Reported Effects of Mascule Ials on Gay Men - PMC

Contents:

• GAY MURR TRIAL ENDS WH GUILTY PLEA
• GAY MEN’S STRS RPONSE TO A GENERAL AND A SPECIFIC SOCIAL STRSOR
• STAG SUCCS: A QUALATIVE STUDY OF GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN’S EXPERIENC AND PERCEPTNS OF HIV SELF-TTG A RANDOMIZED NTROLLED TRIAL
• THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GAY MEN’S CUCKOLDG FANTASI
• WHY (AND WHEN) STRAIGHT WOMEN TST GAY MEN: ULTERR MATG MOTIV AND FEMALE COMPETN
• BILL RSELL: ONLY ONE QUTN SHOULD BE ASKED OF GAY ATHLET, 'CAN HE PLAY'?
• PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS
• UNRSTANDGS OF PARTICIPATN BEHAVURAL REARCH: A QUALATIVE STUDY OF GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN STLAND
• REPORTED EFFECTS OF MASCULE IALS ON GAY MEN

GAY MURR TRIAL ENDS WH GUILTY PLEA

AdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTApril 6, 1999See the article s origal ntext om April 6, 1999, Sectn A, Page 20Buy ReprtsTimMache is an exclive benef for home livery and digal a se that has foced natnal attentn on vlence agast homosexuals, a 21-year-old roofer plead guilty today to kidnappg and murrg a gay llege stunt and was sentenced to serve two nsecutive life sentenc. Now, the age of AIDS, gays mt ntend wh two reactns: visibily, but as spegoats viewed wh fear and loathg, or ntued, studied difference at every level, om fai that ny their children’s sexual orientatn, up through the hight levels of ernment ignorance rerc prejudice; but the lol bookstore offers ltle ed to the person who might seek a reasonably objective disquisn on sexual orientatn and society’s rpons as they are or ought to be. In the send, he ethil and moral philosophy to explore the moraly of homosexual behavr and of society’s rpons to jtifyg the value of scientific quiry to the of homosexual orientatn--or, more properly, to of variatns sexual orientatn--Re refully analyz a variety of psychologil, hormonal, and socblogil hypoth: three class of explanatn that, he believ, may be plementary rather than antagonistic.

GAY MEN’S STRS RPONSE TO A GENERAL AND A SPECIFIC SOCIAL STRSOR

It is his treatment of ethics that (as far as this blogist n tell) Re morn philosophy most powerfully, dismissg the ncept that homosexualy is unnatural, explorg the plex philosophil qutn of whether is an illns (he nclus that is generally not), and showg that both neo-Kantian and utilarian theori of the jt state mt affirm the moral worth of homosexual relatnships and support equal rights for homosexual and heterosexual people. Re fds no jtifitn for extreme promiscuy, eher homosexual or heterosexual, but accepts the utilarian posn that, provid that one person do not abridge the liberty of another, “liberty means precisely lettg others do what they want to do bee they want to do , not bee we approve.

Although on the whole, Re is sensive to gay issu, some gay rears will object to his e of “homosexual” stead of “gay, ” to a few sensive remarks that seem to reflect a lack of personal faiary wh gay life, and to his foc on the of homosexualy rather than of homophobia. Given that the rponse to a gay-specific social strsor was equally pronounced as the one to a general social strsor, programs aimg to crease mory strs but overlookg general strs are likely to yield only partial improvements gay men’s mental health. In the current study, we be the psychoblogil and psychosocial perspectiv on strs, takg to acunt both physlogil as well as perceived strs an experimental study, lbians, gay men, and bisexual (LGB) dividuals were exposed to an LGB-related versn of the Trier Social Strs Tt (TSST) (Kirschbm et al.

STAG SUCCS: A QUALATIVE STUDY OF GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN’S EXPERIENC AND PERCEPTNS OF HIV SELF-TTG A RANDOMIZED NTROLLED TRIAL

A study targetg HIV-seroposive gay and bisexual men, who due to HIV tend to have dimished levels of ttosterone, found that a gnive-behavral strs management terventn led not only to rced distrs but also to an crease ee ttosterone the blood, which was turn related to a crease anxiety and prsive symptoms (Cs et al. We expect that:(1) Compared to their rponse to an (acute) general strsor, gay men will show a blunted direct rponse to an (acute) gay-related strsor wh rpect to salivary rtisol, salivary ttosterone, and perceived strs; (2) gay men will show lower overall levels of salivary rtisol, salivary ttosterone, and perceived strs throughout the whole ssn when exposed to an (acute) gay-related strsor as pared to an (acute) general strsor.

The subjects received 32 Euros for participatg the full study or— the se of droppg out—8 Euros for every hour study’s cln creria were: (1) intifyg as a gay man, (2) age 18 years or olr, and (3) havg at least one experience of gay-related discrimatn. 1993), and that public-speakg/gnive tasks elic the largt effect size terms of strs ductn among all monly ed strs tts (Dickerson and Kemeny 2004) duce gay-related social strs, we ed a versn of the TSST by Hatzenbuehler and McLghl (2014), which duc LGB-related strs by askg the participants to talk eely for 5 m about an experience which they felt rejected bee of their sexual orientatn. Hypothis 1: pared to their rponse to an (acute) general strsor, gay men will show a blunted direct rponse to an (acute) gay-related strsor wh rpect to salivary rtisol, salivary ttosterone, and perceived strsThe one-way repeated measur MANOVA revealed a margally signifint effect for the overall parison between the ndns TSST vers GS-TSST, F(3, 29) = 2.

THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GAY MEN’S CUCKOLDG FANTASI

Hypothis 2: gay men will show lower overall levels of salivary rtisol, salivary ttosterone, and perceived strs throughout the whole ssn when exposed to an (acute) gay-related strsor as pared to an (acute) general strsorThe AUCG means and standard viatns of all measur both ndns are shown Table 3.

We did not fd differenc between the two ndns strs reactivy—measured as the difference between the basele strs level and the post-ductn strs level—or the overall level strs out throughout the whole scriptively parg the salivary rtisol valu wh those reported for gay men a prev study, we fd that the gay men our study showed slightly lower rtisol levels on average. This may be due to the current study’s samplg of gay men wh at least one experience of gay-related scriptively parg the ttosterone levels of our sample wh a sample of men of any sexual orientatn who were exposed to the TSST, we fd that they had a higher basele ttosterone level of 112. When we pare the valu wh those of our participants (Table 2), our sample of gay men showed lower levels at all the time pots both the TSST and GS-TSST ndns, wh the only exceptn beg higher valu the TSST ndn 20 m after the tt, which was due to one outlier.

WHY (AND WHEN) STRAIGHT WOMEN TST GAY MEN: ULTERR MATG MOTIV AND FEMALE COMPETN

A possible reason for the scriptive ditors of allostatic load and our null fdgs between the two strs-ducg ndns is that chronic gay-related strsors may proliferate and beget other forms of strsors that otherwise would not be enuntered (LeBlanc et al. Bis terventns wh gay men who are already sufferg om high strs levels and the adverse nsequenc thereof, preventive strategi n be ed, such as semars on how to pe wh or avoid different forms of velopment of terventns as well as preventn strategi regardg gay men’s mental health are highly relevant, sce studi found that even though the social suatn for LGB dividuals has improved substantially wh the last s, mory-strs exposure has not changed om olr to younger sexual-mory horts (Meyer et al.

BILL RSELL: ONLY ONE QUTN SHOULD BE ASKED OF GAY ATHLET, 'CAN HE PLAY'?

In addn, g the TSST and an analog gay-related versn ensured ternal and external validy, sce the TSST is among the most robt strs-ducg tts that exist (Dickerson and Kemeny 2004) and has been found to be valuable when ed wh groups experiencg discrimatn (Keenan et al. MethodsA qualative study of gay and bisexual men’s experienc and perceptns of HIVST was nducted, prisg data llected via -pth, semi-stctured terviews nducted Atralia durg March and April studyThe study prented here was part of a larger study of HIVST, known as Frequency of Rapid Ttg at Home (‘FORTH’). In total, 362 men participated FORTH, wh eligibily fed as beg HIV negative at the time of enrolment, beg cisgenr men, gay or bisexual, and at ‘high risk’ of HIV fectn (fed as reportg any ndomls anal terurse or more than five male sexual partners the 3 months before enrolment).

PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS

G., “if I wasn’t able to get to the clic on, on a day that they’re open, I know that I n still do the home tt and then I n still jt get to the clic whenever I next n”(Jarred, equent tter)) 2: empowerg self-management and fosterg rponsibilyThe send theme relevant to HIV ttg equency among gay and bisexual men was a sense of empowerment provid by HIVST.

” (Phillip, equent tter)DiscsnGay and bisexual men this study shared predomantly posive experienc and perceptns of HIVST, wh most believg that their accs to the ttg ks as part of a rearch study creased the equency wh which they tted, which is aligned wh the fdg of several clil trials Atralia and overseas [11, 12, 19, 20].

Countri like Atralia and the Uned Stat grapple wh the challeng of HIV fectns and diagnos regnal, remote, and ral areas [29, 30], and migrant populatns untri like Cha and Nepal face obstacl to accsg clic-based HIV ttg and re [31, 32]; HIVST uld play an important role offsettg issu of accs to HIV-related health servic [33] fdg that HIVST eliced for many gay and bisexual men feelgs of empowerment and rponsibily suggts one angle for enuragg s future uptake. IntroductnThe lerature tailg iendships between straight women and gay men has jt begun to take form; many text qualative studi have started to intify the signifince of the unique, tstg bond that straight women and gay men share wh one another ( la Cz & Dolby, 2007; Gaiba, 2008; Grigoru, 2004; Hopcke & Rafaty, 1999, Malone, 1980). Specifilly, women wh gay male iends—often known as “u fli” or “fag hags” the gay male muny (Maland, 1991; Moon, 1995; Thompson, 2004; Warren, 1976)—report havg more open and timate nversatns; more social and emotnal support that would take the form of pannship, sympathy, or advice; and a greater terpersonal nnectn wh a male prence (Grigoru, 2004).

UNRSTANDGS OF PARTICIPATN BEHAVURAL REARCH: A QUALATIVE STUDY OF GAY AND BISEXUAL MEN STLAND

For example, straight women feel more fortable tstg gay men when they discs signifint aspects of their romantic liv—topics that they are ually reluctant to openly discs wh their straight male or female iends (Grigoru, 2004; Hopcke & Rafaty, 1999) important reason for this heightened tst gay men may be the absence of ulterr matg motivatns that equently plite women’s relatnships wh straight men (e. If is the absence of ulterr matg motiv that leads straight women to place greater tst gay men, then (1) women’s heightened tst gay men should be specific to matg ntexts, and (2) women’s heightened perceptns of petn wh this doma should enhance their tst gay ’s Matg-Specific Tst Gay MenStraight women should exhib heightened tst gay men domas which the sir of other heterosexual dividuals nflict wh their own terts. This reasong suggts that unbiased matg-relevant rmatn may be a unique benef that women are particularly likely to ga om their relatnships wh gay men (Rsell et al., 2013), prev rearch fdgs dite that gay men are equipped to provi women wh advice that n be of service to their romantic relatnships wh straight men (Rumens, 2008).

The target’s sex and sexual orientatn were dited by the photograph and by the text on the profile page, same male photograph was ed for both the straight and gay male profil to enhance experimental ntrol, and we selected a photograph of a female target that appeared to be about the same age as the male target. In addn to replitg the fdg om prev rearch that straight women are particularly likely to tst the matg advice of gay men (Rsell et al., 2013), the rults lend further support to the hypothis that the absence of ulterr matg motivatns straight female–gay male dyads is the specific reason for straight women’s heightened tst gay 2: The Absence of Gay Men’s Deceptive Matg IntentnsAlthough Study 1 monstrated that straight women’s tst gay men was specific to matg-related ncerns, remas unclear whether gay men’s absence of ulterr matg motivatns (i.

REPORTED EFFECTS OF MASCULE IALS ON GAY MEN

We then nducted pennt-sampl t tts to tt whether women would perceive a gay male’s statements to be more scere than a straight male’s statements suatns relevant to sexual ceptn, and a gay male’s statements to be more scere than another straight female’s statements suatns relevant to petive ceptn. DiscsnBee gay men were rated as beg more scere than eher a straight male or a straight female scenars which women had the potential to fall victim to sexual and petive ceptn, rpectively, women’s heightened tst is likely rooted gay men’s perceived benevolence the matg doma.

Although future rearch is need to further explore this possibily, the current fdgs suggt that gay men are ed perceived to offer advice that is scere, rather than cynilly manipulative, suatns which women are likely to be ncerned about the possibily of eher sexual ceptn or petive 3: The Effect of Matg Competn on Tst Gay MenThe rults of Study 1 and Study 2 were nsistent wh our hypothis that the lack of ulterr matg motiv ntribut to straight women’s heightened tst gay men.

The ntrol ndn ed a send article that had the same appearance and formattg, as well as a parallel word unt, but which discsed sex-specific sleep patterns (see “Appendix 2” sectn for the full text of both articl) StimuliTwo social media profil were created Adobe Photoshop to pict two targets, a straight woman and a gay man, this wh-subject sign. We signed and nducted a fourth study to provi sight to this 4: Perceptns of Matg Competn and Openns to Gay Male FriendsBuildg on the fdgs om Study 3, the aim of Study 4 was to exame whether women’s perceptns of matg petn ntributed to their willgns to beiend gay men.