The human rights of lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, queer, 2-spir and tersex persons

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• GAY RIGHTS
• THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENR, QUEER, 2-SPIR AND TERSEX PERSONS
• EX-GAY MOVEMENT

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

PolicsCanada is now home to about one ln people who intify as members of the LGBTQ muny, wh people unr the age of 25 acuntg for a disproportnately large portn of the LGBTQ says s reportg on transgenr populatns will improveA rabow flag hangs Montreal's Gay Village. In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.

GAY RIGHTS

In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act. Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons.

This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat.

Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).

THE HUMAN RIGHTS OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENR, QUEER, 2-SPIR AND TERSEX PERSONS

Ary’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy (1993–2011), which had permted gay and lbian dividuals to serve the ary if they did not disclose their sexual orientatn or engage homosexual activy; the repeal effectively end the ban on homosexuals the ary.

That year, the Supreme Court of Canada upheld a lg that labelled Everett Klippert a "dangero sexual offenr" and threw him prison for admtg he was gay and that he had sex wh other, homosexual Canadians enjoy much more eedom and societal acceptance. In 1967, Klippert is sent to prison fely as a "dangero sex offenr, " a sentence that was backed up by the Supreme Court of Canada that same 22, 1967Jtice Mister Pierre T propos amendments to the Crimal Co which, among other thgs, would relax the laws agast 1969, amendments that Prime Mister Pierre T had proposed when he was jtice mister to the Crimal Co to crimalize homosexualy are passed. The ernment ws on appeal 1996 and the cisn is November 1997, the se go to the Supreme Court of Canada and on April 2, 1998, the high urt unanimoly l that the excln of homosexuals om Alberta's Individual Rights Protectn Act is a vlatn of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

EX-GAY MOVEMENT

November 1992The feral urt lifts the untry's ban on homosexuals the ary, allowg gays and lbians to serve the armed 9, 1992As promised, Jtice Mister Kim Campbell troduc Bill C-108, which would add "sexual orientatn" to the Canadian Human Rights Act. But the act, which would also rtrict the fn of "maral stat" to oppose-sex upl, don't pass first June 3, 1993, the Senate pass Bill S-15, another attempt at addg "sexual orientatn" to the Canadian Human Rights Act, but the bill don't make to the Hoe of Commons bee Parliament is dissolved for the 1993 feral 23, 1993In the Mossop se, the Supreme Court of Canada l that the nial of bereavement leave to a gay partner is not discrimatn based on fay stat fed the Canadian Human Rights Act. The Supreme Court also not that if Sectn 15 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms had been argued, the lg might have been 1995The Supreme Court l on the se volvg Jim Egan and Jack Nb, two gay men who sued Ottawa for the right to claim a spoal pensn unr the Old Age Secury Act.

However, all ne judg agree that sexual orientatn is a protected ground and that protectn extends to partnerships of lbians and gay 1995An Ontar Court judge fds that the Child and Fay Servic Act of Ontar g Sectn 15 of the Charter by not allowg same-sex upl to brg a jot applitn for adoptn. Nearly two dozen homosexual upl applied for marriage licenc Ontar on June 17, 2003Prime Mister Jean Chrétien announc legislatn to make same-sex marriag legal, while at the same time permtg church and other relig groups to "sanctify marriage as they see . Gay and lbian partners — pursug Canadian Pensn Plan benefs om their ceased partners — say the feral ernment is discrimatg agast them and have filed a $400-ln class-actn 27, 2003Alliance Lear Stephen Harper Thursday fir MP Larry Spencer as fay issu cric after Spencer said homosexualy should be 19, 2003An Ontar urt l that Ottawa has discrimated agast same-sex upl by nyg benefs to those whose partners died before 1998.

"No church, no temple, no synagogue, no mosque, no relig official will be asked or forced to perform a marriage that is ntrary to their beliefs, " says Prime Mister Pl 25, 2005Four gay upl New Bnswick file papers wh the provce's Court of Appeal askg to refe marriage to clu same-sex unns. S., the ary's first gay 20, 2005Jason Perro and Col Snow, a same-sex uple om Yellowknife, sue the ernment of the Northwt Terrori over the right to be 23, 2005New Bnswick's Court of Queen's Bench fds the provce's current fn of civil marriage vlat the rights of gay people. Individual unns, mostly the public sector, began supportg lbian and gay claims the 1980s, and the next a good part of the overall labor movement was assertively backg the LGBT e and soon takg on issu of genr inty as well as sexual orientatn.

Among the groups that bed radil ias and a foc on the rights of a fable gay and lbian mory was Vanuver’s Gay Alliance Toward Equaly, which lnched a formal challenge to the Vanuver Sun’s refal to prt one of s ads soon after s formatn 1971, eventually securg a victory the Supreme Court of Canada (Gay Alliance Toward Equaly v.

Most of the groups formed the first wave of liberatnist activism had only a short life, and those that endured, like Gays of Ottawa, Gays for Equaly Wnipeg, and Gay Alliance for Equaly Halifax, me to rely on only small handfuls of volunteers (Warner, 2002, pp. Much like the ADGQ after the 1977 Txx raid Montreal, the Right to Privacy Commtee (RTPC) Toronto effectively marshaled anger but also helped cement a broad range of allianc wh other lbian/gay groups, civil liberti advot, ethno-racial mory muni, labor unns, and reformist policians. The nflicts tensified later on the 1980s as the urts and the feral ernment veloped ameworks for regulatg sexual material ostensibly rmed by femist arguments, though eventually the warfare over pornography wh lbian and gay advocy works abated as more evince accumulated that new l were jt as discrimatory toward LGBT material as the old on (Cossman, Bell, Gotell, & Ross, 1997).

In rponse, relig nservativ generated the sgle largt wave of antigay prott that Canada had yet seen, but at year’s end activists helped persua a majory of legislators to approve the measure, part by highlightg the hatefulns of the relig right’s mpaigng. The fact that relatnship claims were not lked to the ia of marriage ensured that they had wispread support across LGBT muni, even if groups like the Coaln for Lbian and Gay Rights Ontar had stggled to velop what Tom Warner scribed as a “agile nsens” that bridged differenc between liberatnist skepticism about prrizg the rights of upl and aimg for “mere equaly” and those who were foced on precisely that equaly (Warner, 2002, pp.

Groups such as this, alongsi long-tablished works of immigratn profsnals across the untry, were also attentive to screeng procs applied to sexual mory refuge that set eher unrealistic standards for provg homosexualy or for termg the uniendls of plac om which claimants were pg.

Between 2006 and 2015, the feral ernment was the hands of a Conservative ernment that avoid takg on the hight profile issu prsed upon by religly tradnalist supporters, but still unrtook many smaller steps to signal s sympathi wh their antigay agenda (Raysi et al., 2017, chap. Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter.