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Their shirts were hand-dyed var shas of purple, then silk-screened wh the words “Lavenr Menace.” Standg amongst some 400 other women seated, they held up signs bearg phras like “Take a lbian to lunch!” and “Superdyke lov you!” and “Women’s liberatn is a lbian plot.”</p><p>“Y, y, sisters! I’m tired of beg the closet bee of the women’s movement,” shouted activist <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Karla Jay</a>, as she reunts her 2000 memoir, <em>Tal of the Lavenr Menace: A Memoir of Liberatn.</em> 40 more women clad Lavenr Menace shirts appeared soon after.</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p>Famed wrer and activist Ra Mae Brown followed. “Who wants to jo ?”</p><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad---ntent"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot---ntent" data-no-id="js9fa"></div></div><p>Eventually, the Lavenr Menace would help talyze lbians as an important part of women’s liberatn. Equaly for women did not have a ceilg, and they ma sure their liv and terts were jt as much a part of the burgeong women’s movement as those of heterosexuals.</p><asi aria-hidn="te" class="PullQuoteEmbedWrapper-sc-EoVjf fQbAzo"><div class="PullQuoteDerativeBorr-sc-iUyOLj fAzNVP"></div><div class="PullQuoteEmbedContent-sc-kTcfhx eoUd"><p>“It was time to tell the women’s movement we would not be ignored any longer,” Karla Jay wrote.</p></div></asi><p>The fom was the Send Congrs to Une Women, which was supposed to be a weekend of femist talks and workshops held by the Natnal Organizatn for Women (NOW). The First Congrs to Une Women had been held the year before, and purposely exclud lbian anizatns like the <a href=">Dghters of Bilis</a> om the list of sponsors. In 1970, femist thor, activist, and NOW -founr Betty Friedan referred to lbians the anizatn as a “lavenr menace” <em>The New York Tim Magaze</em>, believg their open prence the anizatn would hr the rpectabily of the march toward women’s rights and make femist activists look like unsound manhaters. That year, Ra Mae Brown, long known for beg vol and out, was fired om her posn as the edor of NOW’s newsletter. Many lbian NOW members qu solidary.</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p>It didn’t help that wrer San Brownler, attemptg to make a joke and dissociate om Friedan’s views, referred to lbians as perhaps more of a “lavenr herrg” stead of a menace. But some activists did not see the humor , and stead saw as a ment on lbians’ signifince the march toward women’s rights.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-1 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p>The “herrg” remark, Jay wrote, spired lbian femist activists toward actn. Some had been active the Gay Liberatn Front (GLF), but workg wh gay men had found themselv adrift, Lavenr Menace member Ellen Shumsky <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">wrote</a> for <em>Come Out!</em> magaze 1970 and 1972. So much of the group’s actns, they felt, had foced on the terts and rights of gay men. GLF women had begun to meet separately, and were also joed by members of the Women’s Liberatn Movement at some meetgs, which fought agast patriarchal, social, and sexual norms they felt stifled women’s equaly. Together, they would ci to both craft a lbian femist manifto lled <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">“The Woman-Intified Woman”</a> and take on the Send Congrs to Une Women. The Congrs, which featured an abundance of straight, whe, middle and upper middle class women, had exclud any out lbians as speakers that weekend. Lbian inty was not rporated to s programmg; women of lor and differg class would also take issue wh the Congrs’ homogeneo foc. “It was time to tell the women’s movement we would not be ignored any longer,” Jay wrote.</p><asi aria-hidn="te" class="PullQuoteEmbedWrapper-sc-EoVjf fQbAzo"><div class="PullQuoteDerativeBorr-sc-iUyOLj fAzNVP"></div><div class="PullQuoteEmbedContent-sc-kTcfhx eoUd"><p>“[NOW] was so ed to alg wh women’s the shelter of their stat as ted, secure, whe privileged women. Sudnly, they had to nsir why other women hadn’t wanted to stay wh them, hadn’t want to play their game.”</p></div></asi><p>Lavenr Menace members passed out pi of “The Woman-Intified Woman” the dorium. The manifto enuraged rears to rethk their views of lbians and to work agast separatg the women’s liberatn movement by sexual orientatn. Jay wrote later that while the manifto was radil some ways, was nservative others. It put lbians, who the Menace felt reprented the “primacy of women relatg to women, of creatg a new nscns of and wh each other,” at the ont of women’s liberatn and lled for the abolishment of genr rol, but also fed lbians outsi a sexual ntext. Importantly, lled for lbians to be rporated to the women’s liberatn narrative, cludg that which ma up the ntent and assemblage of the Send Congrs to Une Women.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB kNleGZ sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="lbzjk"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="p3so7"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bectqB body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p>The approximately 40 Lavenr Menace members took the stage while NOW anizers tried to rtore orr to no avail. Women the dience shouted cheers of support and a sire to jo. The Menace -opted what was supposed to be a panel and stead “iated a fom on why lbianism was the most threateng and most avoid issue the Women’s Movement,” Shumsky wrote. “Instead of purgg lbians om the Women’s Movement, we will proudly own and assert the woman-intified woman all of .”</p><p>Women walked up to the microphone and began a dialogue wh Menace members, Jay reunts. A nscns-raisg ssn ensued, which some atten discsed their own relatnships wh lbianism. Lbian-related rolutns for the Congrs were passed. Women of lor and class workshop participants also ma their voic heard. They cried the event’s racism and classism and discsed how they would like to be better reprented wh the Congrs and the movement. The Congrs’s next two days featured workshops and bat pertag to lbian issu. Jay quot an anonymo wrer om leftist newspaper <em>Rat</em>, who said “[NOW] was so ed to alg wh women’s the shelter of their stat as ted, secure, whe privileged women. Sudnly, they had to nsir why other women hadn’t wanted to stay wh them, hadn’t want to play their game.”</p><p>The Lavenr Menace would bee the first group after Stonewall to foc primarily on lbian issu and would ultimately change their name to “Radilbians.” But they were not whout their issu — they did not support bisexualy and viewed as workg agast the e, for example, and were opposed to heterosexuals and gay men. Ultimately, the group’s ant separatism, closed-mdns about other sexuali, and sire for a full nsens on all voted matters, a rare occurrence, ed many to leave. They fully disband by the end of 1971.</p><p>Jay wrote that she remembers nng to Betty Friedan years later at an event, the latter potg a fger at her, sayg how much trouble Jay and her Menace horts had ed her. But Jay jt lghed.</p><p>“No, Betty,” Jay said. “You ed yourself trouble. Get over .”</p><p><em><strong>Get the bt of what's queer.</strong> <a href="></a></em><a href=">Sign up for our weekly newsletter here.</a></p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="iys7e"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"><asi class="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper-iBnuqk lfXXa-D" data-ttid="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper"><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--paywall-le-barrier" role="prentatn" aria-live="pole" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--paywall-le-barrier"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></asi></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ContentWrapperGrid-fvkmBv brYtrA grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__ntaer"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class="ContentFooterWrapper-jVNdRG dTJkpP ArticlePageContentFooterGrid-ccsXYy eMZRHU article-body__footer"><div 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siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="7 Queer Activists Past and Prent Whose Nam You Should Know" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl XMZX summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX gPBNpL bric SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN lapGFj summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Culture</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM dVrbhU summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk--unrle-disable" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/story/7-queer-activists-to-know" target="_self"><div data-ttid="ClampWrapper" class="ClampWrapper-kZxfkB hTTNGO clamp SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ kBFaWv summary-em__hed"><div class="ClampContent-hilPkr jVhSBH"><div class="SummaryItemHedTag-TWblf gxaOcP" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">7 Queer Activists Past and Prent Whose Nam You Should Know</div></div></div></a><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY dHMSJg summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ecFEgL byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd bCbgyH gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Naveen Kumar</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff gjCHLu summary-em summary-em--has-le summary-em--article summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 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srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera Are Gettg Monuments NYC. Will They Do Their Legaci Jtice?" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl XMZX summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX gPBNpL bric SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN lapGFj summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Culture</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM dVrbhU summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk--unrle-disable" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/story/marsha-p-johnson-sylvia-rivera-monuments-nyc" target="_self"><div data-ttid="ClampWrapper" class="ClampWrapper-kZxfkB hTTNGO clamp SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ kBFaWv summary-em__hed"><div class="ClampContent-hilPkr jVhSBH"><div class="SummaryItemHedTag-TWblf gxaOcP" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Marsha P. Johnson and Sylvia Rivera Are Gettg Monuments NYC. Will They Do Their Legaci Jtice?</div></div></div></a><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY dHMSJg summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ecFEgL byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd bCbgyH gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Trish Bendix</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hCwuiO ad ad--read-more"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--read-more" data-no-id="pl9fdw"></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff gjCHLu summary-em summary-em--has-le summary-em--article summary-em--no-in 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gay liberation front manifesto summary

Stonewall rts, seri of vlent nontatns that began the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outsi the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar the Greenwich Village sectn of New York Cy. As the rts progrsed, an ternatnal gay rights movement was born.

Contents:

LONDON GAY LIBERATN FRONT MANIFTO 1971

Gay rights movement, civil rights movement that advot equal rights for LGBTQ persons—that is, for lbians, gays, bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons—and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life. * gay liberation front manifesto summary *

It n easily be seen that homosexuals don’t f to the stereotyp of mascule and feme and this is one of the ma reasons why we bee the object of spicn, sce everyone is tght that the and only the two rol are appropriate….

HOW THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT MANIFTO HELPED TO SHAPE ME

Gay Liberatn Front Manifto: Still Revolutnary 30 Years Later * gay liberation front manifesto summary *

But gay men don’t need to opprs women orr to fulfil their own psycho-sexual needs, and gay women don’t have to relate sexually to the male opprsor, so that at this moment time, the et and most equal relatnships are most likely to be between homosexuals. Although cril of the misogyny and homophobia of the "straight left", posned the LGBT stggle as part of the broar anti-palist, anti-imperialist movement, strivg for the emancipatn of all importantly, argued that LGBT people need to embrace and ally wh femism: "As we nnot rry out this revolutnary change alone … we will work to form a strategic alliance wh the women's liberatn movement … In orr to build this alliance, the brothers gay liberatn will have to be prepared to sacrifice that gree of male chvism and male privilege that they still all posss.

It criqu homophobia, sexism, marriage, the nuclear fay, monogamy, the cults of youth and bety, patriarchy, the gay ghetto and rigid male and female genr well as opposg the way thgs are, outl an alternative visn, cludg livg munally, genr-subversive radil drag and non-posssive multi-partner open relatnships. In echo of Franz Fanon and Mallm X, stated that the prendn for this social revolutn is transformg our own nscns and liv: "The startg pot of our liberatn mt be to rid ourselv of the opprsn which li the head of every one of … we mt root out the ia that homosexualy is bad, sick or immoral, and velop a gay pri.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

* gay liberation front manifesto summary *

Subvertg the supremacy of heterosexual masculy was the key to genue manifto argu that much LGBT opprsn rults om the way we queers viate om the socially prcribed, orthodox genr rol of mascule and feme: "By our very existence as gay people, we challenge the rol.

THE HISTORY OF GAY LIBERATN

The gay rights movement the Uned Stat began the 1920s and saw huge progrs the 2000s, wh laws prohibg homosexual activy stck down and a Supreme Court lg legalizg same-sex marriage. * gay liberation front manifesto summary *

This failure to meet tradnal genr expectatns is profoundly threateng to straight male supremacism: "The long-term goal of gay liberatn, which evably brgs to nflict wh the stutnalised sexism of this society, is to rid society of the genr-role system which is at the root of our opprsn. The poal of "radil drag" and "genr-benr" polics is a ll to opt out of male privilege – an attempt to subvert the opprsivens of heterosexual masculy bee we unrstood that staed both the subordatn of women and same-sex manifto posed that LGBT people were often the foreont of this important stggle: "Gay shows the way. E., for lbians, gays [homosexual mal], bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons); seeks to elimate sodomy laws; and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life.

) Gay rights prr to the 20th century Relig admonns agast sexual relatns between dividuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behavur, but most legal s Europe were silent on the subject of homosexualy and bisexualy. Dpe Paragraph 175 and the failure of the WhK to w s repeal, homosexual and bisexual men and women experienced a certa amount of eedom Germany, particularly durg the Weimar perd, between the end of World War I and the Nazi seizure of power. In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.

UNTEND NSEQUENC: THE LEGACY OF THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT

In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act. In the 1970s and ’80s, gay polil anizatns proliferated, particularly the Uned Stat and Europe, and spread to other parts of the globe, though their relative size, strength, and succs—and toleratn by thori—varied signifintly.

Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons. This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat.

HISTORY HAS OVERLOOKED THE GAY LIBERATN FRONT’S ROLE STONEWALL … UNTIL NOW

At the lol and natnal levels, the number of openly gay policians creased dramatilly durg the 1990s and 2000s, and 2009 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir beme prime mister of Iceland, which ma her the world’s first openly gay head of ernment. In Ai, Asia, and Lat Ameri, openly gay policians have had only limed succs wng office; notable electns to natnal legislatur clud Patria Jiménez Flor Mexi (1997), Mike Waters South Ai (1999), and Clodovil Hernans Brazil (2006). Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).

GAY LIBERATN FRONT MANIFTO: STILL REVOLUTNARY 30 YEARS LATER

Ary’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy (1993–2011), which had permted gay and lbian dividuals to serve the ary if they did not disclose their sexual orientatn or engage homosexual activy; the repeal effectively end the ban on homosexuals the ary. Meanwhile, the World Health Organizatn Geneva only removed homosexualy om s Internatnal Classifitn of Diseas (ICD) wh the publitn of ICD-10 1992, although ICD-10 still rried the nstct of "ego-dystonic sexual orientatn. Today, the standard of psychotherapy the US and Europe is gay affirmative psychotherapy, which enurag gay people to accept their sexual orientatn—although some licensed profsnals still nduct so-lled "nversn therapy.

Gay rights, send-wave femism, technologil velopments, and cultural transformatns nvced many that society was on the verge of a paradigm shift, where the old ways would be swept asi and fundamental change was genuely possible. If you scribe yourself as gay, if you joed an LGBTQ society at universy, if you lled the London Lbian and Gay Swchboard, if you have been to a Pri para, or if you ever read Gay News or the magaz that followed , then you have the GLF to thank for.

While the old learship wanted to portray the muny as women drs and men sus and ti, those at Stonewall and the founrs of Gay Liberatn Front drsed jeans and t-shirts and drag or what soon would be nsired “genrf*ck. The first Gay Youth anizatn, GYNY; the first trans anizatn, STAR (Street Transvte Actn Revolutnari); the first LGBT Communy Center on Wt 3rd Street; the first monstratns agast media and police; and a ntual public prence as we took back our streets.

THE GAY LIBERATN MOVEMENT

There were people at Stonewall who passed by, people who crang their necks om around the rner watchg, people who tossed a stone and ran sce the police chased people up and down the street, but the spir of ristance that gave birth to the new movement was all the Gay Liberatn ont.

They created a staable anizatn where there had been none before, the worlds first trans anizatn, Street Transvte Actn Revolutnari, which was a mtee of the Gay Liberatn Front, formed durg the GLF occupatn of NYU’s Weste Hall.

GAY RIGHTS

Infightg the anizatn ed a spl and created the Gay Activists Alliance, which beme popular wh historians sce went back to those rpectable lookg homosexuals that they preferred reprent our muny and which were overwhelmgly whe men. Although members of the gay muny were divid their opns about the rt, hundreds of people returned to the scene for the next several nights, some to ntue vlent opposn to the police and others to exprs their sexualy public for the first time. After Stonewall, however, a more radil polil nscns veloped that rulted om the formatn of many new groups, cludg the Gay Liberatn Front and Radilbians, whose members rejected the strategi and lled for a more ant rponse to homophobia.

The papers clud sectns voted to muny updat, cultural events, and personal ads, but they also highlighted new polil ncerns, namely efforts to raise awarens about the problems of gay people prisons and ncerns about gay health. Public health thori, journalists, doctors, and even many the gay muny blamed gay liberatn and the looseng of sexual rtrictns for the epimic, but no one the medil or scientific muny actually unrstood the behavr of the vis. Stonewall rts, also lled Stonewall uprisg, seri of vlent nontatns that began the early hours of June 28, 1969, between police and gay rights activists outsi the Stonewall Inn, a gay bar the Greenwich Village sectn of New York Cy.

Olr groups such as the Mattache Society, which was found southern California as a discsn group for gay men and had flourished the 1950s, soon ma way for more radil groups such as the Gay Liberatn Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA). In addn to lnchg numero public monstratns to prott the lack of civil rights for gay dividuals, the anizatns often rorted to such tactics as public nontatns wh polil officials and the disptn of public meetgs to challenge and to change the mor of the tim. Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter.

BORIS, DAVE, GAY LIBERATN AND THE ABOLN OF THE FAY

Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels. Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze.

Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY LIBERATION FRONT MANIFESTO SUMMARY

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