The high percentage of gay and bisexual men who are livg wh HIV means that, as a group, they have a greater risk of beg exposed to HIV; browse lks here.
Contents:
- HIV AMONG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN THE U.S.
- HIV AND ALL GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
- THE HIGH RISK OF GAY BLACK MEN GETTG HIV
- AMERI MAY BE HEADG INTO AN STD EPIMIC—AND GAY AND BI MEN ARE GOG TO BE THE HARST H
- NST T="UNFED"!=TYPEOF HTMLIMAGEELEMENT&&"LOADG" HTMLIMAGEELEMENT.PROTOTYPE;IF(T){NST T=DOCUMENT.QUERYSELECTORALL("IMG[DATA-MA-IMAGE]");FOR(LET E OF T){(E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRC",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRC")),(E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRCSET",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRCSET"));NST T=E.PARENTNO.QUERYSELECTORALL("SOURCE[DATA-SRCSET]");FOR(LET E OF T)E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRCSET",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRCSET");PLETE&&(,E.PARENTNO.PARENTNO.QUERYSELECTOR("[DATA-PLACEHOLR-IMAGE]"))}}HIV BASICSOVERVIEWABOUT HIV & AIDSWHAT ARE HIV AND AIDS?HOW IS HIV TRANSMTED?WHO IS AT RISK FOR HIV?SYMPTOMS OF HIVDATA & TRENDSU.S. STATISTICSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORIGLOBAL STATISTICSHISTORYHIV AND AIDS TIMELEMAKG A DIFFERENCESUPPORTG SOMEONE LIVG WH HIVSTANDG UP TO STIGMAGETTG INVOLVEDHIV PREVENTNUSG HIV MEDITN TO RCE RISKHIV TREATMENT AS PREVENTNPRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PREP)POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP)RCG SEXUAL RISKPREVENTG SEXUAL TRANSMISSN OF HIVRCG RISK OM ALHOL & DG USEALHOL AND HIV RISKSUBSTANCE USE AND HIV RISKRCG RISK OF PERATAL TRANSMISSNPREVENTG PERATAL TRANSMISSN OF HIVPOTENTIAL FUTURE OPTNSHIV VACCLONG-ACTG HIV PREVENTN TOOLSMICROBICISHIV TTGLEARN ABOUT HIV TTGWHO SHOULD GET TTED?HIV TTG LOTNSHIV TTG OVERVIEWUNRSTANDG HIV TT RULTSJT DIAGNOSED: WHAT'S NEXT?LIVG WH HIVTALKG ABOUT YOUR HIV STATSTARTG HIV CAREFD A PROVIRLOTE AN HIV CARE PROVIRTYP OF PROVIRSTAKE CHARGE OF YOUR CAREGETTG READY FOR YOUR FIRST VISWHAT TO EXPECT AT YOUR FIRST HIV CARE VISSTAYG HIV CAREPROVIR VISS AND LAB TTSMAKG CARE WORK FOR YOUSEEG YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIRHIV LAB TTS AND RULTSRETURNG TO CAREHIV TREATMENTHIV TREATMENT OVERVIEWVIRAL SUPPRSN AND UNTECTABLE VIRAL LOAD TAKG YOUR HIV MEDICE AS PRCRIBEDTIPS ON TAKG YOUR HIV MEDITN EVERY DAYPAYG FOR HIV CARE AND TREATMENTOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECORONAVIS (COVID-19) AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CIMMUNIZATNS AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSULIVG WELL WH HIVTAKG CARE OF YOURSELFAGG WH HIVEMERGENCI AND DISASTERS AND HIVEMPLOYMENT AND HEALTHEXERCISE AND PHYSIL ACTIVYFOOD SAFETY AND NUTRNHOG AND HEALTHTRAVELG OUTSI THE U.S.YOUR LEGAL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTSWORKPLACE RIGHTSLIMS ON CONFINTIALYFERAL RPONSENATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGYNATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGY (2022-2025)PRR NATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGI (2010-2021)IMPLEMENTG THE NATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGYENDG THE HIV EPIMICABOUT ENDG THE HIV EPIMIC THE U.S.OVERVIEWKEY STRATEGIPRRY JURISDICTNSHHS AGENCI INVOLVEDFUNDGTIMELELEARN MORE ABOUT EHEREADY, SET, PREPREADY, SET, PREPREADY, SET, PREP PHARMACIREADY, SET, PREP ROURCAHEADAHEAD: AMERI’S HIV EPIMIC ANALYSIS DASHBOARDFERAL ACTIVI & AGENCIHIV PREVENTN ACTIVIHIV TTG ACTIVIHIV CARE AND TREATMENT ACTIVIHIV REARCH ACTIVIACTIVI COMBATG HIV STIGMA AND DISCRIMATNPOLICI & ISSUTHE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT AND HIV/AIDSHIV CARE CONTUUMSYRGE SERVIC PROGRAMSFUNDGBUDGETFERAL FUNDG FOR HIV/AIDSMORY HIV/AIDS FUNDOVERVIEWBACKGROUNDFUND ACTIVITHE FUND ACTNPACHAABOUT PACHACHARTERMEMBERS & STAFFSUBMTEPRR PACHA MEETGS AND REMENDATNSCAMPAIGNSI AM A WORK OF ART CAMPAIGNAWARENS CAMPAIGNSPEPFAR & GLOBAL AIDSGLOBAL HIV/AIDS OVERVIEWPEPFARU.S. GOVERNMENT GLOBAL HIV/AIDS ACTIVIGLOBAL HIV/AIDS ORGANIZATNSEVENTSAWARENS DAYSNATNAL BLACK HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY FEBARY 7HIV IS NOT A CRIME AWARENS DAY FEBARY 28NATNAL WOMEN AND GIRLS HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MARCH 10NATNAL NATIVE HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MARCH 20NATNAL YOUTH HIV & AIDS AWARENS DAY APRIL 10HIV VACCE AWARENS DAY MAY 18NATNAL ASIAN & PACIFIC ISLANR HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MAY 19HIV LONG-TERM SURVIVORS AWARENS DAY JUNE 5NATNAL HIV TTG DAY JUNE 27ZERO HIV STIGMA JULY 21SOUTHERN HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY AUGT 20NATNAL FAH HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY AUGT 27NATNAL AIN IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEE HIV/AIDS AND HEPATIS AWARENS DAY SEPTEMPBER 9NATNAL HIV/AIDS AND AGG AWARENS DAY SEPTEMPBER 18NATNAL GAY MEN'S HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY SEPTEMBER 27NATNAL LATX AIDS AWARENS DAY OCTOBER 15WORLD AIDS DAY DECEMBER 1EVENT PLANNG GUI CONFERENCU.S. CONFERENCE ON HIV/AIDS (USCHA) NATNAL RYAN WHE CONFERENCE ON HIV CARE & TREATMENT AIDS 2020 (23RD INTERNATNAL AIDS CONFERENCE VIRTUAL) LEARNG OPPORTUNILEARNG OPPORTUNILEARNG OPPORTUNIWANT TO STAY ABREAST OF CHANG PREVENTN, RE, TREATMENT OR REARCH OR OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH ARENAS THAT AFFECT OUR LLECTIVE RPONSE TO THE HIV EPIMIC? OR ARE YOU NEW TO THIS FIELD? CURAT LEARNG OPPORTUNI FOR YOU, AND THE PEOPLE YOU SERVE AND LLABORATE WH.STAY UP TO DATE WH THE WEBARS, TWTER CHATS, NFERENC AND MORE THIS SECTN.MORE LEARNG OPPORTUNIBLOGGET TTED. FD SERVIC + PREPSEARCHGOESPAñOL ESPAñOL ES GET TTED. FD SERVIC + PREPSEARCHOPEN LOTOR SEARCHHIV SERVICES LOCATORSEARCH⨯CLOSEHOMEHIV BASICSSTAYG IN HIV CAREOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSECTN MENUGET TTED. FIND SERVICES + PREP.OTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECOVID-19 AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CVACC AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSUSEARCHOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECOVID-19 AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CVACC AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSUSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNS
- STD FACTS – WHAT GAY, BISEXUAL AND OTHER MEN WHO HAVE SEX WH MEN NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEXUALLY TRANSMTED DISEAS
HIV AMONG GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN THE U.S.
* is hiv a gay std *
New HIV fectns cled among gay and bisexual men the last , but HIV ntu to disproportnately affect gay and bisexual men relative to other muni the U. Progrs rcg new HIV fectns among gay and bisexual men has also not been equal, wh differenc by race, ethnicy, and age. Factors that fluence health out—cludg HIV-related stigma, homophobia, racism, discrimatn, poverty, limed accs to high-qualy health re, and other longstandg barriers—have ntributed to the unequal reach of HIV preventn and treatment; higher levels of HIV some muni; and ntued equi.
Addnally, 2020, 49% fewer HIV tts were admistered among gay and bisexual men non-healthre settgs than 2019.
Wh effective preventn and treatment tools at our disposal, the natn has a s--the-makg opportuny to end the domtic HIV epimic and elimate dispari HIV preventn and re among gay and bisexual men and other populatns disproportnately affected by HIV. Gay and bisexual men n take the followg steps to rce their risk of HIV fectn:. Social and stctural issu—such as HIV stigma, homophobia, discrimatn, poverty, and limed accs to high-qualy health re—fluence health out and ntue to drive equi.
HIV AND ALL GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN
Gay and bisexual men are more severely affected by HIV than any other group the Uned Stat (US). * is hiv a gay std *
Get the latt data on HIV among gay and bisexual men and fd out how CDC is makg a difference.
THE HIGH RISK OF GAY BLACK MEN GETTG HIV
A 2017 study om the CDC nclud that one of every two gay black men the Uned Stat will get HIV his lifetime. Learn the reasons why." emprop="scriptn * is hiv a gay std *
This web ntent the term gay and bisexual men to reprent gay, bisexual, and other men who reported male-to-male sexual ntact.
This article tak a closer look at the CDC fdgs and outl the var factors ntributg to the exceptnally high risk of HIV gay and bisexual Black men the Uned Stat. This not only clus creasg treatment accs for at-risk muni but also overg barriers to HIV ttg (cludg HIV stigma and homophobia). This n send gay and bisexual men to hidg for fear of disclosure of not only their HIV stat but their sexual orientatn as well.
Acrdg to the CDC, gay and bisexual men of lor tend to have sex wh their own race, meang that their sexual works are smaller and more exclive. Gay men of lor also tend to have sex wh olr men as a rult of their smaller sexual works.
AMERI MAY BE HEADG INTO AN STD EPIMIC—AND GAY AND BI MEN ARE GOG TO BE THE HARST H
The for this dispary are many, cludg HIV stigma, homophobia, smaller sexual works, distst ernment stutns, and higher rat of poverty and sexually transmted fectns. If you are a gay or bisexual Black man, is important to intify your personal risks of HIV fectn and take steps to mimize them. Ameri May Be Headg Into an STD Epimic—and Gay and Bi Men Are Gog to Be the Harst H.
Eher way, gay and bi men have reason to be alarmed. Those most at risk were gay and bisexual men (regardls of their PrEP stat), as well as the youth of Ameri: Young adults aged 15 to 24 acunted for half the gonorrhea diagnos and two-thirds of the chlamydia s. As a journalist who vers sexual health and as a gay man who has sex, seems to me that our muny is on the cp of a major STD epimic.
On a piece om USA Today, one person wrote: “Lot’s of young whor out there today, ” while another said, “looks like gays are terme[d] to do themselv harm.
NST T="UNFED"!=TYPEOF HTMLIMAGEELEMENT&&"LOADG" HTMLIMAGEELEMENT.PROTOTYPE;IF(T){NST T=DOCUMENT.QUERYSELECTORALL("IMG[DATA-MA-IMAGE]");FOR(LET E OF T){(E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRC",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRC")),(E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRCSET",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRCSET"));NST T=E.PARENTNO.QUERYSELECTORALL("SOURCE[DATA-SRCSET]");FOR(LET E OF T)E.SETATTRIBUTE("SRCSET",),E.REMOVEATTRIBUTE("DATA-SRCSET");PLETE&&(,E.PARENTNO.PARENTNO.QUERYSELECTOR("[DATA-PLACEHOLR-IMAGE]"))}}HIV BASICSOVERVIEWABOUT HIV & AIDSWHAT ARE HIV AND AIDS?HOW IS HIV TRANSMTED?WHO IS AT RISK FOR HIV?SYMPTOMS OF HIVDATA & TRENDSU.S. STATISTICSIMPACT ON RACIAL AND ETHNIC MORIGLOBAL STATISTICSHISTORYHIV AND AIDS TIMELEMAKG A DIFFERENCESUPPORTG SOMEONE LIVG WH HIVSTANDG UP TO STIGMAGETTG INVOLVEDHIV PREVENTNUSG HIV MEDITN TO RCE RISKHIV TREATMENT AS PREVENTNPRE-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PREP)POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS (PEP)RCG SEXUAL RISKPREVENTG SEXUAL TRANSMISSN OF HIVRCG RISK OM ALHOL & DG USEALHOL AND HIV RISKSUBSTANCE USE AND HIV RISKRCG RISK OF PERATAL TRANSMISSNPREVENTG PERATAL TRANSMISSN OF HIVPOTENTIAL FUTURE OPTNSHIV VACCLONG-ACTG HIV PREVENTN TOOLSMICROBICISHIV TTGLEARN ABOUT HIV TTGWHO SHOULD GET TTED?HIV TTG LOTNSHIV TTG OVERVIEWUNRSTANDG HIV TT RULTSJT DIAGNOSED: WHAT'S NEXT?LIVG WH HIVTALKG ABOUT YOUR HIV STATSTARTG HIV CAREFD A PROVIRLOTE AN HIV CARE PROVIRTYP OF PROVIRSTAKE CHARGE OF YOUR CAREGETTG READY FOR YOUR FIRST VISWHAT TO EXPECT AT YOUR FIRST HIV CARE VISSTAYG HIV CAREPROVIR VISS AND LAB TTSMAKG CARE WORK FOR YOUSEEG YOUR HEALTH CARE PROVIRHIV LAB TTS AND RULTSRETURNG TO CAREHIV TREATMENTHIV TREATMENT OVERVIEWVIRAL SUPPRSN AND UNTECTABLE VIRAL LOAD TAKG YOUR HIV MEDICE AS PRCRIBEDTIPS ON TAKG YOUR HIV MEDITN EVERY DAYPAYG FOR HIV CARE AND TREATMENTOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECORONAVIS (COVID-19) AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CIMMUNIZATNS AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSULIVG WELL WH HIVTAKG CARE OF YOURSELFAGG WH HIVEMERGENCI AND DISASTERS AND HIVEMPLOYMENT AND HEALTHEXERCISE AND PHYSIL ACTIVYFOOD SAFETY AND NUTRNHOG AND HEALTHTRAVELG OUTSI THE U.S.YOUR LEGAL RIGHTSCIVIL RIGHTSWORKPLACE RIGHTSLIMS ON CONFINTIALYFERAL RPONSENATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGYNATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGY (2022-2025)PRR NATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGI (2010-2021)IMPLEMENTG THE NATNAL HIV/AIDS STRATEGYENDG THE HIV EPIMICABOUT ENDG THE HIV EPIMIC THE U.S.OVERVIEWKEY STRATEGIPRRY JURISDICTNSHHS AGENCI INVOLVEDFUNDGTIMELELEARN MORE ABOUT EHEREADY, SET, PREPREADY, SET, PREPREADY, SET, PREP PHARMACIREADY, SET, PREP ROURCAHEADAHEAD: AMERI’S HIV EPIMIC ANALYSIS DASHBOARDFERAL ACTIVI & AGENCIHIV PREVENTN ACTIVIHIV TTG ACTIVIHIV CARE AND TREATMENT ACTIVIHIV REARCH ACTIVIACTIVI COMBATG HIV STIGMA AND DISCRIMATNPOLICI & ISSUTHE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT AND HIV/AIDSHIV CARE CONTUUMSYRGE SERVIC PROGRAMSFUNDGBUDGETFERAL FUNDG FOR HIV/AIDSMORY HIV/AIDS FUNDOVERVIEWBACKGROUNDFUND ACTIVITHE FUND ACTNPACHAABOUT PACHACHARTERMEMBERS & STAFFSUBMTEPRR PACHA MEETGS AND REMENDATNSCAMPAIGNSI AM A WORK OF ART CAMPAIGNAWARENS CAMPAIGNSPEPFAR & GLOBAL AIDSGLOBAL HIV/AIDS OVERVIEWPEPFARU.S. GOVERNMENT GLOBAL HIV/AIDS ACTIVIGLOBAL HIV/AIDS ORGANIZATNSEVENTSAWARENS DAYSNATNAL BLACK HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY FEBARY 7HIV IS NOT A CRIME AWARENS DAY FEBARY 28NATNAL WOMEN AND GIRLS HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MARCH 10NATNAL NATIVE HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MARCH 20NATNAL YOUTH HIV & AIDS AWARENS DAY APRIL 10HIV VACCE AWARENS DAY MAY 18NATNAL ASIAN & PACIFIC ISLANR HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY MAY 19HIV LONG-TERM SURVIVORS AWARENS DAY JUNE 5NATNAL HIV TTG DAY JUNE 27ZERO HIV STIGMA JULY 21SOUTHERN HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY AUGT 20NATNAL FAH HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY AUGT 27NATNAL AIN IMMIGRANTS AND REFUGEE HIV/AIDS AND HEPATIS AWARENS DAY SEPTEMPBER 9NATNAL HIV/AIDS AND AGG AWARENS DAY SEPTEMPBER 18NATNAL GAY MEN'S HIV/AIDS AWARENS DAY SEPTEMBER 27NATNAL LATX AIDS AWARENS DAY OCTOBER 15WORLD AIDS DAY DECEMBER 1EVENT PLANNG GUI CONFERENCU.S. CONFERENCE ON HIV/AIDS (USCHA) NATNAL RYAN WHE CONFERENCE ON HIV CARE & TREATMENT AIDS 2020 (23RD INTERNATNAL AIDS CONFERENCE VIRTUAL) LEARNG OPPORTUNILEARNG OPPORTUNILEARNG OPPORTUNIWANT TO STAY ABREAST OF CHANG PREVENTN, RE, TREATMENT OR REARCH OR OTHER PUBLIC HEALTH ARENAS THAT AFFECT OUR LLECTIVE RPONSE TO THE HIV EPIMIC? OR ARE YOU NEW TO THIS FIELD? CURAT LEARNG OPPORTUNI FOR YOU, AND THE PEOPLE YOU SERVE AND LLABORATE WH.STAY UP TO DATE WH THE WEBARS, TWTER CHATS, NFERENC AND MORE THIS SECTN.MORE LEARNG OPPORTUNIBLOGGET TTED. FD SERVIC + PREPSEARCHGOESPAñOL ESPAñOL ES GET TTED. FD SERVIC + PREPSEARCHOPEN LOTOR SEARCHHIV SERVICES LOCATORSEARCH⨯CLOSEHOMEHIV BASICSSTAYG IN HIV CAREOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSECTN MENUGET TTED. FIND SERVICES + PREP.OTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECOVID-19 AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CVACC AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSUSEARCHOTHER RELATED HEALTH ISSUOTHER HEALTH ISSU OF SPECIAL CONCERN FOR PEOPLE LIVG WH HIVALHOL AND DG USECOVID-19 AND PEOPLE WH HIVHEPATIS B & CVACC AND PEOPLE WH HIVFLU AND PEOPLE WH HIVMENTAL HEALTHMPOX AND PEOPLE WH HIVOPPORTUNISTIC INFECTNSSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNSSMOKGHIV AND WOMEN'S HEALTH ISSUSEXUALLY TRANSMTED INFECTNS
Is “bad” sexual behavr among gays and other groups to blame for the trend?
Wh the gay and bi male muny, I’ve recently noticed a lax attu about ntractg STDs on the part of some guys. Many gay men I know live big ci that, for the moment, offer accs to cheap or ee ttg and treatment—an unfortunately unmon suatn, as the CDC pots out. “It’s good to regnize that the people who are experiencg the most STI dispari aren’t jt homos, but are young people between the ag of 15 to 24, are muni of lor that also e om plac where there’s not very good sex tn, ” he said.
STD FACTS – WHAT GAY, BISEXUAL AND OTHER MEN WHO HAVE SEX WH MEN NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SEXUALLY TRANSMTED DISEAS
In that state, for example, stctors nnot e any sexually explic materials pictg homosexual activy, nor n they hand out ndoms. Some young people Louisiana (or gay and bi people who ed to be young Louisiana) might not realize that you n get an STD om somethg like oral sex, whether givg or receivg.