Joseph Louis Gay-Lsac | Science History Instute

Contents:

• GAY-LSAC’S LAW
• JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• GAY-LSAC'S LAW DEFN
• GAY-LSAC'S LAW
• GAY-LSAC'S GAS LAW EXAMPL
• WHAT IS GAY-LSAC’S LAW? ITS EXPLANATN, APPLITNS, AND LIMATNS (WH PDF)
• GAY LSAC’S LAW
• GAY-LSAC’S LAW: INTRODUCTN, FORMULA AND DERIVATN
• LES PAPILLES, PARIS - 30 E GAY LSAC, QUARTIER LAT - MENU & PRIC - TRIPADVISOR
• LE GAY LSAC
• HôTEL GAY LSAC (PARIS)
• 19 E GAY-LSAC, 75005 PARIS
• GAY LSAC'S LAW
• GAY-LSAC'S LAW

GAY-LSAC’S LAW

Gay-Lsac’s law is a gas law which stat that the prsure exerted by a gas (of a given mass and kept at a nstant volume) vari directly wh the absolute temperature of the gas. Gay-Lsac’s law impli that the rat of the ial prsure and temperature is equal to the rat of the fal prsure and temperature for a gas of a fixed mass kept at a nstant volume. When a prsurized aerosol n (such as a odorant n or a spray-pat n) is heated, the rultg crease the prsure exerted by the gas on the ntaer (owg to Gay-Lsac’s law) n rult an explosn.

To learn more about Gay-Lsac’s law and other gas laws, such as Charl’ law, register wh BYJU’S and download the mobile applitn on your smartphone.

Joseph-Louis Gay-Lsac, (born December 6, 1778, Sat-Léonard--Noblat, France—died May 9, 1850, Paris), French chemist and physicist who pneered vtigatns to the behavur of gas, tablished new techniqu for analysis, and ma notable advanc applied chemistry.

JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC

Early his schoolg, Gay-Lsac acquired an tert science, and his mathematil abily enabled him to pass the entrance examatn for the newly found Éle Polytechnique, where stunts’ expens were paid by the state. At Arcueil, Berthollet was joed by the ement mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who engaged Gay-Lsac experiments on pillary orr to study short-range forc. Gay-Lsac’s approach to the study of matter was nsistently volumetric rather than gravimetric, ntrast to that of his English ntemporary John Dalton.

Another example of Gay-Lsac’s fondns for volumetric rats appeared an 1810 vtigatn to the posn of vegetable substanc performed wh his iend Louis-Jacqu Thenard. In a followg solo flight, Gay-Lsac reached 7, 016 metr (more than 23, 000 feet), thereby settg a rerd for the hight balloon flight that remaed unbroken for a half-century.

In 1805–06, amid the Napoleonic wars, Gay-Lsac embarked upon a European tour wh another Arcueil lleague, the Pssian explorer Alexanr von Humboldt. Gay-Lsac’s rearch together wh the patronage of Berthollet and the Arcueil group helped him to ga membership the prtig First Class of the Natnal Instute (later the Amy of Scienc) at an early stage his reer (1806).

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC

Three years prevly Gay-Lsac had been appoted to the junr post of répétr at the Éle Polytechnique where, 1810, he received a profsorship chemistry that clud a substantial salary.

Rivalry between Gay-Lsac and Davy reached a climax over the de experiments Davy rried out durg an extraordary vis to Paris November 1813, at a time when France was at war wh Bra.

Gay-Lsac prented a much more plete study of de a long memoir prented to the Natnal Instute on Augt 1, 1814, and subsequently published the Annal chimie. In 1815 Gay-Lsac experimentally monstrated that pssic acid was simply hydrocyanic acid, a pound of rbon, hydrogen, and nrogen, and he also isolated the pound cyanogen [(CN)2 or C2N2]. Begng 1816, Gay-Lsac served as the jot edor of the Annal chimie et physique, a posn he shared wh his former Arcueil lleague François Arago.

GAY-LSAC'S LAW DEFN

Prevly a few c trials had been rried out to timate the strength of chlore solutns bleachg, but Gay-Lsac troduced a scientific rigour to chemil quantifitn and vised important modifitns to apparat. The prcipl of volumetric analysis uld be tablished only through Gay-Lsac’s theoretil and practil geni but, once tablished, the analysis self uld be rried out by a junr assistant wh brief trag. In 1848 (the year of revolutns) Gay-Lsac rigned om his var appotments Paris, and he retired to a untry hoe the neighbourhood of his youth that was stocked wh his library and a private laboratory.

” In a logy livered after his ath at the Amy of Scienc, his iend, the physicist Arago, summed up Gay-Lsac’s scientific work as that of “an gen physicist and an outstandg chemist. In 1804 Gay-Lsac ma several darg ascents of over 7, 000 meters above sea level hydrogen-filled balloons—a feat not equaled for another 50 years—that allowed him to vtigate other aspects of gas. In 1808 Gay-Lsac announced what was probably his sgle greatt achievement: om his own and others’ experiments he duced that gas at nstant temperature and prsure be simple numeril proportns by volume, and the rultg product or products—if gas—also bear a simple proportn by volume to the volum of the reactants.

Wh his fellow profsor at the Éle Polytechnique, Louis Jacqu Thénard, Gay-Lsac also participated early electrochemil rearch, vtigatg the elements disvered by s means. Gay-Lsac's law is an ial gas law which stat that at nstant volume, the prsure of an ial gas is directly proportnal to s absolute temperature ( Kelv).

GAY-LSAC'S LAW

Gay-Lsac is sometim creded as beg the first to state Dalton's law, which says that the total prsure of a gas is the sum of the partial prsur of dividual gas. The example problems e Gay-Lsac's law to fd the prsure of gas a heated ntaer as well as the temperature you would need to change the prsure of gas a ntaer.

GAY-LSAC'S GAS LAW EXAMPL

Gay-Lsac's law is a form of the ial gas law which gas volume is kept volume is held nstant, prsure of a gas is directly proportnal to s ual equatns for Gay-Lsac's law are P/T = nstant or Pi/Ti = Pf/ reason the law works is that temperature is a measure of average ketic energy, so as the ketic energy creas, more particle llisns occur and prsure creas. To solve the problem, jt work through the followg steps:The cylr's volume remas unchanged while the gas is heated so Gay-Lsac's gas law appli. Gay-Lsac's gas law n be exprsed as:Pi/Ti = Pf/TfwherePi and Ti are the ial prsure and absolute temperaturPf and Tf are the fal prsure and absolute temperatureFirst, nvert the temperatur to absolute = 27 C = 27 + 273 K = 300 KTf = 77 C = 77 + 273 K = 350 KUse the valu Gay-Lsac's equatn and solve for = PiTf/TiPf = (6 atm)(350K)/(300 K)Pf = 7 atmThe answer you rive would be:The prsure will crease to 7 atm after heatg the gas om 27 C to 77 C.

WHAT IS GAY-LSAC’S LAW? ITS EXPLANATN, APPLITNS, AND LIMATNS (WH PDF)

IntroductnStatement of Gay Lsac LawExplanatn of Gay Lsac LawLimatns of Gay Lsac LawApplitns of Gay Lsac Law Real LifePrsure okerAerosol nGun bulletAutomobile tirWater HeaterConclnIntroductnGay-Lsac’s Law is also known as the Law of Prsure or Amonton’s Law. Gay-Lsac’s law is siar to Charl’s law, the only difference beg that the term “volume” Charl’s law is replaced by the term “prsure” Gay-Lsac’s law. IntroductnStatement of Gay Lsac LawExplanatn of Gay Lsac LawLimatns of Gay Lsac LawApplitns of Gay Lsac Law Real LifePrsure okerAerosol nGun bulletAutomobile tirWater HeaterConclnStatement of Gay Lsac LawFor a nstant volume of a nfed ial gas, s prsure is directly proportnal to absolute temperature at nstant the law stat, the prsure and temperature of an ial gas are directly proportnal to each other for a given volume and mass of the gas.

This statement n be exprsed mathematilly as follows:On removg the proportnaly, we get, where, k is a nstant of above exprsn n be rearranged as:Here, the Temperature shall be Kelv, and Prsure shall be measured above Gay-Lsac Formula is valid when the volume is nstant at a given mass. The above equatn clearly shows that the relatnship between prsure and temperature is pennt of prsure or temperature at nstant parg the same substance unr two different ndns, Gay-Lsac’s law n be wrten as:When the prsure of a gas obeyg the Gay-Lsac law doubl, the temperature also doubl, as explaed diagram below is a typil experimental set-up required to verify the Gay-Lsac Law. Typil experimental set-up required to verify the Gay-Lsac LawLimatns of Gay Lsac LawThe limatns of Gay Lsac Law are as follows:Gay-Lsac Law is only applible to ial ’s law appli to real gas at high temperatur and/or low high prsur, the relatnship between prsure and temperature is off.

The scientific reason for the explosn is explaed by Gay-Lsac’s ’s law stat that the prsure of a gas creas wh temperature and vice versa.

GAY LSAC’S LAW

The creased energy means the molecul lli wh the walls of the ntaer wh more force, meang higher Gay Lsac’s Law is also sometim lled Amonton’s Law. Gay Lsac’s Law FormulaGay-Lsac’s law giv a formula where prsure and temperature are related to a nstant when volume and mass/mol are held nstant.

In Gay Lsac’s experiments, he had a rigid ntaer wh a set ’s Law Example ProblemsProblem: You are tryg to dispose of an aerosol ntaer that has a prsure of at.

GAY-LSAC’S LAW: INTRODUCTN, FORMULA AND DERIVATN

(Assume the volume of the tire do not change if go flat)Worked Solutn: We are lookg at a tire, so the number of mol and volume is nstant which means we n e Gay-Lucss’s and. In an attempt to measure the magic field of the earth at high elevatn, Gay-Lsac held the world rerd for the hight balloon flight for about fifty years.

Gay Lsac’s Law Practice Problem Solutns1: crease; 2: Other Gas LawsIal Gas LawBoyle’s LawCharle’s LawAvogadro’s LawDalton’s LawCombed Gas Law. Gay-Lsac’s Law is very siar to Charl’s Law; the only difference is that a Charl’s Law experiment, the ntaer is flexible, whereas, a Gay-Lsac’s Law experiment, the ntaer is rigid. Hence, Gay-Lsac’s Law impli that for a gas of a fixed mass kept at a nstant volume, the ial prsure and temperature rat is equal to the rat of the fal prsure and temperature.

LES PAPILLES, PARIS - 30 E GAY LSAC, QUARTIER LAT - MENU & PRIC - TRIPADVISOR

This is bee when a prsurized aerosol n (such as a odorant) is heated, the prsure exerted by the gas on the walls of the ntaer creas(owg to Gay-Lsac’s Law) and n rult an explosn.

This example illtrat why you shouldn’t cerate aerosol \({{\rm{T}}_{\rm{1}}}{\rm{ = 25^\circ C = 298\, K}}\)\({{\rm{T}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ = 845^\circ C = 1118\, K}}\)Next, plug the numbers to Gay-Lsac’s Law and solve for \({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{1}}}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{ =}}{{\rm{P}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{1}}}\)\(\left( {{\rm{3}}{\rm{. Th, \(\ac{{\rm{P}}}{{\rm{T}}}{\rm{ = K}}\left( {{\rm{nstant}}} \right)\)Or, \(\ac{{{{\rm{P}}_{\rm{1}}}}}{{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{1}}}}} = \ac{{{{\rm{P}}_{\rm{2}}}}}{{{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{2}}}}}\)\({{\rm{P}}_{\rm{1}}}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{2}}} = {{\rm{P}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{T}}_{\rm{1}}}\)The above equatns are the standard lculatns for Gay-Lsac’s Law.

LE GAY LSAC

It is dangero to dispose of an aerosol n by ceratn bee heatg a prsurized aerosol n (such as a odorant) creas the prsure exerted by the gas on the walls of the ntaer (owg to Gay-Lsac’s Law) and n rult an explosn. Député Limog (1831-39), profsr chimie générale Méum d’histoire naturelle (1832) et pair France (1839), il cse d’enseigner (1840), mais ntue s recherch et publitns; il t nommé (1840) admistratr la Compagnie s glac Sat-Goba et crée la "tour Gay-Lsac" dans l'e Chny.

L'égale dilatatn s gaz et s vaprs a été affirmée par Gay-Lsac, dès 1802, à l'âge 24 ans: c't le premier travail scientifique du « coyen Gay-Lsac, élève Ingénir s Ponts et Chssé » (Annal Chimie et Physique, t.

Mais jourd'hui no pouvons envisager c qutns d'un pot vue pl élevé; l'énoncé Gay-Lsac rte me une gran loi naturelle, malgré l perturbatns xquell elle t soumise; l physiciens, l mathématiciens la nsidèrent me le ractère s gaz parfas. Une tre loi non mos célèbre, qui porte enre jourd'hui le nom Gay-Lsac, t la loi sur l rapports s volum dans l baisons entre l gaz.

HôTEL GAY LSAC (PARIS)

On pt remarquer que, dans l'tervalle, Dalton ava publié le premier volume son Nouve Système philosophie chimique où il exposa la loi s proportns multipl en l'terprétant par l'hypothèse s atom; on t étonné voir que Dalton, dans son send volume, repose avec une sorte déda la loi Gay-Lsac.

19 E GAY-LSAC, 75005 PARIS

Gay-Lsac ava tout sue pris l'importance sa déuverte, r il d début son Mémoire, me pour rattacher cette loi à celle l'égale dilatatn s gaz: « L'attractn s molécul dans l solis et l liquis t la e qui modifie lrs propriétés particulièr et il para que ce n't que quand elle t entièrement déte, me dans l gaz, que l rps, se trouvant placés dans s cirnstanc semblabl, présentent s lois simpl et régulièr..... La valr cette déuverte paraîtra enre pl gran si l'on réfléch qu' moment où elle fut fae, on discuta enre la qutn savoir si l baisons chimiqu se font en proportns fix ou en tout sort proportns: Berthollet, le maître Gay-Lsac, soutena ntre Prot et Dalton cette doctre erronée, tout en la tempérant par divers rtrictns. Pour poursuivre l nséquenc la nouvelle loi, Gay-Lsac donna une métho, venue classique, pour détermer l nsés s vaprs: il lcula la nsé vapr théorique du rbone; il lcula ssi à l'avance celle l', p après la déuverte ce rps simple, et un p pl tard l'expérience vérifia le nombre asi obtenu.

La déuverte du cyanogène, fae par Gay-Lsac en 1815, t d'ordre purement chimique; beup savants l'ont regardée me son chef-d'œuvre, même tre que l'œuvre pale d'un grand artiste.

GAY LSAC'S LAW

On sa que c't en chffant le cyanure mercure que Gay-Lsac a obtenu pour la première fois le cyanogène, mais on oublie souvent que Prot ava déjà fa cette expérience sans résultat: son succès éta venu simplement ce que, mos soignx que Gay-Lsac, il ava pris le cyanure mercure humi. Laissons ici la parole à Gay-Lsac: « Sa Majté, qui sembla avoir prsenti cette puissance en fondant un grand prix quel pouvaient aspirer l savants tout l natns, voulut que la France possédât une pile pl forte que tout cell qui existaient à cette époque et qu'on recherchât si l éléments que l agents ordair n'avaient pu enre séparer céraient à cet agent f don cette pile à cette Éle même qui, outre un chef ément (le te Csac), pte tant d'homm d'un rare mére dans son Conseil perfectnnement, tant profsrs célèbr et tant d'élèv qui le sont déjà. La productn du bore fut le résultat prque immédiat cette déuverte: Gay-Lsac et Thenard l'obtrent en déposant l'aci borique par le potassium.

GAY-LSAC'S LAW

C't Gay-Lsac qui pl tard remplaça le chlorate potasse par l'oxy cuivre; ce procédé, où la btn se fa pl tranquillement, t celui qui, avec quelqu variant, t universellement employé jourd'hui. C't également la llaboratn Gay-Lsac et Thenard asi que lrs discsns avec Davy qu't sortie la solutn défive du problème si longtemps débattu sur la nature du chlore. Dans l'œuvre purement chimique Gay-Lsac, on ne pt pas oublier s travx sur l posés l', effectués à la sue la déuverte ce rps par Courtois; c recherch, fa en ncurrence avec cell Davy, ont établi défivement que l' t un rps simple; ell ont fa nnaître l'aci dhydrique et l'aci dique, si analogu à l'aci chlorhydrique et à l'aci chlorique.

Gay-Lsac étudie enre l tensns vapr x pl bass températur et déterme cell qui émanent s dissolutns sal: il montre que dans l gaz l tensns vapr sont l mêm que dans le vi. L divers expérienc Physique Gay-Lsac n'ont certaement pas attet la précisn s recherch fa pl tard par Regnlt sur l mêm sujets; mais il ft tenir pte l'époque où ont été exécutés l travx Gay-Lsac, la modicé s rsourc dont il disposa, pt-être ssi s habus chimiste allant dro but sans se plaire dans trop mc détails. Après la mort Gay-Lsac, lorsque Regnlt se trouva, à bon dro, occuper la première place parmi l physiciens, il y t me une défavr jetée sur l travx qui avaient précédé.

Gay-Lsac prépara un programme parfaement ordonné s qutns à étudier: il sut avec une rare énergie réaliser lui-même cette expédn en 1807 dans ux voyag succsifs: l'un avec Bt à 4000 m btr; l'tre, sl, jqu'à 7000™.