Search-In</tle><sc>Created wh Sketch.</sc><g id="Events-Dktop-Redl" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-1106.000000, -311.000000)" fill="#8A8A8A" fill-le="nonzero" id="Search-In"><path d="M1116.72041,320.433962 L1116.04288,320.433962 L1115.80274,320.202401 C1116.64322,319.2247 1117.14923,317.955403 1117.14923,316.574614 C1117.14923,313.495712 1114.65352,311 1111.57461,311 C1108.49571,311 1106,313.495712 1106,316.574614 C1106,319.653516 1108.49571,322.149228 1111.57461,322.149228 C1112.9554,322.149228 1114.2247,321.643225 1115.2024,320.802744 L1115.43396,321.042882 L1115.43396,321.720412 L1119.72213,326 L1121,324.722127 L1116.72041,320.433962 Z M1111.57461,320.433962 C1109.43911,320.433962 1107.71527,318.71012 1107.71527,316.574614 C1107.71527,314.439108 1109.43911,312.715266 1111.57461,312.715266 C1113.71012,312.715266 1115.43396,314.439108 1115.43396,316.574614 C1115.43396,318.71012 1113.71012,320.433962 1111.57461,320.433962 Z"></path></g></g></svg></button></form></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Men"><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">News</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/polics"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Polics</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/science"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Science</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/tnnews"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Edutn</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/hog"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Hog</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/immigratn"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Immigratn</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/crimaljtice"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Crimal Jtice</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/silinvalley"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Silin Valley</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/fom"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Fom</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/liforniareport"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">The California Report</span></a></div></ul><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/arts"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Arts & Culture</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/thedolist"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Crics’ Picks</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/artsmentary"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Cultural Commentary</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/food"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Food & Drk</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/bayareahiphop"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Bay Area Hip-Hop</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/rebelgirls"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Rebel Girls</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/artsvios"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Arts Vio</span></a></div></ul><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Podsts</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/baycur"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Bay Cur</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/rightnowish"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Rightnowish</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/thebay"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">The Bay</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/onourwatch"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">On Our Watch</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/mdshift"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Mdshift</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/nsirthis"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Consir This</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/podsts/polilbreakdown"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name">Polil Breakdown</span></a></div></ul><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenuSectn__menu" style="transn:opacy 0.3s ease 0s, transform 0s ease 0.5s"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__menu"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/rad"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Live Rad</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/tv"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">TV</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/events"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Events</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/tn"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">For Edutors</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/support"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Support KQED</span></a><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" href="/about"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">About</span></a><a href=" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk" to=" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name ponents-NextHear-ponents-Menu-___Menu__lk_Name__tle">Help Center</span></a></div></ul></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Socials"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Ins"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_InsText">KQED is a proud member of</span><svg width="29px" height="10px" viewBox="0 0 29 10" versn="1.1" xmlns=" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-MegaMenu-___MegaMenu__megaMenu_Ins_NPR"><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-1161.000000, -810.000000)" fill="#231F20"><g transform="translate(1161.000000, 810.000000)"><path d="M0,9.95549326 L28.9906686,9.95549326 L28.9906686,0 L0,0 L0,9.95549326 Z M19.4831387,9.52669557 L28.5617592,9.52669557 L28.5617592,0.428853565 L19.4831387,0.428853565 L19.4831387,9.52669557 Z M9.95621965,9.52669557 L19.0348401,9.52669557 L19.0348401,0.428853565 L9.95621965,0.428853565 L9.95621965,9.52669557 Z M0.428909441,9.52669557 L9.52742197,9.52669557 L9.52742197,0.428853565 L0.428909441,0.428853565 L0.428909441,9.52669557 Z"></path><g id="Group-8" transform="translate(2.905588, 2.468017)"><path d="M1.17665684,1.49396936 C1.28343719,1.35545106 1.43206917,1.23811002 1.62193815,1.14485183 C1.81180713,1.05086724 1.99055665,1.0037632 2.15779557,1.0037632 C2.51987649,1.0037632 2.78076474,1.09953584 2.94018092,1.28985183 C3.09993237,1.48100597 3.17983603,1.78357823 3.17983603,2.19863025 L3.17983603,5.00950694 L4.31899403,5.00950694 L4.31899403,2.01870732 C4.31899403,1.39735857 4.15052582,0.91201368 3.81487457,0.565298844 C3.47927919,0.216963584 3.02047572,0.0434105973 2.44086686,0.0434105973 C1.83600173,0.0434105973 1.37876281,0.222663006 1.06881484,0.581391329 L0.858942004,0.125940462 L0.0381693642,0.125940462 L0.0381693642,5.00950694 L1.17665684,5.00950694 L1.17665684,1.49396936 Z"></path><path d="M10.5991312,1.33561484 C10.8107921,1.12412158 11.053241,1.0171736 11.3262545,1.0171736 C11.8499867,1.0171736 12.2259809,1.13496166 12.4533432,1.37003487 C12.6800349,1.60482871 12.7936881,2.00993468 12.7936881,2.58641445 C12.7936881,3.12540096 12.6791408,3.52044913 12.4509405,3.7704973 C12.2218461,4.02004258 11.8454607,4.14548574 11.3217285,4.14548574 C11.0459212,4.14548574 10.8047574,4.06211773 10.5991312,3.89526994 L10.5991312,1.33561484 Z M10.5991312,4.89116012 C10.8940484,5.03364566 11.22048,5.10578247 11.5794877,5.10578247 C12.3243239,5.10578247 12.9114202,4.89009846 13.3422854,4.45850694 C13.7723682,4.02780944 13.9869347,3.41165723 13.9869347,2.61368227 C13.9869347,0.90055896 13.209243,0.0434105973 11.6525744,0.0434105973 C11.2357902,0.0434105973 10.8846052,0.180587861 10.5991312,0.453657225 L10.5991312,0.125940462 L9.45980559,0.125940462 L9.45980559,6.34361869 L10.5991312,6.34361869 L10.5991312,4.89116012 Z"></path><path d="M20.7841603,2.23924701 C20.7841603,1.89404085 20.8855765,1.60214104 21.0898617,1.36276532 C21.2940909,1.1233896 21.5277114,1.00375761 21.79022,1.00375761 C22.0324455,1.00375761 22.2543877,1.06779229 22.4572759,1.19591753 L22.9379272,0.221148748 C22.7323568,0.10274605 22.4357634,0.0434050096 22.0493202,0.0434050096 C21.5229618,0.0434050096 21.1015399,0.226233526 20.7841603,0.592505202 L20.7841603,0.125934875 L19.6450582,0.125934875 L19.6450582,5.00950135 L20.7841603,5.00950135 L20.7841603,2.23924701 Z"></path></g></g></g></g></svg><svg versn="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="223 234 346 144" width="59px"><g><path fill="#2638C4" d="M367,306c0,39.8-32.2,72-72,72c-39.8,0-72-32.2-72-72c0-39.8,32.2-72,72-72C334.8,234,367,266.2,367,306"></path><g><path fill="#2638C4" d="M547.4,298c-7.9-4.1-14.2-7.4-14.2-13.7c0-4.5,3.8-7.2,10.3-7.2c7.6,0,14.4,2.5,19.6,5.6v-16.3 c-5.4-2.3-12.9-4.3-19.6-4.3c-19,0-27.5,11.3-27.5,23.6c0,14.4,9.7,21.3,20.3,26.9c10.5,5.6,14.5,8,14.5,14c0,5.1-4.4,8-11.8,8 c-10.3,0-17.5-4.7-22.3-8.5l0,17.3c4.4,3.1,13.9,6.8,22.1,6.8c18.4,0,30.1-9.6,30.1-25.1C569,308.9,555.3,302.1,547.4,298z"></path><path fill="#2638C4" d="M406.8,262.8H384v86.4h17v-27.5h3.4c21.3,0,34.5-11.3,34.5-29.5C439,273.8,427,262.8,406.8,262.8z M401,277.2 h5c10,0,16.4,5.8,16.4,14.7c0,9.7-5.9,15.2-16.3,15.2H401V277.2z"></path><path fill="#2638C4" d="M493.3,302.7c5.8-4,8.6-9.9,8.6-17.8c0-13.6-10-22.1-26.2-22.1h-26.4v86.4h27.5c21.1,0,30.7-13.6,30.7-26.2 C507.6,313.1,502.1,305.4,493.3,302.7z M474.4,277.4c6.7,0,11,4.1,11,10.6c0,6.5-4.7,10.7-11.9,10.7h-7.2v-21.2H474.4z M466.3,334.8v-22.6h10.8c8.6,0,13.7,4.2,13.7,11.2c0,7.5-5.1,11.3-15.3,11.3H466.3z"></path></g><g><g><path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M347.5,306.7l-8,1.6v14.8c0,5-4.1,8.9-9.4,8.9H326v17.2h-13.2V332h4.1c5.3,0,9.4-4,9.4-8.9v-14.8l8-1.6 c1.7-0.4,2.6-2.3,1.8-3.8l-21-40.1h13.1l21,40.1C350.1,304.4,349.2,306.4,347.5,306.7z"></path></g><path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M320.5,302.9l-21-40.1h-21.7c-19.7,0-36.5,16.1-36,35.9c0.3,14.7,9.8,25.7,23,29.9v20.6h32.4V332h4.1 c5.3,0,9.4-4,9.4-8.9v-14.8l8-1.6C320.5,306.4,321.4,304.4,320.5,302.9z M293.3,300.6c-4.5,0-8.2-3.7-8.2-8.2s3.7-8.2,8.2-8.2 c4.5,0,8.2,3.7,8.2,8.2S297.8,300.6,293.3,300.6z"></path></g></g></svg></div><div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log__megaMenu"><span class=""><svg class="in in-log ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_In ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_In__megaMenu" width="20px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" versn="1.1" xmlns="><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-931.000000, -271.000000)" fill="#404040" fill-le="nonzero"><g transform="translate(931.000000, 271.000000)"><path d="M10,0 C4.48,0 0,4.48 0,10 C0,15.52 4.48,20 10,20 C15.52,20 20,15.52 20,10 C20,4.48 15.52,0 10,0 Z M10,3 C11.66,3 13,4.34 13,6 C13,7.66 11.66,9 10,9 C8.34,9 7,7.66 7,6 C7,4.34 8.34,3 10,3 Z M10,17.2 C7.5,17.2 5.29,15.92 4,13.98 C4.03,11.99 8,10.9 10,10.9 C11.99,10.9 15.97,11.99 16,13.98 C14.71,15.92 12.5,17.2 10,17.2 Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></span><span tabx="0" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_Lk ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_Lk__megaMenu">Sign In</span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Items"><a class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Logo" href="/"><svg class="logo logo-kqed" viewBox="0 0 99 31" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>KQED</tle><g fill="none"><path fill="#FFF" d="M6.988 13.215l-3.615 3.688v9.036H0V0h3.373v12.662L15.423 0h4.155l-10.3 10.757L20 26h-4.096M56.41 14.226v8.647H71V26H53V0h17.522v3.19H56.35v7.848h12.258v3.188"></path><path class="highlight" d="M47.866 13.69C47.866 6.27 41.68.223 34.232.223 26.72.223 20.534 6.27 20.534 13.69c0 7.42 6.123 13.53 13.698 13.53 2.398 0 4.607-.623 6.564-1.683l4.23 5.175 2.65-2.12-4.103-5.05c2.65-2.432 4.293-5.986 4.293-9.852zm-23.86.063c0-5.55 4.608-10.1 10.226-10.1 5.617 0 10.225 4.55 10.288 10.1 0 5.55-4.608 10.1-10.225 10.1-5.618 0-10.29-4.614-10.29-10.1z" fill="#fff"></path><path d="M99 13.03C99 6.856 94.732 0 85.144 0H75v26h10.144C93.742 26.06 99 19.762 99 13.03zM78.588 3.274h5.876c7.423 0 10.763 4.508 10.763 9.82 0 3.273-1.98 9.82-10.578 9.82h-6.062V3.272z" fill="#FFF"></path></g></svg></a><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Tagle">Inform. Inspire. Involve.</div><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Post"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-SaveArticle-___SaveArticle__SaveArticle"><a href="#" tabx="0"><svg class="in ponents-NextHear-ponents-SaveArticle-___SaveArticle__SaveArticle_In" width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Save Article</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g><polygon pots="0 0 24 0 24 24 0 24"></polygon><path d="M19,3 L5,3 L5,21 L12,18 L19,21 L19,3 Z M17,18 L12,15.82 L7,18 L7,5 L17,5 L17,18 Z" fill="#fff" fill-le="nonzero"></path></g></g></svg></a><span>Save Article</span></div></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__hear_Log"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log"><span class=""><svg class="in in-log ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_In" width="20px" height="20px" viewBox="0 0 20 20" versn="1.1" xmlns="><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-931.000000, -271.000000)" fill="whe" fill-le="nonzero"><g transform="translate(931.000000, 271.000000)"><path d="M10,0 C4.48,0 0,4.48 0,10 C0,15.52 4.48,20 10,20 C15.52,20 20,15.52 20,10 C20,4.48 15.52,0 10,0 Z M10,3 C11.66,3 13,4.34 13,6 C13,7.66 11.66,9 10,9 C8.34,9 7,7.66 7,6 C7,4.34 8.34,3 10,3 Z M10,17.2 C7.5,17.2 5.29,15.92 4,13.98 C4.03,11.99 8,10.9 10,10.9 C11.99,10.9 15.97,11.99 16,13.98 C14.71,15.92 12.5,17.2 10,17.2 Z"></path></g></g></g></svg></span><span tabx="0" class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-Log-___Log__log_Lk">Sign In</span></div></div></div></div></div><div id="navBar" class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__subnav"><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__gradient"></div><nav class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__subnav_Inner"><div class="ponents-NextHear-___NextHear__subnav_PageMenu"><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__wrap"><ul class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav unfed"><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="0"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/arts"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Arts & Culture</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="1"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/thedolist"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Crics’ Picks</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="2"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/artsmentary"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Cultural Commentary</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="3"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/food"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Food & Drk</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="4"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/bayareahiphop"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Bay Area Hip-Hop</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="5"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/rebelgirls"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Rebel Girls</span></a></li><li class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Item" data-x="6"><a class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_Lk" data-transn-unrle="te" data-transn-dropdown="false" href="/artsvios"><span class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_LkText">Arts Vio</span></a></li><div></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_ItemUnrle" style="left:0;width:0;transn-property:all"></div><div class="ponents-NextHear-ponents-PageMenu-___PageMenu__subnav_DropdownBg" style="width:240px;height:0;marg-top:10px;transn-property:all"></div></ul></div></div></nav></div></hear><d id="kqed-d-player" preload="none" src="></d><ma class="page-ma" id="ma-ntent"><div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-___PostView__postView"><div><div id="scrollarts_13880161"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__wrap rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__wrap__first"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__ntaer ntaer"><article class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Column rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__lumn__Standard"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Tle"><div><div class="ponents-Label-___Label__postLabel"><a class="ponents-Label-___Label__tegoryLabel" href="/arts"><span class="ponents-Label-___Label__tegoryLabel_Text">Arts & Culture</span></a></div><h1 class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostTle-___PostTle__tle">Meet Gay Bob, the 1977 Doll That Urged People to Come Out of the Closet</h1></div></div><div></div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Info"><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Authors"><span class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostAuthors-___PostAuthors__thors"><span class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostAuthors-___PostAuthors__thor"><a href="/thor/ralexandra"><span>Rae Alexandra</span></a><a class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostAuthors-___PostAuthors__twter" tle="Rae Alexandra on Twter" href="><svg class="in in-twter unfed" xmlns=" viewBox="0 0 23 18" height="18px" width="23px"><path class="lor" fill="#dadada" d="M22.357 2.718c-.827.338-1.654.592-2.574.676a4.6 4.6 0 002.023-2.281c-.92.507-1.839.845-2.85 1.014-.827-.845-2.022-1.352-3.31-1.352-2.481 0-4.504 1.859-4.504 4.14 0 .338 0 .676.092.93-3.86-.17-7.17-1.86-9.376-4.394a3.586 3.586 0 00-.644 2.112c0 1.436.828 2.704 2.023 3.464-.736 0-1.471-.169-2.023-.507v.085c0 2.027 1.563 3.717 3.585 4.055-.367.085-.735.17-1.195.17-.275 0-.551 0-.827-.085.552 1.69 2.206 2.872 4.229 2.872a9.724 9.724 0 01-5.608 1.774c-.368 0-.735 0-1.103-.084a13.705 13.705 0 006.895 1.859c8.365 0 12.87-6.337 12.87-11.829V4.83c.919-.591 1.654-1.351 2.297-2.112z"></path></svg></a></span></span></div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Date"><time class="ponents-DateFormatted-___DateFormatted__dateTime" dateTime="2020-06-12T19:52:45.000Z">Jun 12, 2020</time></div><sectn class="ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticleWrap rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_SavePost"><div class="ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticle ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticle__unsaved"><a href="#" tabx="0"><svg class="in ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__saveArticle_In" width="24px" height="24px" viewBox="0 0 24 24" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Save Article</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><polygon pots="0 0 24 0 24 24 0 24"></polygon><path class="lor" d="M19,3 L5,3 L5,21 L12,18 L19,21 L19,3 Z M17,18 L12,15.8 L7,18 L7,5 L17,5 L17,18 Z" fill="#636363" fill-le="nonzero"></path><polygon class="lor" fill="#fff" pots="17 18 12 15.8 7 18 7 5 17 5"></polygon></g></svg></a>Save Article</div><div class="ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__savedArticle ponents-SavePost-___SavePost__savedArticle__unsaved"><h2>Failed to save article</h2><p>Please try aga</p></div></sectn><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Spacer"></div><div class="rout-Se-rout-Post-ponents-Post-ponents-PostMise-___PostMise__mpost_Social"><ul class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social__morn"><li class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social_em"><a class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button__morn"><span class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_Label">Facebook</span><svg class="in in-facebook ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_In ponents-ShareButton-ponents-ShareFacebook-___ShareFacebook__share" width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Share-FB</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-558.000000, -239.000000)"><g transform="translate(559.000000, 240.000000)"><ellipse class="circle" stroke="#939393" stroke-width="0.9" fill="#ffffff" fill-le="nonzero" cx="15.2586868" cy="15" rx="15.2586868" ry="15"></ellipse><path class="symbol" d="M13.6388196,22 L13.6181818,15.1818182 L11,15.1818182 L11,12.4545455 L13.6181818,12.4545455 L13.6181818,10.75 C13.6181818,8.2195 15.1225367,7 17.2896189,7 C18.3276756,7 19.2198276,7.08050227 19.4798262,7.11648864 L19.4798262,9.76100909 L17.9768393,9.76171818 C16.7982582,9.76171818 16.5700575,10.3450955 16.5700575,11.2011659 L16.5700575,12.4545455 L20,12.4545455 L18.6909091,15.1818182 L16.5700575,15.1818182 L16.5700575,22 L13.6388196,22 Z" id="Mask" fill="#939393"></path></g></g></g></svg><span></span></a></li><li class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social_em"><a href=" class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button__morn" rel="noopener noreferrer"><span class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_Label">Twter</span><svg class="in in-twter ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_In ponents-ShareButton-ponents-ShareTwter-___ShareTwter__share" width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Share-Twter</tle><g stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-le="evenodd"><g transform="translate(-603.000000, -239.000000)"><g transform="translate(604.000000, 240.000000)"><ellipse class="circle" stroke="#939393" stroke-width="0.9" fill="#ffffff" fill-le="nonzero" cx="15.2586868" cy="15" rx="15.2586868" ry="15"></ellipse><path class="symbol" d="M23.9008621,10.400522 C23.3045797,10.6440911 22.7082974,10.8267678 22.0457615,10.8876601 C22.7082974,10.5223065 23.2383261,9.91338392 23.5033405,9.24356905 C22.8408046,9.60892261 22.1782687,9.85249166 21.4494792,9.97427618 C20.8531968,9.36535357 19.9919001,9 19.0643499,9 C17.2755029,9 15.8179239,10.3396298 15.8179239,11.9837208 C15.8179239,12.2272899 15.8179239,12.4708589 15.8841774,12.6535357 C13.1015266,12.5317512 10.7163973,11.3139059 9.12631106,9.48713809 C8.7950431,9.97427618 8.66253592,10.4614143 8.66253592,11.0094446 C8.66253592,12.0446131 9.25881825,12.957997 10.1201149,13.5060274 C9.59008621,13.5060274 9.06005747,13.3842428 8.66253592,13.1406738 C8.66253592,13.1406738 8.66253592,13.1406738 8.66253592,13.201566 C8.66253592,14.6629803 9.78884698,15.8808255 11.246426,16.1243946 C10.9814116,16.1852869 10.7163973,16.2461791 10.3851293,16.2461791 C10.1863685,16.2461791 9.98760776,16.2461791 9.78884698,16.1852869 C10.1863685,17.4031321 11.3789332,18.2556237 12.8365122,18.2556237 C11.7102011,19.0472231 10.3188757,19.5343612 8.7950431,19.5343612 C8.53002874,19.5343612 8.26501437,19.5343612 8,19.473469 C9.45757902,20.3259606 11.1801724,20.8130987 12.9690194,20.8130987 C18.9980963,20.8130987 22.2445223,16.2461791 22.2445223,12.2881821 L22.2445223,11.9228286 C22.9070582,11.4965827 23.4370869,10.9485524 23.9008621,10.400522 Z" id="Mask" fill="#939393"></path></g></g></g></svg><span></span></a></li><li class="ponents-SocialMi-___SocialMi__social_em"><a href="mailto:?subject=Check%20out%20this%20article%20om%20KQED&body=%2Farts%2F13880161%2Fmeet-gay-bob-the-1977-doll-that-urged-people-to-e-out-of-the-closet" class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button__morn"><span class="ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_Label">Email</span><svg class="in in-email ponents-ShareButton-___ShareButton__button_In ponents-ShareButton-ponents-ShareEmail-___ShareEmail__share" width="32px" height="32px" viewBox="0 0 32 32" versn="1.1" xmlns="><tle>Share-Email

gay bob movie

Bob Chapek mentned Disney creatg "spirg" queer ntent when addrsg the pany’s supposed support of the ntroversial "Don’t Say Gay" bill. Here are all Disney’s official gay moments om movi and TV seri.

Contents:

WHAT ABOUT GAY BOB?

The First Openly Gay Doll (for everyone) Was a Trailblazer Toy * gay bob movie *

Thirteen ch tall and plastic, Gay Bob was marketed as the first openly gay doll and ma his retail but mail-orr talogs.

At face value, Gay Bob’s msage about the mers of g out seems earnt, pog the valu of urage, honty, and livg thentilly; however, the brandg and sign of the Gay Bob doll are brash. We had somethg to learn om the gay movement, jt like we did om the black civil rights movement, and the women’s movement and that is havg the urage to stand up and say, ‘I have a right to be what I am. While Rosenberg did not intify as gay, he stated that he had created the doll to liberate men om tradnal sexual rol.

MEET GAY BOB, THE 1977 DOLL THAT URGED PEOPLE TO COME OUT OF THE CLOSET

In 1977, the world's first gay doll was lnched. And to play wh him, you had to lerally take him out of his closet. * gay bob movie *

Acrdg to Rosenberg, regardls of a person’s sexualy, Gay Bob uld serve as an example for havg the urage to “e out of the closet” and be your te, thentic self.

THE STORY BEHD GAY BOB, THE WORLD’S FIRST OUT-AND-PROUD DOLL

In 1977, Gay Bob, “The World’s First Openly Gay Doll”, h store shelv. The 13-ch plastic doll was cheekily signed to look like a batn of Robert Redford and Pl Newman and was as much a totem of gay pri as he was a lculated parry agast the strik of anti-gay activism * gay bob movie *

Durg a prs blz for the doll’s release, Rosenberg also dited that Gay Bob was a spoof of other “amorpho, sexls dolls, ” which was undoubtedly a reference to Mattel’s KenTM and BarbieTM. He had plans to release addnal dolls that would have ma up the rt of Gay Bob’s fay (a mother, father, and two brothers); however, the other dolls were never produced. Gay Bob dolls were sold via mail-orr advertisements gay magaz and a few boutique shops New York Cy and San Francis.

HOW GAY BOB, THE WORLD’S FIRST OPENLY GAY DOLL, CAME TO BE

Prayers for Bobby: Directed by Rsell Mulhy. Wh Sigourney Weaver, Henry Czerny, Ryan Kelley, At Nichols. Te story of Mary Griffh, gay rights csar, whose teenage son mted suici due to her relig tolerance. Based on the book of the same tle by Leroy Aarons." data-id="ma * gay bob movie *

Consequently, ten thoand more dolls were produced, and Gay Bob was btowed wh Esquire magaze's "Dub Achievement Award" 1978. A handsome and mascule doll, Gay Bob had a short feathery blon crew cut and was signed to look like a cross between Pl Newman and Robert Redford. He had a preprogrammed voice rerdg that played the earnt msage, “Gay people are no different than straight people… if everyone me ‘out of their closets, ’ there wouldn’t be so many angry, trated, ightened people.

GAY WBOYS? ‘POWER OF THE DOG’ DO NOT STAND ALONE GOG THERE

* gay bob movie *

” This reerated msagg om his fashn talog that fed “g out of the closet” as what uld be scribed as Gay Bob’s manifto—be urageo by g out of your closet and livg hontly, like Gay Bob!

But Gay Bob was more than jt clever packagg; he also promoted the ia that g out of the closet, beg open and hont wh the people your life, was a powerful and urageo act. “It’s a real giggle and kd of fun, ” said Bce Voeller, executive director of the Natnal Gay Task Force said at the time, “I thk we should al wh lightly and enjoy .

Many nsir Stonewall, a New York Cy uprisg to prottg police harassment at the Stonewall Inn, as the start of the Gay Rights movement the Uned Stat. Los Angel has a long history of Gay Rights Protts and anti-gay ordanc, such as the Anti-Masqueradg Ordance of 1898. The rtrictive anti-gay Hays Co, which forba and then limed the way LGBTQ+ characters uld be seen on film, was disband the early 1960s.

DEFINITIONS FOR GAY BOBGAY BOB

Bob: Directed by John Gross. Wh Orson Chapl, Sarah Elbert, Ronnie Kroell, Wallace Langham. BRADY and PAUL, a gay uple their early 30's, move to their very first apartment together and experience some paranormal activy on their first night there." data-id="ma * gay bob movie *

Gay Rights and Gay Inty had entered more mon areas the cultural nversatn, but LGBTQ+ people were still discrimated agast, stigmatized, and legislated agast on large and small sl. At the same time Gay Bob h the mail-orr adult-centric talogs (and a uple of biastal boutique shelv) sger and anti-gay rights activist Ana Bryant found Save Our Children, Inc, which opposed the gay rights movement. When Da County, Florida, passed a gay-rights ordance protectg gay civil rights passed early 1977, Save Our Children rpond wh a mpaign to repeal the ordance.

Bryant’s fear-mongerg rhetoric gaed tractn, and June 1977, the Da County gay rights ordance was repealed and would rema until the 1990s. Rowe lled the Gay Bob dolls, “evince of the speratn of the homosexual mpaign has reached s effort to put the homosexual liftyle, which is a athstyle, across to the Amerin people.

TURNS OUT, BARBIELAND ISN'T AS GAY AS S QUEER FANS HAD HOPED

Defn of GAY BOB the dictnary. Meang of GAY BOB. What do GAY BOB mean? Informatn and translatns of GAY BOB the most prehensive dictnary fns rource on the web. * gay bob movie *

I n only hope that the children who are given the Gay Bob dolls will not prehend the meang and tent of the mpaign that is behd their manufacture and distributn. That changed 1997 wh Totem Internatnal’s troductn of the Billy doll who claimed to be the first “Out and Proud Gay Doll”—although that distctn clearly belongs to Gay Bob.

While Gay Bob was built for the adult dience, today, we see doll manufacturers bridge the LBGTQ+ muny wh tentnaly for the younger generatn. While fans celebrated the cln of Mamie and Lyte as reprentatn and clivy, also led to homophobic backlash straight out of Ana Bryant’s book several s after Save the Children began. It would be easy to look at the story of Gay Bob and thk was simply a novelty em that got ught up the polics of the time for a brief moment and is now largely fotten.

'PASSAG' DIRECTOR NOUNC 'DANGERO' NC-17 RATG ON A FILM PICTG A GAY LOVE STORY

Jun 12, 2020Failed to save articlePlease try agaThis article is more than 3 years 1860s Germany, Karl Herich Ulrichs urged other gay people to publicly reveal their sexual orientatn.

And while Milk was urgg his iends and muny to e out of the closet, the “World’s First Gay Doll” was dog the exact same thg.

Digned to look like a batn of Pl Newman and Robert Redford and packed to his own rdboard closet, Gay Bob was the brachild of former advertisg executive Harvey Rosenberg.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY BOB MOVIE

Turns out, Barbieland isn't as gay as s queer fans had hoped .

TOP