:upperse;width:to;paddg:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-lor:#E61957;lor:#ffffff;borr-radi:50rem;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;letter-spacg:0.02em;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;display:le-block;marg-bottom:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;text-transform:upperse;width:to;paddg:0.625rem 1.25rem;background-lor:#E61957;lor:#ffffff;borr-radi:50rem;font-weight:bold;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;letter-spacg:0.02em;text-align:center;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}{outle-lor:body-cta-btn-lk-foc;}{background-lor:#9D002F;lor:#ffffff;}{outle-lor:body-cta-btn-lk-foc;}{background-lor:#9D002F;lor:#ffffff;}</style><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" href=" aria-label="$18 at Bookshop for Michelle Alexanr" data-href=" data-product-url=" data-affiliate="te" data-affiliate-url=" data-affiliate-work="{}" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="$18 at Bookshop" data-vars-ga-media-role="1" data-vars-ga-media-type="Sli" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-product-id="a2497eda-47bf-4042-8f0d-8465b93d4679" data-vars-ga-product-price="$17.66" data-vars-ga-product-retailer-id="ef7dfbf9-09-4a36-8d31-32a8ab17e7f8" data-vars-ga-product-sem3-tegory="Social Scienc" data-vars-ga-gallery-id data-vars-ga-lk-treatment="(not set) | (not set)" data-vars-ga-sku="bookshop_9781620971932" data-vars-ga-magento-trackg="1" role="button" data-ab-label="ProdClick" class="product-btn-lk en6kra60 css-1pvwlu4 e1c1bym14">$18 at Bookshop</a></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css 5t5xw9">{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-size:1.1875rem;le-height:1.6;paddg-left:1rem;paddg-right:1rem;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{width:to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{max-width:40.25rem;marg:0 to;}}@media(m-width: 48rem) and (max-width: 73.75rem){{width:lc(20.625rem * 2 - 1rem);}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:39.375rem;paddg-left:0rem;paddg-right:0rem;width:100vw;marg:0rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{max-width:43.75rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{max-width:45rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{max-width:60rem;}} em{font-style:alic;font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;} ol{paddg-left:1.25rem;} strong{font-fay:Charter,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:bold;} ul{paddg-left:1.25rem;}</style><div data-optimizely="product-k-ntaer" class="css-5t5xw9 e19m2cpp0"><p>Wh the publitn of her 2010 btsellg book, <em>The New Jim Crow</em>, Michelle Alexanr helped to change the way race and crimal jtice were discsed Ameri. Her argument? Mass rceratn and the disproportnate arrt of Black people were the untry's new, legal ways to keep segregatn and equaly alive. Alexanr is also a Stanford graduate, a civil rights lawyer, and an tor, and was director of the Racial Jtice Project for the ACLU of Northern California. She is currently a visg profsor at Unn Theologil Semary.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-4" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><div><div class="gpt-breaker-ntaer breaker-ad breaker-ad listicle-sli-list-ad e1tmud0h2 css-1f32s77 e152u5os0"><div class="css-1u7jyug e1v257yr0">Advertisement - Contue Readg Below</div><div id="listicle-ad-breaker-5" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-5htnuj e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-10fz3m9 e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-gpmju3 e1tmud0h5">19 </span><h2 class="css-977rqr e1tmud0h8">Tarana Burke</h2><div class="css-8t0ynx e1tmud0h3"><div class="css-5k9guf ew0wum60"><img srcSet=" 640w, 980w" alt="celebry sightgs new york cy febary 11, 2020" src="" tle="Celebry Sightgs In New York Cy - Febary 11, 2020" width="2199" height="3000" dg="async" loadg="lazy" /><figptn class="css-1am3yn9 enfs9c50"><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd2">Gilbert Carrasquillo</span><span class="css-5hycvs e6iqd0">//</span><span class="css-1sepnu9 e6iqd1">Getty Imag</span></figptn></div></div><div class="css-18oiw2p e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-p9b6d7 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">As a muny anizer and activist, Tarana Burke is known to many as the founr of the #MeToo movement, puttg a hashtag behd the often untold stori of victims of sexual asslt. Though Burke had veloped #metoo years before through her nonprof, JtBe, Inc., beme a cultural movement when thoands ed on social media durg 2017's Harvey Weste sex abe sndal. That same year she was named <em>Time </em>magaze's Person of the Year.<em></em></p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-1igyocc e1tmud0h11"><div class="css-q242xx e1tmud0h10"><div class="listicle-slis css-ducv57 eemzdg80"><div class="css-189pu4y e1tmud0h9"><span class="css-1tvwgbm e1tmud0h5">20 </span><h2 class="css-1ilu81h e1tmud0h8">Lateefah Simon</h2><div class="css-14teh3h e1tmud0h4"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-117ibkt e1dhx11l2"><div supprsHydratnWarng class="embed css-0 e9hzx6g0"><div data-embed="stagram" class="embed align-center css-10klw3m ez8lbhw1"><div class="css-m3d82h ez8lbhw0"><img data-dynamic-svg src="/_assets/sign-tokens/e/static/ins/social/;id=lk-out-embed" loadg="lazy" alt="stagram in" height="to" width="to" class="css-1msakm2 ez8lbhw2" /><a target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" href=" aria-label="View full post on Instagram" class="css-0 e1c1bym14">View full post on Instagram</a></div></div></div></div></div><div class="css-tmj2mr e1tmud0h6"><div class="css-mx32u5 e1tmud0h7"><p class="css-aeyldl et3p2gv0">Based Oakland and the Bay Area, Simon has earned natnal regnn as a civil rights advote sce beg the youngt person ever to receive the MacArthur Foundatn “Geni” Award 2003. After the <a href=" target="_blank" data-vars-ga-outbound-lk=" data-vars-ga-ux-element="Hyperlk" data-vars-ga-ll-to-actn="tragic police killg of Osr Grant" class="body-lk css-9cezh6 et3p2gv0">tragic police killg of Osr Grant</a>, Simon was elected to the Bay Area Rapid Trans Board of Directors and is now print. In this posn, she fluenc policy through the lens of racial jtice. Simon was also executive director of the Lawyers’ Commtee for Civil Rights of the San Francis Bay Area, and led San Francis's reentry anti-recidivism youth servic divisn unr Vice Print Kamala Harris's time as district attorney.</p></div></div></div></div></div></sectn><div class="css-1y4quq0 e1tmud0h0"><div class="vertil-ad right-rail-ad listicle--ad-rail css-tc5hh6 erx0a9f5"><div class="erx0a9f6 css-k4rgwq e6yd7uy2"><div id="listicle-ad-rail-5" class="ad-ntaer css-14b96eg e1hka4w80"></div></div></div></div></sectn><sectn class="css-t6ry6e erx0a9f20"><style data-emotn="css 1e54vvi">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;width:100%;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;}</style><div class="css-1e54vvi erx0a9f9"><style data-emotn="css 16s525c">{marg:0 to;width:100%;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{marg:0 0 2rem 0;}}@media(m-width: 20rem) and (max-width: 64rem){{paddg:0 1rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{paddg:0 1rem;max-width:40.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{marg:0 20.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 1.1875rem;}}@media(m-width: 73.75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 2.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 75rem){{marg:0 20.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 3.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 90rem){{marg:0 22.625rem lc(2 * 1rem) 20.875rem;paddg:0 1rem;}}</style><div class="css-16s525c erx0a9f8"><style data-emotn="css 2ok9l4">{marg-top:1.875rem;borr-top:th solid #595959;}</style><div data-jam-id="thor-b" class="css-2ok9l4 e13rjwo40"><style data-emotn="css 1ut75dr">{display:grid;grid-template-lumns:to 1;grid-lumn-gap:0.625rem;paddg-top:0.9375rem;paddg-bottom:0.9375rem;clear:both;borr-top:th solid black;}</style><div class="css-1ut75dr e19xk9rq8"><style data-emotn="css irehmq">{borr-radi:50%;height:60px;width:60px;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{width:40px;height:40px;}}</style><span class="css-irehmq e19xk9rq1"><style data-emotn="css o0wq4v">{width:100%;height:100%;borr-radi:50%;vertil-align:middle;object-f:ver;}</style><img src="" alt="Headshot of McKenzie Jean-Philippe" tle="Headshot of McKenzie Jean-Philippe" width="100%" height="100%" dg="async" loadg="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v e19xk9rq3" /></span><div><style data-emotn="css 3sqxrq">{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;grid-gap:4px;-webk-align-ems:basele;-webk-box-align:basele;-ms-flex-align:basele;align-ems:basele;-webk-box-flex-wrap:wrap;-webk-flex-wrap:wrap;-ms-flex-wrap:wrap;flex-wrap:wrap;}</style><div class="css-3sqxrq e19xk9rq7"><span class="css-0 e19xk9rq5"><style data-emotn="css 1bkjo21">{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#E61957;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;letter-spacg:0.1em;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><style data-emotn="css t7nu">{lor:#E61957;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;letter-spacg:0.1em;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;lor:#E61957;-webk-transn:all 0.3s ease--out;transn:all 0.3s ease--out;text-transform:upperse;font-weight:bold;letter-spacg:0.1em;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;}{lor:#595959;text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><a href="/thor/220354/mckenzie-jean-philippe/" class="e1c1bym13 css-t7nu e1c1bym14"><span>McKenzie Jean-Philippe</span></a></span></div><style data-emotn="css udz60b">{marg-top:0.625rem;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;}</style><div class="css-udz60b e19xk9rq6">Edorial Assistant</div><style data-emotn="css ffnsqy">{display:-webk-box;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.3;overflow:hidn;paddg-top:0.5rem;-webk-box-orient:vertil;-webk-le-clamp:5;}@media(max-width: 48rem){{-webk-le-clamp:10;}}>*{display:le;} p{marg:0rem;} p a{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn-thickns:0.0625rem;text-ratn-lor:her;text-unrle-offset:0.25rem;} p a:hover{text-ratn-lor:borr-lk-body-hover;}</style><div class="css-ffnsqy e19xk9rq4"><p>McKenzie Jean-Philippe is the edorial assistant at <a href=" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> </a>verg pop culture, TV, movi, celebry, and liftyle. She lov a great Oprah viral moment and all thgs Netflix—but e summertime, <em>Big Brother </em>has her heart. On a day off you'll fd her curled up wh a new juicy romance novel.</p></div></div></div><div class="css-1ut75dr e19xk9rq8"><span class="css-irehmq e19xk9rq1"><img src="" alt="Headshot of Jane Burt" tle="Headshot of Jane Burt" width="100%" height="100%" dg="async" loadg="lazy" class="css-o0wq4v e19xk9rq3" /></span><div><div class="css-3sqxrq e19xk9rq7"><span class="css-0 e19xk9rq5"><a href="/thor/242824/jane-burt/" class="e1c1bym13 css-t7nu e1c1bym14"><span>Jane Burt</span></a></span></div><div class="css-udz60b e19xk9rq6">Assistant Edor</div><div class="css-ffnsqy e19xk9rq4"><p>Jane Burt is an Assistant Edor at Oprah Daily, where she wr a variety of liftyle ntent for the edorial team. She's a journalist wh a pop culture sweet tooth—when she isn't tchg up on celebry news, she's ually listeng to a podst! Jane was prevly an on-air reporter lol news, and worked at Thrive Global, Ladrs News, and Rters. She also terned at CNBC through the Emma Bowen Foundatn, and is a member of the Natnal Associatn of Black Journalists (NABJ). </p></div></div></div></div><style data-emotn="css ciejky">{clear:both;marg-top:1.25rem;}</style><div id="journey-le" class="css-ciejky e1cslvxz0"></div><style data-emotn="css 79elbk">{posn:relative;}</style><div class="css-79elbk eg8z2o90"><div class="css-79elbk e1tp40ll1"><div data-anchor-id="P0-0" class="css-0 e1tp40ll0"></div></div><style data-emotn="css hi6ssp">{display:block;grid-area:article_body;grid-lumn:article_body-start/article_body-end;grid-row:to;jtify-self:center;marg:1.25rem 0 0;}@media prt{{display:none;}}@media(max-width: 30rem){{width:100%;}}@media(max-width: 61.25rem){{m-height:28rem;}}@media(m-width: 30rem){{width:488px;}}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{width:612px;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{max-width:40.25rem;}}</style><div class="css-hi6ssp eg8z2o92"></div></div></div></div></sectn></div><div></div><div data-teractive="WatchNext-1" class="css-0 e10xr3vp6"><style data-emotn="css 1pqv15d">{marg-bottom:1.875rem;marg-top:1.875rem;paddg:0 0.938rem;}@media(m-width: 40.625rem){{paddg:0 2.5rem;}}</style><div data-embed="watch-next" class="css-1pqv15d e10xr3vp5"><style data-emotn="css 14vh9p">{text-align:center;marg:0 to;max-width:60rem;}</style><div class="css-14vh9p e10xr3vp4"><style data-emotn="css 1sowyjy">{marg-bottom:1.25rem;}</style><div class="css-1sowyjy e10xr3vp3"><style data-emotn="css qd6w">{marg:0rem;font-weight:bold;borr-image-slice:1;borr-image-source:lear-gradient(to right, #0ED2C6 0 15%, #7A3BAF, #FF3F44);borr-top:0.125rem solid #E61957;font-fay:Gilroy,Helveti,Arial,Sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;le-height:1.2;letter-spacg:0.05em;paddg-top:0.625rem;text-transform:upperse;}</style><h6 class="css-qd6w e10xr3vp2"><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p0"></span><span class="css-0 e10xr3vp1">Watch Next</span><span aria-hidn="te" class="css-0 eagam8p1"></span></h6><style data-emotn="css od14dt">{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-fay:Juana,Geia,Tim,Serif;font-weight:normal;-webk-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;-webk-jtify-ntent:center;jtify-ntent:center;letter-spacg:-0.005em;marg:0rem;m-height:to;}@media(max-width: 64rem){{font-size:1.875rem;le-height:1.1;marg:0.9375rem 0 1.25rem;}}@media(m-width: 48rem){{font-size:2rem;le-height:1.1;marg:1.3rem 0 1.875rem;}}@media(m-width: 64rem){{font-size:2.125rem;le-height:1.1;}}</style><h6 class="css-od14dt e10xr3vp0"> </h6></div><style data-emotn="css 1ui7hop">{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;--aspect-rat:56.25%;}</style><div class="__rp-ntaer css-1ui7hop e6l0f0"><style data-emotn="css 1yu8e3d">{marg-bottom:0.9375rem;width:100%;height:100%;} .__rp-ntaer{height:to;}</style><div data-embed="embed-vio" class="vio-player css-1yu8e3d e1ou1fny0"><style data-emotn="css 1uds6oo">{height:100%;width:100%;posn:relative;}</style><div class="css-1uds6oo e1f7ylgd6"><style data-emotn="css 1iiivv4">{background-lor:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);borr:.1875rem solid whe;borr-radi:50%;lor:#fff;cursor:poter;height:3.75rem;left:50%;posn:absolute;top:50%;-webk-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-moz-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-ms-transform:translate(-50%,-50%);transform:translate(-50%,-50%);-webk-transn:all 0.4s;transn:all 0.4s;width:3.75rem;z-x:1;}.e1f7ylgd6:hover {background-lor:rgba(33, 150, 245, 0.8);lor:#ffffff;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{height:5.625rem;width:5.625rem;borr:.28125rem solid whe;}}</style><button aria-label="Play Vio" class="css-1iiivv4 e1f7ylgd1"><style data-emotn="css 1lhf7lq">{fill:#ffffff;height:1.4rem;vertil-align:middle;width:1.45rem;}@media(m-width: 48rem){{width:2.3125rem;height:3rem;}}</style><svg xmlns=" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" style="fill: var(--primary, #000);" role="img" tle="Play" class="css-1lhf7lq e1f7ylgd2"><tle>play in.