Clayton Whisnant, [Introductn]: Gay German History: Future Directns?, Journal of the History of Sexualy, Vol. 17, No. 1, Masculy and Homosexualy Germany and the German Coloni, 1880-1945 (Jan., 2008), pp. 1-10
Contents:
- GAY RIGHTS AND LGBTQI MOVEMENTS EUROPE
- A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
GAY RIGHTS AND LGBTQI MOVEMENTS EUROPE
The northern Italian cy of Padua has started removg the nam of non-blogil gay mothers om their children’s birth certifit unr new legislatn passed by the “tradnal fay-first” ernment of Prime Mister Grgia Meloni. * a history of homosexuality in europe *
Durg the neteenth century, the first gay liberatn thkers laid the groundwork for a ant movement that mand the end of the crimalizatn, pathologisatn and social rejectn of non-heterosexual sexualy. A first gay liberatn movement emerged Berl 1897, revolvg around the doctor Magn Hirschfeld (1868-1935), -founr of the Wissenschaftlich-humanäre Komee (WhK, Scientific-Humanarian Commtee). The mtee took multiple actns: a petn favour of appealg § 175, the publitn of books and brochur on homosexualy, the publitn of a review (Jahrbuch für sexuelle Zwischenstufen, Yearbook for Intermediate Sexual Typ), and the circulatn of an tnal film on the damage ed by homophobia (Anrs als die anren, Different om Others, 1919).
In the ensug perd, mtee branch were created a number of German ci and neighbourg untri whose laws nmned homosexualy (Atria, the Netherlands, Swen, etc.
Other gay ant anizatns were created after a spl wh the WhK, such as the Communy of the Special (Gemeschaft r Eigenen), found by the German Adolf Brand (1874-1945) who advoted naturism among other thgs. Although their relatns were not illegal, some of them exprsed their wish to be members of ant anizatns that would give them visibily wh the first homosexual movement.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
] wh rpect to homosexual men and women, ” along wh acknowledgment that sexual relatns between nsentg adults belonged to the private sphere. Vlent Nazi reprsn ed the dissolutn of the League 1933 and the exile of s members, which was the unrlyg e of the end of the first gay rights movement and the portatn of homosexuals wartime Europe.
In fact, s newsletter diffed om Swzerland was the only regular homosexual publitn until the aftermath of the nflict. Dpe the reigng nservatism of the post-war perd, “clubs” discreetly formed to promote homosexual sociabily through readgs, nferenc, excursns, and even masked balls. In 1951, the Internatnal Commtee for Sexual Equaly (ICSE) was formed Amsterdam, mandg rights for homosexuals.