Samuel L. Leer, From Gay to Gei: The Onnagata and the Creatn of Kabi's Female Characters, Comparative Drama, Vol. 33, No. 4 (Wter 1999-2000), pp. 495-514
Contents:
YOSHIWARA GAY QUARTERS
SUNTORY MUSEUM of ART posss the biggt llectn of Japane arts and crafts Japan. Collectn Database [Yoshiwara gay quarters] * edo period japan gay *
Pre-Meiji Rtoratn Japan, pecially the Edo perd, is rife wh historil referenc to posively portrayed homosexual behavr. Three ancient practic have been intified as homosexual by scholars: shudō, wakashudō, and nanshoku.
Japan stands alone as a pellg se where wtern fluence played a role the velopg homophobia of a natn, but at the hands of the natn’s lears and scholars themselv. Throughout the 19th century, the Kgdom of Buganda was credibly permissive of homosexualy. Kabaka Mwanga II who led the latter half of the 19th century was wily regnized as gay by the cizens of Buganda, spe marryg over a dozen women.
茶屋 = GAY QUARTERS?
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Mwanga II was posed for the send and fal time 1897, and homosexualy was crimalized only five years later. Uganda, and by extensn Buganda, ntu to be an extremely homophobic natn. Homosexualy has rried legal penalti sce 1902, wh a 2014 act, signed by Print Yoweri Meveni, addg the ath penalty and cludg lbian sex for the first time.
Sadly, the laws fly the face of numero tribal cultural ndns of pre-lonizatn Uganda, cludg the “mudoko dako” effemate men of the Langi tribe who were allowed to marry as though they were women and the homosexual prits of the Bunyoro people. Had the Dutch been able to speak the language, they would have realized that Khoekoe clus at least two words that specifilly refer to homosexual activy. The Dutch also worked hard to eradite the Khoikhoi’s cultural practic, cludg their tradnal relign and their acceptance of homosexual behavr.
While South Ai is now one of only a handful of Ain untri that crimalized homosexualy, is no part thanks to the Dutch, as was crimalized after Apartheid end. The Portugue, rponsible for such atroci as the genoci of digeno Amerins, wrote home about the “unnatural damnatn” of homosexual male sex the Congo. Dpe hatg the Imbangala for their homosexualy, the Portugue me to prize them for their ferocy battle, which was tly legendary and fear-ducg.