review of lbian, gay, bisexual, trans and tersex (LGBTI) health and healthre equali | European Journal of Public Health | Oxford Amic

Contents:

• LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENR, AND QUEER (LGBTQ+) COMMUNI AND THE CORONAVIS DISEASE 2019 PANMIC: A CALL TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF STCTURAL BARRIERS
• MENTAL HEALTH LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR (LGBT) YOUTH
• ACCS TO HEALTH SERVIC BY LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR PERSONS: SYSTEMATIC LERATURE REVIEW

LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENR, AND QUEER (LGBTQ+) COMMUNI AND THE CORONAVIS DISEASE 2019 PANMIC: A CALL TO BREAK THE CYCLE OF STCTURAL BARRIERS

Generally, Meyer (2003) poss three strs procs om distal to proximal: (a) objective or external strsors, which clu stctural or stutnalized discrimatn and direct terpersonal teractns of victimizatn or prejudice; (b) one’s expectatns that victimizatn or rejectn will occur and the vigilance related to the expectatns; and (c) the ternalizatn of negative social attus (often referred to as ternalized homophobia).

E., those wh more protectns for same-sex upl, greater number of registered Democrats, prence of gay-straight allianc (GSAs) schools, and SOGI-specific nondiscrimatn and antibullyg polici] are ls likely to attempt suici even after ntrollg for other risk ditors, such as a history of physil abe, prsive symptomatology, drkg behavrs, and peer victimizatn (Hatzenbuehler 2011). At one extreme, the Tennsee legislature failed to pass the “Don’t Say Gay” bill, which would have ma illegal for teachers to discs homosexualy wh stunts; at the other, the “Mental Health Servic for At-Risk Youth” bill California allows youth ag 12 to 17 to nsent to mental health treatment whout parental permissn and was signed to enable LGBT youth to seek mental health servic pennt of parental nsent. E., substance e)Genr intyone’s sense and subjective experience of genr (malens/femalens), which may or may not be nsistent wh birth sexSexual orientatnendurg sense of emotnal, sexual attractn to others based on their sex/genrSOGIsexual orientatn and genr intyGSAGay-Straight Alliance school clubSexual intyself-label to scribe one’s sexual orientatn, such as lbian, gay, bisexual, or straightCBOmuny-based anizatnFootnotDISCLOSURE STATEMENTThe thors are not aware of any affiliatns, memberships, fundg, or fancial holdgs that might be perceived as affectg the objectivy of this review.

A survey of LGBTQ+ people about their experienc of discrimatn showed that 37% of rponnts who intify as gay, lbian, queer, or bisexual experienced some form of negative and/or discrimatory treatment om a doctor or healthre provir the last year; 59% of transgenr rponnts experienced some form of negative and/or discrimatory treatment om a doctor or healthre provir the last year. Bis bmedil and epimlogil rmatn on disease prevalence, risk, and vulnerabily, be important to know the formulatn of public health polici directed to the group, implitns of genr issu, the stcturg of health servic, and performance of profsnals, sce the make up the factors that directly terfere wh accs and that guarantee the right to health of the homosexual populatn [6, 7]. [1] BrazilSciELO52 managers Health and 43 LGBT activistsAnalysis of ernment documentary sourc and applitn of semi-stctured are difficulti implementatn of health actns wh rpect to homosexuals, which impli the search for servic only suatns of emergency re, nsired the gateway system by LGBT groupBarbosa and Facchi [2] BrazilSciELO30 homosexual womenEthnographic observatn and applitn of semi-stctured to be stanc of discrimatn agast homosexuals health servic, LGBT members seek health re generally suatns of greater illns.

MENTAL HEALTH LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR (LGBT) YOUTH

Healthre profsnals should adopt behavrs vg the LGBT populatn, assurg them the rmatn that should take to acunt all aspects of health and not only aspects related to, Barrgton, Bolanõs, Arandi and Paz-Bailey [9] GuatemalaCochrane8 transsexuals, 16 homo/ bisexual men and 5 heterosexual menApplitn of semi-stctured and bisexual men suffer om difficulti of accs to health servic due to homosexual orientatn as well as experience breach of nfintialy and discrimatn servic by profsnals.

Quantative StudyBuchmueller and Carpenter [5] Uned StatPubMed5, 265 homosexuals and 802, 659 heterosexualsApplitn of stctured terviews and acplishment of logistic are differenc attendance between homosexual and heterosexual women wh regard to accs to surance and health servic; the first prent more difficulti, bee of prejudice and discrimatn based on sexual, Randall and Gor. Lbians and bisexual women have more health risks than heterosexual, particularly diseas affectg the genals, bee they have limed accs to servic as a rult of prejudice and discrimatn on grounds of sexual orientatn prent the attus of the area, Tmouth and Lu [12] EnglandPubMed489 homosexual womenSelf-admistered survey wh applitn of stctured qutnnair. [13] USAPubMed6, 972 gay menProspective study wh recment and applitn of stctured ternalized homophobia by the homosexual hrs the search for health servic, brgg him a set of health problems, among them those of mental 2 prents a flowchart that summariz the ma nclns about the studi found, analyzg the terface between intified studi revealed the ma implitns of homosexualy towards accs to health servic: differenc health re between heterosexual and homosexual dividuals, particularly for the female homosexual populatn [5–10]; munitn difficulti as a accsibily barrier to the gay populatn to health servic [3]; prejudicial nduct adopted by health profsnals [4, 11]; breach of nfintialy durg nsultatns [9]; disclosure of sexual orientatn health servic [12]; persu of health servic major ndns suatns, bee of stutnal homophobia [1, 2]; ternalized homophobia [13]; agg and homosexual orientatn as accs barriers [14]; need for holistic re beyond the sexual issu of the homosexual populatn [8]; and higher performance of profsnal servic towards the re of LGBT youth [15].

This relatnship may jtify the fdgs of the studi, where the votnal trag health is ground on a heteronormative and prejudiced culture, which impli an stutnal vlence health servic, which n nsequently jtify the rctn of health re by the LGBT orr to do the ntextualizatn of the selected studi, the ax “health servic”, “implitns of homosexualy” and “votnal trag health” were renamed the form of tegori and discsed wh the aim of explag the rults of rearch and discsg their fdgs, rpectively : (i) homophobia health re: LGBT accs barriers; (ii) implitns of homosexualy self-re and health servic accs; and (iii) votnal trag health: fics to attendance for the LGBT the first tegory, the challeng for health re to the LGBT populatn are discsed, which, part, are associated wh sexual practic and liftyl of the group perceived as viant om a supposed normal range fed by genr relatns, which dite heterosexualy as domant pattern of sexual orientatn.

ACCS TO HEALTH SERVIC BY LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR PERSONS: SYSTEMATIC LERATURE REVIEW

This ndn rerc social patterns of sexual experience, thereby fg guil to sexual/erotic practic and hailg heterosexualy, or other words, the emotnal/sexual attractn to the oppose sex, as domant pattern of sexual orientatn [1] the papers are rejected, the example of homosexualy, rejectn behavrs are envisned as a vic circle, transmted om generatn to generatn, and characterized as homophobia [1].

Shame and fear of reprisals after disclosure of sexual orientatn have shown associatn wh a set of problems among gay and bisexual men, cludg prsn and anxiety, relatnship problems, sexual pulsn, and the e of psychoactive substanc [19] general, the existence of ternal and external homophobia impli the displacement of the populatn, s of illns, to pharmaci first. Implitns of homosexualy self-re and accs to health servicAlthough most scientific studi have female participants, bee historilly women seek attendance for health re, knowledge about accs to servic by the general homosexual populatn is a key dimensn to the formulatn of appropriate public search for health servic for homosexual women pared wh heterosexual women reveals a lower equency nductg preventive and route tts, such as preventive examatn agast cervil and breast ncer [2, 6, 10, 11]. Homosexual women are ten tim more likely not to have and/or receive the rults of Pap tts and are four tim more likely do not to unrgo mammography [10] rctn the equency of performg the Pap smear is jtified by homosexual women the way the examatn is nducted, sce n reveal the prence of self-reported physil attribut as masculized and make possible to intify a sexualy that may be seen as viant [2].

It is noteworthy that the AIDS epimic has raised the pursu of this populatn to the servic, makg gays more likely to seek preventive re for suatns that put them at risk of HIV fectn [3, 5], as there is a historil and cultural associatn between male homosexualy and regard to the search for accs to health rmatn, a study nducted Mexi and Brazil, wh a sample of 122 homosexual participants, revealed that this group’s sourc of rmatn are gay iends, magaz/books, webs, and civil society anizatns [2, 4]. Dpe the prence of qualative studi, nsired a limatn of this review, before the subjective nature of s methodologil approach, the review highlights the prejudice and discrimatn suffered by the LGBT populatn accsg good qualy health LGBT populatn experience difficulti munitg wh health profsnals, apart om the fear of assumptns about their sexual orientatn, and of embarrassg suatns when exprsg their homosexualy/bisexualy, due to the homophobia prent profsnals’ excln and margalizatn health servic impli a rctn attendance and the subsequent search for assistance, ntributg to the viatn of this clientele, view of their own body re and rcg the chance of velopg tnal and preventive health be necsary therefore, to ensure that, apart om the provisn of qualified and equipped health servic, there are traed profsnals stripped of discrimatory attus that area. To that, the acplishment of new rearch on the theme may provi a broar discsn and generate favorable chang the health re of the LGBT this, important measur are: the troductn of this topic to unrgraduate curricula of health profsnals; nductg trag wh already workg profsnals; monorg the implementatn of laws addrsg social homophobia; and the velopment of empowerment strategi across the LGBT populatn, so that is possible to act the relentls pursu of their rights, beg visible as subjects of their own history.