Party and prott: the radil history of gay liberatn, Stonewall and Pri | LGBTQ+ rights | The Guardian

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• PARTY AND PROTT: THE RADIL HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN, STONEWALL AND PRI
• THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

GAY RIGHTS

In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons. In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women.

In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act. This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage). We will exame the Women's Movement, which fought for genr equaly and women's rights, the Gay Liberatn Movement, which advoted for LGBTQ+ rights, the Amerin Indian Movement, which sought self-termatn and sovereignty for Indigeno peopl, and affirmative actn polici, which aimed to addrs past discrimatn and promote diversy tn and the workforce.

" The danger was not solely bee they were gay though; homosexuals were nsired to be more sceptible to blackmail and th were labeled as secury Courty of CBS NewsMcCarthy hired Roy Cohn—who would later die of AIDS and was acced of beg a closeted homosexual as chief unsel of his Congrsnal submtee.

PARTY AND PROTT: THE RADIL HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN, STONEWALL AND PRI

A Michigan transgenr woman, Aimee Stephens, said she was fired om the funeral home where she worked for six years as Anthony Stephens bee of her transn om male to than 90% of Amerins believe gays and lbians should have equal rights terms of job opportuni, acrdg to a 2019 Gallup poll. Soon they were advotg nothg ls than “gay liberatn” nscns-raisg groups to fundraisg danc, protts outsi hostile newspapers to refug for homels trans and queer people, this surge LGBTQ+ anisg took many forms, and as the first anniversary of the rts me to view, some the muny began discsg how bt to mark what was beg regard as the “Bastille day” of gay rights.

The roots of that bate go back to s earlit days, and suggt that Pri and the Stonewall rts have always been part of a ntent battle for inty and ownership – a battle that has helped produce the very ia of what beg a lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr or queer person might Stonewall rts were not the birth of the gay rights movement. Seven years before that, when police had raid Coopers, a donut shop the cy ntled between two gay bars, LGBTQ+ patrons had attacked officers after the arrt of a number of drag queens, sex workers and gay had been a gay rights movement the US among people scribg themselv as “homophil” sce the late 40s.

Hirschfeld’s scientific approach, bed wh his sympathetic treatment of LGBTQ+ people – he was himself homosexual – had been key velopg the ia that their shared experienc uld be unrstood not jt as discrete sexual (and crimal) acts, nor as psychiatric illns, but as a legible sexual and genr inty, which uld be afford civil rights. ) The Mattache Society had radil roots activism, takg on the anisatnal stcture of cells and central anisatn favoured by the Communist well as publishg magaz for gay men, and supportg victims of police entrapment, the society had wir polil aims, cludg to “unify homosexuals isolated om their own kd” and to “te homosexuals and heterosexuals toward an ethil homosexual culture parallelg the cultur of the Negro, Mexin and Jewish peopl”. Such aims would bee key to the ncept of “gay pri” some two s two s, however, would be among the harst for LGBTQ+ people US history, as the greater visibily of the homosexual inty led to a nservative backlash, and a moral panic the media that was palised upon by policians.

THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

After he was forced to appear before the Hoe Un-Amerin Activi Commtee, Hay was expelled om the Mattache Society, now a growg anisatn of a few thoand men, and he wasn’t the last radil to be thrown homophile movement began to tackle “subversive elements” and orient self around rpectabily. In 1966, the Mattache Society challenged this policy wh a “sip-” at Juli’, a Greenwich Village bar that was popular wh gay men, but was attemptg to shake off s homosexual bars equently flouted this law, explog legal loophol and payg off the NYPD while chargg their LGBTQ+ ctomers high pric for watered-down drks.

When, ncerned by the ongog unrt, members of the society pated on the board-up wdows of the Stonewall “WE HOMOSEXUALS PLEAD WITH OUR PEOPLE TO PLEASE HELP MAINTAIN PEACEFUL AND QUIET CONDUCT ON THE STREETS OF THE VILLAGE – MATTACHINE”, their ll went unheed. As the Eastern Regnal Conference of Homophile Organizatns me together for a meetg November 1969 to discs the followg year’s Annual Remr, Rodwell wonred whether a memoratn of the rts – one whout a drs or other rtrictns, and that uld be mirrored across the natn – might not be more suable. At the same time, there were tensns around the excln of trans people, many of whom scribed themselv as queens and transvt, the language of the LGBTQ+ scene at the time, even while still intifyg themselv as “gay” umbrella, which brought people together for the e of liberatn, failed to acknowledge the different experienc of those who sheltered unr , or addrs the power imbalanc wh .

It wasn’t until the 00s, though, that rporate sponsorship began to overwhelm Pri, as more fundg led to larger and larger events, which LGBTQ+ people are now often charged to the late 90s, some US activists created Gay Shame rponse to Pri’s mercialisatn, an event that foced on anisg around wir issu that affected the whole LGBTQ+ muny. Dpe the radil LGBTQ+ anisg that took place rponse to the Aids crisis – where Pri paras beme a loc for awarens-raisg protts – many more-radil activists felt that, wh creasg rporate volvement, the event was beg taken over by liberal activists wantg to assiate queer liv to beg a “mol mory”, wh marriage and ary service beg a symbol that gay people particular had “ma ”. This is te, of urse – but then the same uld be said for the US’s close regnal ally, Sdi Rsia, both fascists and relig fundamentalists have found attempts to anise Pri march a potent rallyg ll, mobilisg wispread homophobic feelg by claimg that homosexualy is, sence, a rptg import om the wt.

THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT

In Poland, natnalist and nservative policians have found electoral benef siar statements; only last year Jarosław Kaczyński, lear of the lg Law and Jtice party, scribed LGBTQ+ activism as a “foreign imported threat to the natn” e of such rhetoric across the world, and the history of European exportatn of homophobic laws, means that attempts by liberal, pro-LGBTQ+ mentators the wt to pict other untri as somehow naturally backwards is often dangeroly unterproductive for LGBTQ+ people those untri. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTSKC- 1Lato, Amerin Indian, and Asian Amerin movements ntued to mand social and enomic equaly and a redrs of past 2Femist and gay and lbian activists mobilized behd claims for legal, enomic, and social 3Femists who participated the unterculture of the 1960s rejected many of the social, enomic, and polil valu of their parents’ generatn and advoted chang sexual norms. Her discharge om the ary over her homosexualy had turned her to an Tob/The New York Public LibraryPublished July 19, 2023Updated July 23, 2023Lilli Vcenz, who beme a gay rights activist the hhed, reprsive era before the Stonewall rebelln of 1969, when such a ncept srcely existed, makg a mark as a newspaper edor, documentary filmmaker and psychotherapist voted to L.

Vicenz beme, by most acunts, the first lbian to picket the Whe Hoe support of equal rights for gay people as a member of the Mattache Society of Washgton, an early gay rights prott — the first of s kd, acrdg to the Library of Congrs — and others that followed were small but brought visibily to a movement s fancy.

Vcenz beme the first out lbian to appear on the ver of a natnal gay magaze, The Ladr, a publitn produced by the untry’s first lbian-rights group, the Dghters of Bilis, acrdg to a retrospective on her life and reer by Lillian Farman, a historian of lbian and gay her scbbed, all-Amerin looks, Dr. Vcenz looked like “every mother’s dream dghter, ” as Barbara Gtgs, The Ladr’s edor, put Vcenz also ntributed to the e on the other si of a mera, makg two 16-limeter films that were later hailed as signifint artifacts of the early gay rights first, tled “The Send-Largt Mory, ” documents a Mattache Society prott ont of Inpennce Hall Philalphia on July 4, morn ey, the black-and-whe film, roughly seven mut, seems anythg but seismic.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

However, others wh LGBT movements have cricized inty polics as limed and flawed, [4] and have stead aimed to transform fundamental stutns of society (such as lbian femism) or have argued that all members of society have the potential for same-sex sexualy (such as Adolf Brand or Gay Liberatn) or a broar range of genr exprsn (such as the transgenr wrg of Kate Bornste). Important amers of the movement clu Karl Ulrichs, who wrote about gay rights the 1860s, the revived wtern culture followg World War II, the new social movements of the 1960s, and the unprecented level of acceptance of the LGBT muny the later twentieth century.

[8] In the 1890s, English socialist poet Edward Carpenter and Sttish anarchist John Henry Mackay wrote fense of same-sex love and androgyny; Carpenter and Brish homosexual rights advote John Addgton Symonds ntributed to the velopment of Havelock Ellis's groundbreakg book Sexual Inversn, which lled for tolerance towards "verts" and was supprsed when first published England. Their e of the word "gay" reprented a new unapologetic fiance—as an antonym for "straight" ("rpectable sexual behavr"), enpassed a range of non-normative sexuali and genr exprsns, such as transgenr street prostut, and sought ultimately to ee the bisexual potential everyone, renrg obsolete the tegori of homosexual and heterosexual. From 1970 activists protted the classifitn of homosexualy as a mental illns by the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn their DSM, and 1974, was replaced wh a tegory of "sexual orientatn disturbance" then "ego-dystonic homosexualy, " which was also leted, although "genr inty disorr" remas.

From the anarchistic Gay Liberatn Movement of the early 1970s arose a more reformist and sgle-issue "Gay Rights Movement, " which portrayed gays and lbians as a mory group and ed the language of civil rights— many rpects ntug the work of the homophile perd.

Many women of the Gay Liberatn movement felt trated at the domatn of the movement by men and formed separate anisatns; some who felt genr differenc between men and women uld not be rolved veloped "lbian separatism, " fluenced by wrgs such as Jill Johnston's 1973 book Lbian Natn.

The Gays and Lbians For Individual Liberty filed a Supreme Court brief support of the right of the Boy Suts of Ameri to refe to adm gays to s ranks (notg that if the BSA were forced by ernment to adm gay members, gay anizatns might also be forced to adm anti-gay members).

Outright Libertarians, favor an approach that do not require ernment ercn and seek to lim ernment actn to the implementatn of equal rights—rather than "special rights" such as legally-required preferential treatment on the basis of sexual orientatn employment, hog or tn that are often mand by other gay anizatns. The libertarian posn on gay rights unrsr the divi between liberal groups (who favor ENDA and hate crim laws as a primary vehicle for gay rights) and libertarians (who generally view gay rights as equal treatment areas such as marriage equaly and other posns that are broadly opposed by both Democrats and Republins).