Parenthood is a highly valued life goal, pennt of one’s sexual orientatn. However, the majory of studi explorg young adults’ parenthood plans have relied exclively on sampl of heterosexual dividuals. This study aimed (i) to explore differenc parenthood tentns as a functn of sexual orientatn, (ii) to vtigate to what extent socmographic and psychologil characteristics predict parenthood tentns of lbian, gay, bisexual (LGB), and heterosexual dividuals, (iii) to tt the mediatg effect of stigma between sexual orientatn and parenthood tentns, and (iv) to intify and characterize profil of prospective parenthood (through clter analysis). Data were gathered g an onle survey om 375 self-intified LGB and heterosexual young adults whout children Portugal, wh a mean age of 25.83 years old (SD = 4.49). Fdgs dited that LGB dividuals were ls likely to tend to have children than heterosexual dividuals; furthermore, among LGB dividuals, lbian women exprsed stronger tentns to have children than did gay men. Siari between heterosexual and LGB young adults were observed ncerng the psychologil termants of parenthood tentns. Four distctive profil of prospective parenthood were intified: aspirg parents not anticipatg stigma, aspirg parents anticipatg stigma, childee tent, and childee ambivalent. Lbian and bisexual women mostly populated the child...
Contents:
- MONI POTTER BELIEV IT'S ABOUT TIME "PARENTHOOD" FEATURED A GAY CHARACTER
- 19 KIDS SHOW CHARACTERS WHO WERE TOTALLY GAY HERO
- GAY PARENTHOOD AND THE END OF PATERNYAS WE KNEW IT
- UNRSTANDG PARENTG INTENTNS AMONG CHILDEE GAY MEN: A COMPARISON WH LBIAN WOMEN AND HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN
- ANTICIPATG PARENTHOOD AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND HETEROSEXUAL YOUNG ADULTS WHOUT CHILDREN PORTUGAL: PREDICTORS AND PROFIL
MONI POTTER BELIEV IT'S ABOUT TIME "PARENTHOOD" FEATURED A GAY CHARACTER
IntroductnThere is a growg tert the parentg tentns of gay men. Prr rearch has found that gay men are ls likely to bee parents pared to their heterosexual and lbian peers, but we know very ltle about why this discrepancy exists. Our first aim was to vtigate whether the strength of parentg tentns is siar or different among childee gay men pared to lbian women, and heterosexual men and women. Our send aim was to explore the extent to which the theory of planned behavr (TPB) mol (attu, subjective norms, and self-efficy) is universal predictg the strength of parentg tentns across genr and/or sexual orientatn.MethodsThe study was based on a Uned Stat cross-sectnal, ter-based survey of childee people who want to bee parents the future. The sample nsisted of 58 gay men, 66 lbian women, 164 heterosexual people (128 women and 36 men).RultsA Bayian ANCOVA showed no support for a genr difference the strength of parentg tentns. Morate evince was provid for gay men and lbian women reportg a siar strength of parentg tentns pared to their heterosexual peers. Bayian lear regrsn analys showed that perceived posive and negative life chang were stronger predictors of the strength of parentg tentns for men than for women. Perceived posive life chang predicted the strength of parentg tentns siarily across sexual orientatns... * parenthood gay character *
Bee homosexuals are rarely monogamo, often havg as many as three hundred or more partners a lifetime — some studi say is typilly more than one thoand — children those polyamoro suatns are ught a perpetual g and gog. Gay sex lumnist Dan Savage mocked the cultural stak volved when he and his partner were cidg to adopt a child: “Terry and I would be givg up certa thgs that, for better or worse, fe what means to be gay. Bee the available rout to geic parenthood for gay men are formidably expensive, very difficult to negotiate, or both, most prospective gay male parents pursue the purely social paths of adoptn or foster re.
Bee there are not enough of the to meet the mand, most stat and unti allow sgle adults, cludg gay men, to shop for parenthood their overstocked warehoe of “hard to place” children.
In addn, as we will see, some gay men, like sgle mother-by-choice Christie Mallmson the epigraph to this chapter, willgly unhch their sexual and romantic sir om their domtic on orr to bee parents. Adoptn agenci accept applitns om homosexual clients, only 39 percent of the agenci this group had placed at least one child wh a gay or lbian potential parent durg the target perd, and only 19 percent of the agenci actively rec prospective gay and lbian parents.
19 KIDS SHOW CHARACTERS WHO WERE TOTALLY GAY HERO
In Florida, although two pro-LGBT parentg bills died mtee, the strict law banng “homosexual” dividuals om adoptg has been stck down twice at the trial urt level, but the cisns have been stayed pendg review by a state appellate urt.
In addn, gay men more often face greater plexi when cidg how to bee a parent (surrogacy, adoptn, -parentg, and foster re; Murphy, 2013; Smietana et al., 2014; Carone et al., 2017; Smietana, 2018). Yet ltle is known about the cisn-makg procs of childee gay men toward beg parents the future (Mezey, 2013; Gato et al., 2017; Riskd and Tornello, 2017; Sndurra et al., 2019). Riskd and Patterson (2010) examed parentg sir and tentns among a Uned Stat reprentative sample [2002 Natnal Survey of Fay Growth (NSFG)] and found that gay men (54%) were signifintly ls likely to sire future parenthood pared to their heterosexual peers (75%).
GAY PARENTHOOD AND THE END OF PATERNYAS WE KNEW IT
Among men who sired future parenthood, gay men (75%) were signifintly ls likely to tend to bee parents the future pared to their heterosexual peers (90%; Riskd and Patterson, 2010). In a replitn a few years later (2011-2013), rearchers found the same patterns among gay men, wh gay men reportg lower parenthood sir and tentns pared to their heterosexual, bisexual, and lbian peers (Riskd and Tornello, 2017). Prev studi have monstrated the TPB uld be eful unrstandg parentg tentns generally not necsarily terms of genr or sexual orientatn (Ajzen and Klobas, 2013) and among gay and heterosexual men (Kranz et al., 2018).
In a study of childee heterosexual and gay men rearchers found that attus and perceived behavral ntrol, but not subjective norms, were strong predictors of future parentg tentns among men regardls of sexual orientatn (Kranz et al., 2018). In this study, the perceived benefs and sts of parenthood (attus), the attus of others toward future parenthood (subjective norms), and parenthood self-efficy were directly associated wh fatherg tentns of gay men and heterosexual men.
Dpe the fact that gay men reported lower levels of self-efficy and ls acceptance om others pared to heterosexual men, there was no difference the extent to which ponents of the TPB predicted parentg tentns for men regardls of sexual orientatn. Due to their sexual mory stat, gay men, like lbian women, are highly exposed to stigma (Meyer et al., 2011) and receive ls social support pared to heterosexual people (Frost et al., 2016), this is particularly te when to gay parenthood among gay men (Berkowz and Marsigl, 2007). In orr to unrstand the relevance of the TPB across genr and sexual orientatn among those who tend to beg parents, the prent study foc on the strength of parentg tentns among childee gay men, lbian women, and heterosexual men and women who want to bee parents the future.
UNRSTANDG PARENTG INTENTNS AMONG CHILDEE GAY MEN: A COMPARISON WH LBIAN WOMEN AND HETEROSEXUAL MEN AND WOMEN
(2018) did not fd a signifint difference the effect of the TPB ponents on fatherg tentns between gay and heterosexual men g equaly nstrats a SEM mol, although, they did not tt for siary. Although prr rearch has found that gay men are ls likely to tend to bee parents, those studi clud gay men regardls of whether they believed they would bee parents the future. Due to the foc of the prent study beg on the magnu of parentg tentns, we do not expect childee gay men to report lower parentg tentns pared to lbian women and heterosexual men and women.
We hypothized that the TPB-predictors of attu and self-efficy regardg future parenthood, but not subjective norms, would be universal for childee gay men, lbian women, and heterosexual men and women predictg the strength of parentg tentns. In ntrast to the hypothis regardg self-efficy and attus, we hypothized that the associatn between subjective norms and the strength of parentg tentns would be weaker for gay men and lbian women pared to their heterosexual peers.
As sexual mory people, gay men, like lbian women, often have prr exposure to stigma (Meyer et al., 2011) and lack of social support (Frost et al., 2016), pecially when to gay parenthood (Berkowz and Marsigl, 2007).
ANTICIPATG PARENTHOOD AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND HETEROSEXUAL YOUNG ADULTS WHOUT CHILDREN PORTUGAL: PREDICTORS AND PROFIL
Sce the foc of this study was on childee cisgenr gay men, lbian women, and heterosexual men and women the US who tend to bee parents the future, we exclud participants based on specific creria.
Of the 582 pleted surveys, orr to prerve data pennce, only one member of a uple participated (n = 43), we removed all participants who did not currently ri the US (n = 67), who did not intify their sexual orientatn as heterosexual, lbian, or gay (n = 160), not intifyg themselv or their partner as cisgenr (n = 19), were a polyamoro relatnship (n = 1), and scribed their ial number of children as zero (n = 4) rultg a fal sample of 288 self-intified childee tend parents. In orr to addrs the qutn whether TPB factors are universal or specific predictg the strength of parentg tentns among childee tend gay, lbian and heterosexual tend parents, we chose to tt wh Bayian alternativ.
Usg Bayian lear regrsn analys, we explored to what extend the TPB-predictors: (1) attus (ializatn of parenthood, perceived posive and negative life chang nnectn wh beg a parent), (2) subjective norms (acceptance of parents, siblgs, and extend fay members), and (3) self-efficy were universal or different for childee gay, lbian and heterosexual tend parents predictg the strength of parentg tentns.