Gay Rights: Movement and Marriage Rights (Vio) | HISTORY

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS
• GAY RIGHTS: 30 YEARS AFTER STONEWALL
• PROCLAMATN 7203—GAY AND LBIAN PRI MONTH, 1999
• THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• HOW AMERI GOT PAST THE ANTI-GAY POLICS OF THE '90S
• JIM HORMEL SWORN AS AMERI’S FIRST GAY AMBASSADORA PHILANTHROPIST WH A LAW GREE OM THE UNIVERSY OF CHIGO LAW SCHOOL, JIM HORMEL WAS A FOUNDG MEMBER OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN FUND AND WAS ON THE BOARD OF THE AMERIN FOUNDATN FOR AIDS REARCH. IN 1995, PRINT CLTON APPOTED HIM TO SERVE ON THE UNED NATNS COMMISSN ON HUMAN RIGHTS, AND 1996, HE SERVED ON THE U.S. LEGATN TO THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY.BUT WHEN CLTON NOMATED HIM AS U.S. AMBASSADOR TO LUXEMBOURG 1997, WH APPROVAL OM THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATNS COMMTEE, ANTI-LGBTQ+ RELIG ZEALOTS REFED A FLOOR VOTE, CLAIMG HORMEL WAS PRO-PORNOGRAPHY BEE HE FUND AN LGBTQ+ HISTORY SECTN AT THE SAN FRANCIS PUBLIC LIBRARY. CLTON GAVE HIM A RECS APPOTMENT MAY 1999, AND HE WAS SWORN AS AMERI’S FIRST GAY AMBASSADOR BY SECRETARY MALE ALBRIGHT JUNE 1999 WH HIS THEN-PARTNER, TIMOTHY WU.JIM HORMEL WAS SWORN AS U.S. AMBASSADOR TO LUXEMBOURG BY SECRETARY OF STATE MALE ALBRIGHT JUNE 1999. COURTY OF THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT.“UNTIL THE TIME THAT PEOPLE ACCEPT THAT ALL OF ARE BORN TO OUR SEXUAL ORIENTATN AND INTY, LGBT CIZENS WILL STILL ENDURE DISCRIMATN AND SELECTIVE APPLITN OF THE CONSTUTN’S PROTECTNS,” HORMEL WROTE AN OP-ED FOR CNN ON NOVEMBER 16, 2011.TOM DUANE TAK OFFICE AS FIRST GAY NEW YORK STATE SENATOR

GAY RIGHTS

Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter. Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels.

GAY RIGHTS: 30 YEARS AFTER STONEWALL

Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze.

Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review. That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D. ”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

PROCLAMATN 7203—GAY AND LBIAN PRI MONTH, 1999

They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn.

THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

1 / 12: NY Daily News Archive/Getty ImagChristopher Street Liberatn Day Shortly after the Stonewall uprisg, members of the Mattache Society spl off to form the Gay Liberatn Front, a radil group that lnched public monstratns, protts and nontatns wh polil officials.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Siar groups followed, cludg the Gay Activists Alliance, Radilbians, and Street Transvt Actn Revolutnari (STAR) 1970, at the one-year anniversary of the Stonewall Rts, New York Cy muny members marched through lol streets memoratn of the event. Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri.

In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985.

HOW AMERI GOT PAST THE ANTI-GAY POLICS OF THE '90S

But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy. Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn. In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U.

Gay rights proponents mt also ntent wh an creasg number of “relig liberty” state laws, which allow bs to ny service to LGBTQ dividuals due to relig beliefs, as well as “bathroom laws” that prevent transgenr dividuals om g public bathrooms that don’t rrpond to their sex at birth. GUESTS: ADAM NAGOURNEY Co-thor, Out for Good:The Stggle to Build a Gay Rights Movement Ameri (Simon & Schter l999) Journalist, The New York Tim Magaze LILLIAN FADERMAN Author, To Believe Women:What Lbians Have Done for Ameri—A History (Houghton Miffl l999) Teacher, English & Lbian Studi at California State Universy at Frno Thirty years ago a bar Greenwich village, a group of gay men cid they'd had enough of police harassment, and a raid turned to a rt. Thirty years ago this month, at the Stonewall Inn New York Cy, a urageo group of cizens risted harassment and mistreatment, settg motn a cha of events that would bee known as the Stonewall Uprisg and the birth of the morn gay and lbian civil rights movement.

JIM HORMEL SWORN AS AMERI’S FIRST GAY AMBASSADORA PHILANTHROPIST WH A LAW GREE OM THE UNIVERSY OF CHIGO LAW SCHOOL, JIM HORMEL WAS A FOUNDG MEMBER OF THE HUMAN RIGHTS CAMPAIGN FUND AND WAS ON THE BOARD OF THE AMERIN FOUNDATN FOR AIDS REARCH. IN 1995, PRINT CLTON APPOTED HIM TO SERVE ON THE UNED NATNS COMMISSN ON HUMAN RIGHTS, AND 1996, HE SERVED ON THE U.S. LEGATN TO THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY.BUT WHEN CLTON NOMATED HIM AS U.S. AMBASSADOR TO LUXEMBOURG 1997, WH APPROVAL OM THE SENATE FOREIGN RELATNS COMMTEE, ANTI-LGBTQ+ RELIG ZEALOTS REFED A FLOOR VOTE, CLAIMG HORMEL WAS PRO-PORNOGRAPHY BEE HE FUND AN LGBTQ+ HISTORY SECTN AT THE SAN FRANCIS PUBLIC LIBRARY. CLTON GAVE HIM A RECS APPOTMENT MAY 1999, AND HE WAS SWORN AS AMERI’S FIRST GAY AMBASSADOR BY SECRETARY MALE ALBRIGHT JUNE 1999 WH HIS THEN-PARTNER, TIMOTHY WU.JIM HORMEL WAS SWORN AS U.S. AMBASSADOR TO LUXEMBOURG BY SECRETARY OF STATE MALE ALBRIGHT JUNE 1999. COURTY OF THE U.S. STATE DEPARTMENT.“UNTIL THE TIME THAT PEOPLE ACCEPT THAT ALL OF ARE BORN TO OUR SEXUAL ORIENTATN AND INTY, LGBT CIZENS WILL STILL ENDURE DISCRIMATN AND SELECTIVE APPLITN OF THE CONSTUTN’S PROTECTNS,” HORMEL WROTE AN OP-ED FOR CNN ON NOVEMBER 16, 2011.TOM DUANE TAK OFFICE AS FIRST GAY NEW YORK STATE SENATOR

Gays and lbians, their fai and iends, celebrate the anniversary of Stonewall every June Ameri as Gay and Lbian Pri Month; and, earlier this month, the Natnal Park Service add the Stonewall Inn, as well as the nearby park and neighborhood streets surroundg , to the Natnal Register of Historic Plac. I enurage all Amerins to observe this month wh appropriate programs, ceremoni, and activi that celebrate our diversy, and to remember throughout the year the gay and lbian Amerins whose many and varied ntributns have enriched our natnal life. When the NYPD raid a gay bar Greenwich Village and started arrtg employe and drag performers, they got more than they bargaed for--a crowd of some 2, 000 lbian, gay, and transgenr supporters of the bar took on the police, forcg them to the club.

Democratic lears had everythg to ga and ltle to lose by supportg gay rights, so they serted a new plank the party platform: "All groups mt be protected om discrimatn based on race, lor, relign, natnal orig, language, age, sex or sexual orientatn. E., for lbians, gays [homosexual mal], bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons); seeks to elimate sodomy laws; and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life.

) Gay rights prr to the 20th century Relig admonns agast sexual relatns between dividuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behavur, but most legal s Europe were silent on the subject of homosexualy and bisexualy. Dpe Paragraph 175 and the failure of the WhK to w s repeal, homosexual and bisexual men and women experienced a certa amount of eedom Germany, particularly durg the Weimar perd, between the end of World War I and the Nazi seizure of power.

In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons. In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act.

Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons. This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat. Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).

Ary’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy (1993–2011), which had permted gay and lbian dividuals to serve the ary if they did not disclose their sexual orientatn or engage homosexual activy; the repeal effectively end the ban on homosexuals the ary.

© Lynn Watson/ Colorful upliftg paras wh floats and celebri, joyo ftivals, workshops, piics, and parti are among the prcipal ponents of LGBTQ Pri Month, also lled Gay Pri, which is celebrated June the Uned Stat and elsewhere around the world. Ernment when Print Bill Clton clared June 1999 “Gay and Lbian Pri Month, ” Print Barack Obama proclaimed June to be “LGBT Pri Month, ” and Print Joe Bin further expand the observance to “Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr, and Queer (LGBTQ+) Pri Month. AdvertisementSKIP Wilson/The New York TimJune 19, 2019Begng before Stonewall and ntug the 50 years sce, lbian, gay, bisexual and transgenr people have regularly turned to the urts for protectn agast mistreatment or to overturn laws that targeted them.

Hardwick – Uned Stat Supreme CourtAs the AIDS crisis h and anti-gay hysteria took over public pictns of gay men’s liv, the Supreme Court led that Geia’s crimal sodomy law was nstutnal — clarg that such laws “have ancient roots” and settg forth a pivotal rejectn of gay rights that took nearly 20 years to overturn. Dale – Uned Stat Supreme CourtThe Supreme Court led that New Jersey uld not enforce s nondiscrimatn laws to force the Boy Suts to allow gay sutmasters the state — reversg a lower-urt cisn that had led favor of allowg Jam Dale to serve as an assistant end of sodomy Schlegel/The Dallas Morng News, via Associated Prs2003: Lawrence v. Brien – Iowa Supreme CourtThe Iowa Supreme Court ma history when issued the first unanimo cisn affirmg the right of same-sex upl to marry — a cisn that also led to Iowa beg the first state the Midwt where same-sex upl uld Raedle/Getty Imag2010: In re Gill – Florida Third District Court of AppealFor s, Florida law tegorilly barred gay people om adoptg children.

Thkg about how the gay marriage issue might affect your vote for major offic, would you -- [ROTATED: only vote for a ndidate who shar your views on gay marriage, nsir a ndidate's posn on gay marriage as jt one of many important factors when votg, or would you not see gay marriage as a major issue? Olr groups such as the Mattache Society, which was found southern California as a discsn group for gay men and had flourished the 1950s, soon ma way for more radil groups such as the Gay Liberatn Front (GLF) and the Gay Activists Alliance (GAA).

In addn to lnchg numero public monstratns to prott the lack of civil rights for gay dividuals, the anizatns often rorted to such tactics as public nontatns wh polil officials and the disptn of public meetgs to challenge and to change the mor of the tim.