Montgomery to the Supreme Court | Overview Stunts will exame primary source documents and photographs to expla how lol events lead to s beg prented before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upholds laws that protect the rights of all people and ensur equal opportuny. | Overview Stunts will exame primary source documents and photographs to expla how lol events lead to s beg prented before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court upholds laws that protect the rights of all people and ensur equal opportuny. Materials Arrt rerds of Rosa Parks (PDF) Montgomery B Boytt documents and photographs (PDF) Browr v. Gayle urt se document (PDF) Supreme Court cisn documents and photograph (PDF) Document Analysis Worksheet (PDF) Photo Analysis Worksheet (PDF) Montgomery to the US Supreme Court flow map (PDF) Poster or chart paper Essential Qutn How do Supreme Court cisns affect the liv of people livg the Uned Stat? Background Teachers will need to expla the importance of the basic prcipl of Amerin mocracy that unify as a natn: our dividual rights to life, liberty, and the pursu of happs; rponsibily for the mon good; equaly of opportuny and equal protectn of the law; eedom of speech and relign; majory le wh protectn for mory rights; and limatns on ernment, wh power held by the people and legated by them to their elected officials. The Supreme Court, which was tablished by the Constutn, is rponsible for managg nflicts over terpretatns and applitns of the law. For example, 1954, the Supreme Court led the landmark se of Brown v. Board of Edutn that the doctre of "separate but equal" had no place public schools. Separate tnal facili for black and whe stunts were emed unequal and schools were required to segregate. In December of 1955, Rosa Parks was arrted Montgomery, Alabama, for refg to give up her seat to a whe passenger. She was arrted for vlatg a cy law requirg racial segregatn on public b. Five days later, on the day of Rosa Park’s trial, the Montgomery Improvement Associatn anized a boytt of the public b. The Montgomery b boytt, which lasted for 381 days, was a prott mpaign tend to oppose the cy’s policy of racial segregatn on s public transportatn system. On Febary 1, 1956, the feral class actn su of Browr v. Gayle was filed the Alabama urts. The lawsu claimed that the cy of Montgomery, the state of Alabama, and the Natnal Cy B L were operatg cy b vlatn of the Fourteenth Amendment of the Uned Stat Constutn. On June 4, 1956, the feral district urt led that Alabama’s racial segregatn laws for b were unnstutnal. While the se was appealed to the Uned Stat Supreme Court, segregatn remaed tact and the boytt ntued. On November 13, 1956, the Uned Stat Supreme Court upheld the lg of the lower urt and legally end racial segregatn on Alabama’s public b. Objective Stunts will analyze primary source documents and photographs to sequence the events that led to the Supreme Court’s cisn on racial segregatn Alabama’s public b system. Motivatn Ask your stunts to expla what they know about the Uned Stat Supreme Court. Expla that the Uned Stat Supreme Court is the hight judicial urt the Uned Stat. The urt nsists of one chief jtice and eight associate jtic. Their job is to terme whether laws are agreement wh the Uned Stat Constutn or the law of the land. If the jtic terme that laws are not agreement wh the Constutn or are unnstutnal, the law n no longer be effect. Ask stunts what topics or laws they feel the Supreme Court should make cisns about. Procre Day 1 Divi your class to six groups. Expla that each group will be vtigatg an event Montgomery, Alabama, that lead to a Uned Stat Supreme Court se that affected the liv of Alabama cizens. Assign each group one event and provi the related primary source documents and/or photographs. Groups 1 & 2: Rosa Parks’s arrt Groups 3 & 4: The Montgomery b boytt Groups 5 & 6: Browr v. Gayle urt se Review the qutns on the Document and Photo Analysis Worksheets. Usg the Document and/or Photo Analysis Worksheet, have stunts look at each primary source and terme key facts that help them unrstand each event. Closure Ask each group to intify and share wh the class two key facts they have learned about the event they are vtigatg. Day 2 Have each group create a poster illtratg the event Alabama g the rmatn om the document and/or photo analysis worksheet and the primary sourc. Each poster should clu a scriptive tle of the event, date(s) of the event, and key facts regardg the event. The posters may clu the primary sourc. Have each group orally rehearse their poster prentatn. All stunts mt participate the oral prentatn. While each group prents their poster, stunts rerd rmatn about the events on the Montgomery to the US Supreme Court sequence map. Closure Have stunts turn to their neighbor and share one fact about each event g their sequence map. Day 3 Inform stunts that the fendants om the cy of Montgomery cid to appeal the origal lg the se, askg different judg to rensir the lower urt’s cisn to segregate the b. The appeal went to the Uned Stat Supreme Court. Have stunts predict which way the Supreme Court led. Did they uphold the cisn to segregate the b or did they le that segregatn was allowed by the Constutn? Divi stunts to groups of two or three. Pass out the Supreme Court cisn primary source documents and Document and/or Photo Analysis Worksheets. Have each stunt the group analyze a different primary source g the Analysis Worksheet. Stunts share what they disver about the Supreme Court’s cisn om the primary source wh their group. Have stunts plete the last sectn of the Montgomery to the US Supreme Court sequence map. Closure/Discsn Qutn Based on the primary sourc we’ve vtigated, how do the Uned Stat Supreme Court affect the liv of people livg the Uned Stat? Rerd your rponse on the bottom of the Montgomery to the Supreme Court sequence map.
Contents:
- BROWR V. GAYLE, 352 U.S. 903
- BROWR V. GAYLE: COURT CASE, ARGUMENTS, IMPACT
- BROWR V. GAYLE: THE WOMEN BEFORE ROSA PARKS
- 'BROWR V. GAYLE'
- (1956) BROWR V. GAYLE
- <EM>BROWR V. GAYLE</EM>, CLASS ACTN LAWSU
- TOOLK FOR "BROWR V. GAYLE"
- CLTTE {LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:600;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:0.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.25REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}} A{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;} A:HOVER{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}CLTTE COLV IS AN ACTIVIST WHO WAS A PNEER THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ALABAMA DURG THE 1950S. SHE REFED TO GIVE UP HER SEAT ON A B MONTHS BEFORE ROSA PARKS' MORE FAMO {LOR:#323232;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;} SPAN{FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;}{FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{BORR-RADI:50%;VERTIL-ALIGN:MIDDLE;MARG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;OBJECT-F:VER;}BY {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;} {DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;MARG-LEFT:0.625REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}UPDATED: MAR 26, {DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;}{MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 64REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(100VW - (1REM * 2));MARG-LEFT:1REM;MARG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(-1 * 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - (LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 2 * 1REM)) / -2);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 90REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / 2);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / -2) - 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 2);MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 + 1REM)) / -2) - LC(2 * 1REM));}[DATA-HAS-SPONSOR] {MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);MARG-RIGHT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);}}{JTIFY-SELF:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG-LEFT:-50VW;MARG-RIGHT:-50VW;WIDTH:100VW;LEFT:50%;RIGHT:50%;}}{HEIGHT:TO;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO LC(50% - 50VW);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO;}}{POSN:RELATIVE;HEIGHT:TO;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:100%;OBJECT-F:VER;VERTIL-ALIGN:TOP;}{LE-HEIGHT:1;MARG-TOP:0.3125REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0;}}{LOR:#595959;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}GETTY {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:3.5REM;PADDG-RIGHT:3.5REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MAX-WIDTH:45.25REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 100REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}} EM{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}{CLEAR:BOTH;NTENT:" ";DISPLAY:BLOCK;FONT-SIZE:0.7REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.5REM;HEIGHT:0REM;VISIBILY:HIDN;}{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;} EM{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}(1939-){LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:800;LETTER-SPACG:0.02EM;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;MARG-TOP:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;}WHO IS CLTTE COLV? CLTTE COLV IS A CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST WHO, BEFORE {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:#A00000;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#595959;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}ROSA PARKS, REFED TO GIVE UP HER B SEAT TO A WHE PASSENGER. SHE WAS ARRTED AND BEME ONE OF FOUR PLATIFFS BROWR V. GAYLE, WHICH LED THAT MONTGOMERY'S SEGREGATED B SYSTEM WAS UNNSTUTNAL. COLV LATER MOVED TO NEW YORK CY AND WORKED AS A NURSE'S AI. SHE RETIRED 2004.EARLY LIFECOLV WAS BORN ON SEPTEMBER 5, 1939, MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. GROWG UP ONE OF MONTGOMERY'S POORER NEIGHBORHOODS, COLV STUDIED HARD SCHOOL. SHE EARNED MOSTLY AS HER CLASS AND ASPIRED TO BEE PRINT ONE DAY. ON MARCH 2, 1955, COLV WAS RIDG HOME ON A CY B AFTER SCHOOL WHEN A B DRIVER TOLD HER TO GIVE UP HER SEAT TO A WHE PASSENGER. SHE REFED, SAYG, "IT'S MY NSTUTNAL RIGHT TO S HERE AS MUCH AS THAT LADY. I PAID MY FARE, 'S MY NSTUTNAL RIGHT." COLV FELT PELLED TO STAND HER GROUND. "I FELT LIKE SOJOURNER TTH WAS PHG DOWN ON ONE SHOULR AND HARRIET TUBMAN WAS PHG DOWN ON THE OTHER—SAYG, 'S DOWN GIRL!' I WAS GLUED TO MY SEAT," SHE LATER TOLD NEWSWEEK.ARRTED FOR VLATG SEGREGATN LAWSAFTER HER REFAL TO GIVE UP HER SEAT, COLV WAS ARRTED ON SEVERAL CHARG, CLUDG VLATG THE CY'S SEGREGATN LAWS. FOR SEVERAL HOURS, SHE SAT JAIL, PLETELY TERRIFIED. "I WAS REALLY AAID, BEE YOU JT DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WHE PEOPLE MIGHT DO AT THAT TIME," COLV LATER SAID. AFTER HER MISTER PAID HER BAIL, SHE WENT HOME WHERE SHE AND HER FAY STAYED UP ALL NIGHT OUT OF NCERN FOR POSSIBLE RETALIATN.THE NATNAL ASSOCIATN FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE BRIEFLY NSIRED G COLV'S SE TO CHALLENGE THE SEGREGATN LAWS, BUT THEY CID AGAST BEE OF HER AGE. SHE ALSO HAD BEE PREGNANT AND THEY THOUGHT AN UNWED MOTHER WOULD ATTRACT TOO MUCH NEGATIVE ATTENTN A PUBLIC LEGAL BATTLE. HER SON, RAYMOND, WAS BORN MARCH 1956.IN URT, COLV OPPOSED THE SEGREGATN LAW BY CLARG HERSELF NOT GUILTY. THE URT, HOWEVER, LED AGAST HER AND PUT HER ON PROBATN. DPE THE LIGHT SENTENCE, COLV ULD NOT PE THE URT OF PUBLIC OPN. THE ONCE-QUIET STUNT WAS BRAND A TROUBLEMAKER BY SOME, AND SHE HAD TO DROP OUT OF LLEGE. HER REPUTATN ALSO MA IMPOSSIBLE FOR HER TO FD A JOB.PLATIFF 'BROWR V. GAYLE'DPE HER PERSONAL CHALLENG, COLV BEME ONE OF THE FOUR PLATIFFS THE BROWR V. GAYLE SE, ALONG WH AURELIA S. BROWR, SIE MCDONALD AND MARY LOUISE SMH (JEANATTA REE, WHO WAS IALLY NAMED A PLATIFF THE SE, WHDREW EARLY ON DUE TO OUTSI PRSURE). THE CISN THE 1956 SE, WHICH HAD BEEN FILED BY FRED GRAY AND CHARL D. LANGFORD ON BEHALF OF THE AFOREMENTNED AIN AMERIN WOMEN, LED THAT MONTGOMERY'S SEGREGATED B SYSTEM WAS UNNSTUTNAL.TWO YEARS LATER, COLV MOVED TO NEW YORK CY, WHERE SHE HAD HER SEND SON, RANDY, AND WORKED AS A NURSE'S AI AT A MANHATTAN NURSG HOME. SHE RETIRED 2004.LEGACY AND 'CLTTE COLV GO TO WORK'MUCH OF THE WRG ON CIVIL RIGHTS HISTORY MONTGOMERY HAS FOCED ON THE ARRT OF PARKS, ANOTHER WOMAN WHO REFED TO GIVE UP HER SEAT ON THE B, NE MONTHS AFTER COLV. WHILE PARKS HAS BEEN HERALD AS A CIVIL RIGHTS HEROE, COLV'S STORY HAS RECEIVED LTLE NOTICE. SOME HAVE TRIED TO CHANGE THAT. RA DOVE PENNED THE POEM "CLTTE COLV GO TO WORK," WHICH LATER BEME A SONG. PHILLIP HOOSE ALSO WROTE ABOUT HER THE YOUNG ADULT BGRAPHY CLTTE COLV: TWICE TOWARD JTICE.WHILE HER ROLE THE FIGHT TO END SEGREGATN MONTGOMERY MAY NOT BE WILY REGNIZED, COLV HELPED ADVANCE CIVIL RIGHTS EFFORTS THE CY. "CLTTE GAVE ALL OF MORAL URAGE. IF SHE HAD NOT DONE WHAT SHE DID, I AM NOT SURE THAT WE WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO MOUNT THE SUPPORT FOR MRS. PARKS," HER FORMER ATTORNEY, FRED GRAY, TOLD {BORR:0;BORR-BOTTOM:TH SOLID BLACK;MARG:1.875REM 0;CLEAR:BOTH;}QUICK FACTS
- GAYLE V. BROWR
- BROWR V. GAYLE FACTS FOR KIDS
- TOOLK FOR "BROWR V. GAYLE"
BROWR V. GAYLE, 352 U.S. 903
Aurelia S. Browr v. William A. Gayle challenged the Alabama state statut and Montgomery, Alabama, cy ordanc requirg segregatn on Montgomery b. Filed by Fred Gray and Charl D. Langford on behalf of four Ain Amerin women who had been mistreated on cy b, the se ma s way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which upheld a district urt lg that the statute was unnstutnal. Gray and Langford filed the feral district urt petn that beme Browr v. Gayle on 1 Febary 1956, two days after segregatnists bombed Kg’s hoe. The origal platiffs the se were Aurelia S. Browr, Sie McDonald, Cltte Colv, Mary Louise Smh, and Jeanatta Ree, but outsi prsure nvced Ree to whdraw om the se Febary. Gray ma the cisn not to clu Rosa Parks the se to avoid the perceptn that they were seekg to circumvent her prosecutn on other charg. Gray “wanted the urt to have only one issue to ci—the nstutnaly of the laws requirg segregatn on the b” (Gray, 69). The list of fendants clud Mayor William A. Gayle, the cy’s chief of police, reprentativ om Montgomery’s Board of Commissners, Montgomery Cy L, Inc., two b drivers, and reprentativ of the Alabama Public Service Commissn. Gray was aid the se by Thurgood Marshall and other Natnal Associatn for the Advancement of Colored People attorneys. * browder v gayle background *
Gayle challenged the Alabama state statut and Montgomery, Alabama, cy ordanc requirg segregatn on Montgomery b. Gayle on 1 Febary 1956, two days after segregatnists bombed Kg’s hoe. Gayle, the cy’s chief of police, reprentativ om Montgomery’s Board of Commissners, Montgomery Cy L, Inc., two b drivers, and reprentativ of the Alabama Public Service Commissn.
BROWR V. GAYLE: COURT CASE, ARGUMENTS, IMPACT
In Browr v. Gayle (1956), a District Court held that segregatn on public b vlated the 14th Amendment. The Supreme Court affirmed the cisn." emprop="scriptn * browder v gayle background *
Gayle challenged the nstutnaly of a state statute, the se was brought before a three-judge U.
Gayle.
Gayle (1956) was a District Court se that legally end segregatn on public b Montgomery, Alabama.
BROWR V. GAYLE: THE WOMEN BEFORE ROSA PARKS
Get ee accs to the plete judgment Gayle v. Browr on CaseMe. * browder v gayle background *
Gayle, Montgomery, Alabama's chief of policeKey Qutns: Can the state of Alabama enforce the separate-but-equal doctre on public transportatn? Gayle, the cy's chief of police, Montgomery’s Board of Commissners, Montgomery Cy L, Inc., and reprentativ of the Alabama Public Service Commissn.
Gayle and the Supreme Court's cisn to cle review marked the end of the Montgomery B Boytt.
'BROWR V. GAYLE'
Learn Browr v. Gayle facts for kids * browder v gayle background *
Gayle spurred a number of urt s that rulted the tegratn of rtrants, swimmg pools, parks, hotels, and ernment hog. Gayle, 142 F. Gayle 352 U.
Gayle—that a district urt and, eventually, the U. Gayle was filed U.
Gayle, is one of the most signifint ton Amerin civil rights history, but has largely been left out of civil rights stctn. Gayle offers an opportuny to get to know this cril se, the unherald women behd , and s wir relatnship to the boytt and the csa for racial equaly. Gayle, was the mayor of Montgomery at the time.
(1956) BROWR V. GAYLE
Gayle challenged the nstutnaly of a state statute, was heard by a three-judge panel, cludg Frank Johnson, who would overturn Governor Gee Wallace’s 1965 attempts to block the march om Selma. Gayle, legally endg racial segregatn on public transportatn the state of Alabama.
Gayle lg would not be ma official until December 20, when was served to cy officials.
<EM>BROWR V. GAYLE</EM>, CLASS ACTN LAWSU
Gayle, et. Gayle, on behalf of five female platiffs: Aurelia Browr, Sie McDonald, Jeata Ree, Cltte Colv, and Mary Louise Smh.
Gayle and the four women whose ttimony nvced the feral urt system that segregatn on cy b was unnstutnal, g their stori to reflect on the makg of historil narrativ about women the Civil Rights Movement. Gayle that fed segregatn on b as unnstutnal everywhere. Gayle those stori belong to four black women: Aurelia S.
Gayle se was 19-year-old Mary Louise Smh. Gayle were Aurelia S. Gayle was brought before the Uned Stat District Court Alabama.
TOOLK FOR "BROWR V. GAYLE"
Gayle November 1956. Gayle platiffs, piled by the Birmgham Tim, Febary 16, 2017. Gayle is Filed.
CLTTE {LOR:#595959;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:600;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:0.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.25REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.2;}} A{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;} A:HOVER{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}CLTTE COLV IS AN ACTIVIST WHO WAS A PNEER THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT ALABAMA DURG THE 1950S. SHE REFED TO GIVE UP HER SEAT ON A B MONTHS BEFORE ROSA PARKS' MORE FAMO {LOR:#323232;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;} SPAN{FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;}{FONT-STYLE:NORMAL;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:RALAS,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.3;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;TEXT-TRANSFORM:PALIZE;}{BORR-RADI:50%;VERTIL-ALIGN:MIDDLE;MARG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;OBJECT-F:VER;}BY {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:HER;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#A00000;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;} {DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;MARG-LEFT:0.625REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}UPDATED: MAR 26, {DISPLAY:-WEBK-BOX;DISPLAY:-WEBK-FLEX;DISPLAY:-MS-FLEXBOX;DISPLAY:FLEX;}{MARG-BOTTOM:0.9375REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 64REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(100VW - (1REM * 2));MARG-LEFT:1REM;MARG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(-1 * 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - (LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 2 * 1REM)) / -2);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 90REM){{MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / 2);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM) - 1REM - 20.625REM) / -2) - 1REM);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 2);MAX-WIDTH:LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM);PADDG-LEFT:1REM;PADDG-RIGHT:1REM;} .E152U5OS0{WIDTH:100VW;MARG-LEFT:LC(LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 + 1REM)) / -2) - LC(2 * 1REM));}[DATA-HAS-SPONSOR] {MARG-LEFT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);MARG-RIGHT:LC((100VW - LC(20.625REM * 2 - 1REM)) / 4);}}{JTIFY-SELF:CENTER;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG-LEFT:-50VW;MARG-RIGHT:-50VW;WIDTH:100VW;LEFT:50%;RIGHT:50%;}}{HEIGHT:TO;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO LC(50% - 50VW);}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{MARG:TO;}}{POSN:RELATIVE;HEIGHT:TO;}{POSN:RELATIVE;WIDTH:100%;HEIGHT:100%;OBJECT-F:VER;VERTIL-ALIGN:TOP;}{LE-HEIGHT:1;MARG-TOP:0.3125REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 73.75REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0.9375REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0;}}{LOR:#595959;PADDG-RIGHT:0.3125REM;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-SIZE:0.75REM;LE-HEIGHT:1;FONT-WEIGHT:800;}GETTY {FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;POSN:RELATIVE;}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{PADDG-LEFT:3.5REM;PADDG-RIGHT:3.5REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{MAX-WIDTH:45.25REM;MARG-LEFT:TO;MARG-RIGHT:TO;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 61.25REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 73.75REM) AND (MAX-WIDTH: 100REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 90REM){{PADDG-LEFT:0REM;PADDG-RIGHT:0REM;}} EM{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}{CLEAR:BOTH;NTENT:" ";DISPLAY:BLOCK;FONT-SIZE:0.7REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.5REM;HEIGHT:0REM;VISIBILY:HIDN;}{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-SIZE:1.1875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.6;} EM{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;} STRONG{FONT-FAY:CHARTER,GEIA,TIM,SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;}(1939-){LOR:#323232;FONT-FAY:GILROY,HELVETI,ARIAL,SANS-SERIF;FONT-WEIGHT:800;LETTER-SPACG:0.02EM;MARG-BOTTOM:0.625REM;MARG-TOP:0.625REM;}@MEDIA(MAX-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:1.875REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 48REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}}@MEDIA(M-WIDTH: 64REM){{FONT-SIZE:2REM;LE-HEIGHT:1.1;}} B, STRONG{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-WEIGHT:BOLD;} EM, I{FONT-FAY:HER;FONT-STYLE:ALIC;}WHO IS CLTTE COLV? CLTTE COLV IS A CIVIL RIGHTS ACTIVIST WHO, BEFORE {-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN-THICKNS:0.0625REM;TEXT-RATN-LOR:HER;TEXT-UNRLE-OFFSET:0.25REM;LOR:#A00000;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;TRANSN:ALL 0.3S EASE--OUT;}{LOR:#595959;TEXT-RATN-LOR:BORR-LK-BODY-HOVER;}ROSA PARKS, REFED TO GIVE UP HER B SEAT TO A WHE PASSENGER. SHE WAS ARRTED AND BEME ONE OF FOUR PLATIFFS BROWR V. GAYLE, WHICH LED THAT MONTGOMERY'S SEGREGATED B SYSTEM WAS UNNSTUTNAL. COLV LATER MOVED TO NEW YORK CY AND WORKED AS A NURSE'S AI. SHE RETIRED 2004.EARLY LIFECOLV WAS BORN ON SEPTEMBER 5, 1939, MONTGOMERY, ALABAMA. GROWG UP ONE OF MONTGOMERY'S POORER NEIGHBORHOODS, COLV STUDIED HARD SCHOOL. SHE EARNED MOSTLY AS HER CLASS AND ASPIRED TO BEE PRINT ONE DAY. ON MARCH 2, 1955, COLV WAS RIDG HOME ON A CY B AFTER SCHOOL WHEN A B DRIVER TOLD HER TO GIVE UP HER SEAT TO A WHE PASSENGER. SHE REFED, SAYG, "IT'S MY NSTUTNAL RIGHT TO S HERE AS MUCH AS THAT LADY. I PAID MY FARE, 'S MY NSTUTNAL RIGHT." COLV FELT PELLED TO STAND HER GROUND. "I FELT LIKE SOJOURNER TTH WAS PHG DOWN ON ONE SHOULR AND HARRIET TUBMAN WAS PHG DOWN ON THE OTHER—SAYG, 'S DOWN GIRL!' I WAS GLUED TO MY SEAT," SHE LATER TOLD NEWSWEEK.ARRTED FOR VLATG SEGREGATN LAWSAFTER HER REFAL TO GIVE UP HER SEAT, COLV WAS ARRTED ON SEVERAL CHARG, CLUDG VLATG THE CY'S SEGREGATN LAWS. FOR SEVERAL HOURS, SHE SAT JAIL, PLETELY TERRIFIED. "I WAS REALLY AAID, BEE YOU JT DIDN'T KNOW WHAT WHE PEOPLE MIGHT DO AT THAT TIME," COLV LATER SAID. AFTER HER MISTER PAID HER BAIL, SHE WENT HOME WHERE SHE AND HER FAY STAYED UP ALL NIGHT OUT OF NCERN FOR POSSIBLE RETALIATN.THE NATNAL ASSOCIATN FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE BRIEFLY NSIRED G COLV'S SE TO CHALLENGE THE SEGREGATN LAWS, BUT THEY CID AGAST BEE OF HER AGE. SHE ALSO HAD BEE PREGNANT AND THEY THOUGHT AN UNWED MOTHER WOULD ATTRACT TOO MUCH NEGATIVE ATTENTN A PUBLIC LEGAL BATTLE. HER SON, RAYMOND, WAS BORN MARCH 1956.IN URT, COLV OPPOSED THE SEGREGATN LAW BY CLARG HERSELF NOT GUILTY. THE URT, HOWEVER, LED AGAST HER AND PUT HER ON PROBATN. DPE THE LIGHT SENTENCE, COLV ULD NOT PE THE URT OF PUBLIC OPN. THE ONCE-QUIET STUNT WAS BRAND A TROUBLEMAKER BY SOME, AND SHE HAD TO DROP OUT OF LLEGE. HER REPUTATN ALSO MA IMPOSSIBLE FOR HER TO FD A JOB.PLATIFF 'BROWR V. GAYLE'DPE HER PERSONAL CHALLENG, COLV BEME ONE OF THE FOUR PLATIFFS THE BROWR V. GAYLE SE, ALONG WH AURELIA S. BROWR, SIE MCDONALD AND MARY LOUISE SMH (JEANATTA REE, WHO WAS IALLY NAMED A PLATIFF THE SE, WHDREW EARLY ON DUE TO OUTSI PRSURE). THE CISN THE 1956 SE, WHICH HAD BEEN FILED BY FRED GRAY AND CHARL D. LANGFORD ON BEHALF OF THE AFOREMENTNED AIN AMERIN WOMEN, LED THAT MONTGOMERY'S SEGREGATED B SYSTEM WAS UNNSTUTNAL.TWO YEARS LATER, COLV MOVED TO NEW YORK CY, WHERE SHE HAD HER SEND SON, RANDY, AND WORKED AS A NURSE'S AI AT A MANHATTAN NURSG HOME. SHE RETIRED 2004.LEGACY AND 'CLTTE COLV GO TO WORK'MUCH OF THE WRG ON CIVIL RIGHTS HISTORY MONTGOMERY HAS FOCED ON THE ARRT OF PARKS, ANOTHER WOMAN WHO REFED TO GIVE UP HER SEAT ON THE B, NE MONTHS AFTER COLV. WHILE PARKS HAS BEEN HERALD AS A CIVIL RIGHTS HEROE, COLV'S STORY HAS RECEIVED LTLE NOTICE. SOME HAVE TRIED TO CHANGE THAT. RA DOVE PENNED THE POEM "CLTTE COLV GO TO WORK," WHICH LATER BEME A SONG. PHILLIP HOOSE ALSO WROTE ABOUT HER THE YOUNG ADULT BGRAPHY CLTTE COLV: TWICE TOWARD JTICE.WHILE HER ROLE THE FIGHT TO END SEGREGATN MONTGOMERY MAY NOT BE WILY REGNIZED, COLV HELPED ADVANCE CIVIL RIGHTS EFFORTS THE CY. "CLTTE GAVE ALL OF MORAL URAGE. IF SHE HAD NOT DONE WHAT SHE DID, I AM NOT SURE THAT WE WOULD HAVE BEEN ABLE TO MOUNT THE SUPPORT FOR MRS. PARKS," HER FORMER ATTORNEY, FRED GRAY, TOLD {BORR:0;BORR-BOTTOM:TH SOLID BLACK;MARG:1.875REM 0;CLEAR:BOTH;}QUICK FACTS
Gayle U. (Browr was a Montgomery hoewife; Gayle, the mayor of Montgomery). Gayle that ed segregatn on public b to be eradited.
GAYLE V. BROWR
Gayle, 1956). Gayle, Uned Stat Supreme Court outlawed racial segregatn on b, emg unnstutnal.
Gayle, the se that legally end transportatn segregatn Alabama. Gayle, " stunts lve to important qutns about the mechanics of change, the impact of historil mythology and the rctnism that n occur when we wre and study history.
BROWR V. GAYLE FACTS FOR KIDS
Gayle, thk about how you teach that se, too. Gayle sample.
Gayle se. Gayle sample to fill the gaps. Gayle, which led that Montgomery's segregated b system was unnstutnal.
TOOLK FOR "BROWR V. GAYLE"
Gayle'Dpe her personal challeng, Colv beme one of the four platiffs the Browr v.
Gayle se, along wh Aurelia S.