“Our Milancy is Our Openns”: Gay Employment Rights Activism California and the Qutn of Sexual Orientatn Sex Equaly Law | Law and History Review | Cambridge Core

Contents:

• “OUR MILANCY IS OUR OPENNS”: GAY EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS ACTIVISM CALIFORNIA AND THE QUTN OF SEXUAL ORIENTATN SEX EQUALY LAW
• QUEEN OF THE UNRDOGS: 5 REASONS PK IS AN UNRAPPRECIATED GAY IN
• GAY GROUP CAN'T CALL ITSELF PK PANTHERS
• GAY PATROL AND MGM IN A BATTLE OVER NAME

“OUR MILANCY IS OUR OPENNS”: GAY EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS ACTIVISM CALIFORNIA AND THE QUTN OF SEXUAL ORIENTATN SEX EQUALY LAW

” On bat about genr prentatn wh San Francis's gay liberatn movement at this time, see Hillman, Betty Luther, “‘The Most Profoundly Revolutnary Act a Homosexual Can Engage In’: Drag and the Polics of Genr Prentatn the San Francis Gay Liberatn Movement, 1964–1972, ” Journal of the History of Sexualy 20 (2011): 153–181Google Scholar. See Clenden, Dudley and Nagourney, Adam, Out for Good: The Stggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement Ameri (New York: Simon and Schter, 1999)Google Scholar; D'E, John, Sexual Polics, Sexual Communi: The Makg of a Homosexual Mory the Uned Stat, 1940–1970 (Chigo: Universy of Chigo Prs, 1983)Google Scholar; and Johnson, David K., The Lavenr Sre: The Cold War Persecutn of Gays and Lbians the Feral Government (Chigo: Universy of Chigo Prs, 2006)Google Scholar.

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Androe, Jean-Manuel, Victory Deferred: How AIDS Changed Gay Life Ameri (Chigo: Universy of Chigo Prs, 1999)Google Scholar; Feldblum, Chai R., “Workplace Issu: HIV and Discrimatn, ” Aids Agenda: Emergg Issu Civil Rights, ed. Hunter, Nan and Rubenste, William (New York: Norton, 1992), 271–330Google Scholar; Hunter, Nan D., Epimic of Fear: A Survey of AIDS Discrimatn the 1980s and Policy Remendatns for the 1990s (New York: Amerin Civil Liberti Unn, 1990)Google Scholar; McGirr, Lisa, Suburban Warrrs: The Origs of the New Amerin Right (Prceton: Prceton Universy Prs, 2002)Google Scholar; Mello, Jefey A., AIDS and the Law of Workplace Discrimatn (Boulr: Wtview, 1995)Google Scholar; Nickerson, Michelle, “Polilly Dperate Hoewiv: Women and Conservatism Postwar Los Angel, ” California History 86 (2009): 4–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Rimmerman, Craig, From Inty to Polics: The Lbian and Gay Movements the Uned Stat (Philalphia: Temple Universy Prs, 2001)Google Scholar; and Vaid, Urvashi, Virtual Equaly: The Mastreamg of Gay and Lbian Liberatn (New York: Anchor Books, 1995)Google Scholar. Clenn, Dudley and Nagourney, Adam, Out for Good: The Stggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement Ameri (New York: Simon & Schter, 1999)Google Scholar; D'E, Sexual Polics, Sexual Communi, 150–57; Johnson, The Lavenr Sre; Meeker, Mart, “Behd the Mask of Rpectabily: Rensirg the Mattache Society and Male Homophile Practice, 1950s and 1960s, ” Journal of the History of Sexualy 10 (2001): 78–116CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Marotta, Toby, The Polics of Homosexualy (Boston: Houghton Miffl, 1981)Google Scholar; Rimmerman, From Inty to Polics, 2; and Rupp, Leila J., “The Persistence of Transnatnal Organizg: The Case of the Homophile Movement, ” Amerin Historil Review 116 (2011): 1014–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

QUEEN OF THE UNRDOGS: 5 REASONS PK IS AN UNRAPPRECIATED GAY IN

3d 458 (1979); Armstrong, Elizabeth, Fg Gay Inti: Organizg Sexualy San Francis, 1950–1994 (Chigo: Universy of Chigo Prs, 2002)Google Scholar; Bernste, Mary, “Inti and Polics: Toward a Historil Unrstandg of the Lbian and Gay Movement, ” Social Science History 26 (2002): 531–81Google Scholar; Enke, Fdg the Movement; Kissack, Terence, “Freakg Fag Revolutnari: New York's Gay Liberatn Front, 1961–1971, ” Radil History Review 62 (1995): 104–34Google Scholar; Meeker, “Behd the Mask of Rpectabily”; Meeker, Contacts Dired; Mumford, Kev J., “The Trouble Wh Gay Rights: Race and the Polics of Sexual Orientatn Philalphia, 1969–1982, ” Journal of Amerin History 98 (2011): 49–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Ste, Marc, Cy of Sisterly and Brotherly Lov: Lbian and Gay Philalphia, 1945–1972 (Philalphia: Temple Universy Prs, 2004)Google Scholar. It claimed that Congrs tend sex discrimatn to refer only to “dispari employment opportuni between mal and femal;” that homosexualy was “a ndn which relat to a person's sexual proclivi or practic, not to his or her genr;” and that “ncepts of sexual proclivy and genr are no way synonymo. See Compliance Director to Executive Director, Equal Employment Opportuny Commissn, re: “Summary of Complats Received om Men Allegg Discrimatn Based on Sex, ” December 20, 1965, Compliance: Summary of Invtigative Reports folr, box 1, EEOC Compliance Divisn Fil, 1965–1966, Rerd Group 403, Natnal Archiv and Rerds Admistratn, College Park, MD; “EEOC Rejects Charg Filed by Gays, ” Sexual Law Reporter 2 (1976): 21Google Scholar; “EEOC Rulg: Commissn Ref to Protect Gays, ” It's Time: Newsletter of the Natnal Gay Task Force, March 1976, folr 12, box 1, Los Angel Gay and Lbian Center Rerds, ONE Natnal Gay and Lbian Archiv, Los Angel, CA (hereafter LAGLC); William Parker, “Homosexuals and Employment, ” 1970, folr 39, box 1, CTP; and “Employment Commissn Disclaims Jurisdictn for Gays, ” Sexual Law Reporter 2 (1976): 65Google Scholar.

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On how attempts to eradite sexual exprsn and diversy harm female and gay workers, see Schultz, Vicki, “The Sanized Workplace, ” Yale Law Journal 112 (2003), 2061–193CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Yosho, Kenji, Coverg: The Hidn Asslt on our Civil Rights (New York: Random Hoe, 2006)Google Scholar.

GAY GROUP CAN'T CALL ITSELF PK PANTHERS

Bent, “Sex(ual Orientatn) and Tle VII, ” Columbia Law Review 91 (1991): 1158–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Koppelman, Andrew, The Gay Rights Qutn Contemporary Amerin Law (Chigo: Universy of Chigo Prs, 2002)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. Canaday, The Straight State; Chncey, Gee, Gay New York: Genr, Urban Culture, and the Makg of the Gay Male World 1890–1940 (New York: Basic Books, 1994)Google Scholar; D'E, Sexual Polics, Sexual Communi; and Eisenbach, Gay Power: An Amerin Revolutn (New York: Carroll & Graf, 2006)Google Scholar.

GAY PATROL AND MGM IN A BATTLE OVER NAME

“ACLU Official Hails Gays, ” The Advote, March 31–April 13, 1971, 14; “ACLU Posn on Homosexualy, ” January 7, 1967, folr 7, box 1127, Amerin Civil Liberti Unn Archiv, 1950–1990, Seri 3 (hereafter ACLU); Garey, Diane, Defendg Everybody: A History of the Amerin Civil Liberti Unn (New York: TV Books, 1998)Google Scholar; and Kutulas, Judy, The Amerin Civil Liberti Unn and the Makg of Morn Liberalism, 1930–1960 (Chapel Hill: Universy of North Carola Prs, 2005)Google Scholar. Further, 1975, the Uned Stat Civil Service Regulatns were amend to state that employe uld not be fired bee of their homosexualy alone, other workers’ real or anticipated reactns, or the fear that gay employe would “brg public service to ntempt. ” See also Ca, Patricia A., “Ligatg for Lbian and Gay Rights: A Legal History, ” Virgia Law Review 79 (1993), 1576–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar; D'E, Sexual Polics, Sexual Communi, 150–57; and Johnson, David K., “Homosexual Cizens: Washgton's Gay Communy Cononts the Civil Service, ” Washgton History (Fall–Wter 1994–95): 44–63Google Scholar.

On workplace discrimatn agast lbians this era, see Brooks, Virgia, Mory Strs and Lbian Women (Lexgton, MA: Lexgton Books, 1981)Google Scholar; Chafetz, Ja S., Sampson, Patricia, Beck, Pla and Wt, Joyce, “A Study of Homosexual Women, ” Social Work 19 (1974): 714–23Google Scholar; and Leve and Leonard, “Discrimatn Agast Lbians the Work Force”. See “Employment Discrimatn Agast Homosexuals, ” prented by Gay Activist Alliance to New York Cy Commissn on Human Rights, July 14, 1970, “Employment Discrimatn–2002 and Before” subject file, ONE Natnal Gay and Lbian Archiv, Los Angel, CA (hereafter ONE); and Marotta, The Polics of Homosexualy. D'E, Sexual Polics, Sexual Communi; McGirr, Suburban Warrrs; Self, Robert O., “Sex the Cy: The Polics of Sexual Liberalism Los Angel, 1963–79, ” Genr and History 20 (2008): 288–311CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Nickerson, Michelle, “Polilly Dperate Hoewiv: Women and Conservatism Postwar Los Angel, ” California History 86 (June 2009): 4–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar; and Whe, Pre-Gay LA.

He found the mpaign to feat the Briggs Iniative, which would have banned gay people om teachg California, and went on to serve on the San Francis Board of Edutn, the San Francis Board of Supervisors, and the California State Assembly. See Tom Ammiano, “My Adventur as a Gay Teacher, ” Smash the Church, Smash the State!, 40–42; D'E, Sexual Polics, Sexual Communi, 117; Gallo, Different Dghters; Schilts, Randy, The Mayor of Castro Street: The Life and Tim of Harvey Milk (New York: St. Jay Murley, Chairman, ACLU-SC, to Gay Rights Commtee, May–June 1973, folr 1, box 5, Rob Cole Papers, ONE Natnal Gay and Lbian Archiv, Los Angel, CA (hereafter RCP); “A History: The Los Angel Gay Rights Movement, ” ACLU Human Rights Award Dner, June 1, 1979, folr 11, box 2, RCP; and Undated memo re: Chapter History, folr 1, box 1, Amerin Civil Liberti Unn of Southern California Lbian and Gay Rights Chapter Rerds, ONE Natnal Gay and Lbian Archiv, Los Angel, CA (hereafter ACLU-GRC).