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Contents:

• GAYAL
• GAYAL
• SEMI-DOMTITED AND IRREPLACEABLE GEIC ROURCE GAYAL (BOS ONTALIS) NEEDS EFFECTIVE GEIC CONSERVATN BANGLASH: A REVIEW
• WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCG OF THE ENDANGERED BOVE SPECI GAYAL (BOS ONTALIS) PROVIS NEW SIGHTS TO S GEIC FEATUR

GAYAL

Gayal, (Bos gs ontalis), also lled mhan, a subspeci of the gr and the largt of the wild oxen, subfay Bovae (fay Bovidae), which is kept and utilized by the hill trib of Assam and Myanmar (Burma). Smaller than the gr and wh shorter legs, the gayal stands 140–160 cm (55–63 ch) at the shoulr. The gayal lacks the gr’s massive shoulr hump, and s skull is shorter, wir, and flatter; the horns of both sex prot om the sis of the head and are thicker, but shorter, than those of the gr.

Grs are water-pennt grazers and browsers wh a preference for green grass and other monots that grow fort cleargs, which may expla the origs of the gayal.

GAYAL

Such is the fate of the social anizatn and matg system of the gayal remas unchanged om s wild progenors.

SEMI-DOMTITED AND IRREPLACEABLE GEIC ROURCE GAYAL (BOS ONTALIS) NEEDS EFFECTIVE GEIC CONSERVATN BANGLASH: A REVIEW

The matg ll of the bull gayal sounds like a gr and unlike any other bove; is loud and as ronant as the base not of an an. Further proof of the relatnship of the two animals is the matg of gayal ws wh gr bulls, which is promoted by gayal keepers to improve the breed.

The gayal (Bos ontalis), also known as Dng ox or mhun, is a large domtic ttle distributed Northeast India, Banglash, Myanmar and Yunnan, Cha. In India, semi-domtited gayals are kept by several ethnic groups livg the hills of Tripura, Mizoram, Assam, Anachal Prash, and Nagaland. Gayals are herbivoro animals that feed on tree fodrs, shbs, herbs, and other natural vegetatns.

Bis this gayals are also ed as a marriage gift and sacrificial animal for different social and cultural ceremoni. Bis, the only artificial reproductn center for gayals, Banglash Livtock Rearch Instute (BLRI), has few animals and uld not rry out s long term nservatn scheme due to a lack of an objective based scientific missn as well as fancial support.

WHOLE-GENOME SEQUENCG OF THE ENDANGERED BOVE SPECI GAYAL (BOS ONTALIS) PROVIS NEW SIGHTS TO S GEIC FEATUR

Keywords: Banglash, Gayal, Conservatn, Semi-domtic, Geic RourceINTRODUCTIONTwo major pennt domtitn events of the roch (Bos primigeni) subsequently formed Indian and Eurasian bove subspeci lled zebu and tre ttle, rpectively. On the other hand, gr (Bos gs) is the tallt and the largt extant wild bove which is lled Indian bison and that the semi-domtited gayal (Bos ontalis) is very much related wh the gr (Giasudd et al., 2003a).

The term semi-domtited referred to the gayal bee they are only lightly domtited and of disputed gayal belongs to the fay Bovidae, tribe Bovi, group Bova, gen Bos and speci Bos ontalis. The gayal, synonymo wh mhan or mhun, is a unique bove speci which has a limed geographil distributn om east Bhutan through the Anachal Prash India to the Naga and Ch hills the Arakan Yomarange that f the borrs between India, Banglash and Myanmar (Mason, 1988; Payne and Hodg, 1997). The unique characteristics or specific featur of an digeno breed uld therefore be treated for ratnal utilizatn as well as staable livtock breedg policy of prent and future or of formatn of a new livtock breeds wh those unique mers of digeno this paper, we foc on the mers of the geic potential gayal across s distributn and addrs the urgent need of Banglashi gayal populatn to protect them om extctn sce the populatn is facg a formidable suatn.

APPRECIATION AND USAGE OF GAYALIn Naga and Ch hills, gayals are important sacrificial animals and regard as a social stat symbol for the Naga people (Simoons and Simoons, 1968).

In the moist forts of the hills, gayals are ee-rangg animals whout planned breedg and are therefore sometim scribed as semi-domtic animals (Scherf, 2000). On the other hand, the gayals are particularly prized for sir to terbreed wh the lol breeds of ws (B.

In Banglash, gayal is the only wild relative of domtic zebu ttle found the Chtagong hill tract regns, predomantly Bandarban district together wh other wild animal speci like jungle fowl, wild pig, and wild quail. Some tribal fay rear gayal wh native ttle and their cross offsprg after natural matg lled “Tang gr”, which was sometime found lol market. The gayal n terbreed wh domtic ttle (Bos ts and Bos dic) and the female offsprg may be fertile, but the male offsprg may not always be fertile (Simoons, 1984; Huque et al., 2001; Giasudd et al., 2003a; Nyunt and W, 2004; Tanaka et al., 2004).

KARYOTYPIC AND PHYLOGENETIC STUDIES REVEAL THE ORIGIN OF GAYALThere are two major hypoth on the orig of the gayal: i) they were directly domtited om wild gr (Simoons, 1984); and ii) they were a hybrid scendant om crossg of wild gr and domtic ttle, eher B. Many animal taxonomists once mistook gayal as a domtited type of Indian gr bee of their siar appearance (Ma et al., 2007).

(1980) analyzed the karyotyp of three Bos speci where they observed the number, form, and nfiguratn of gayal chromosom were different om yellow ttle (Bos ts) and gr (Bos gs) and their numbers of chromosom were 58, 60, and 56, rpectively.

There was no sub-metacentric chromosome the chromosom of yellow ttle, two pairs gr, and one pair gayal.