A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

history of gay fiction

  • Home
  • history of gay fiction

Recent Posts

BB GAY TERMDecember 22, 2024
NORTH GAYBALL DISCORDDecember 22, 2024
18 AND UP GAY CLUBS INDecember 22, 2024
FAMOUS GAY KOREANSDecember 22, 2024
PORN THREESOME GAYDecember 22, 2024
FREE GAY SOCIAL NETWORKINGDecember 22, 2024
IS JENNIFER CARPENTER GAYDecember 22, 2024
HOYT KOGAN GAYDecember 22, 2024
DR HOUSE GAY EPISODEDecember 22, 2024
HAIRDRESSERS GAY STREET BATHDecember 22, 2024

Tags

Gay, lbian, and bisexual characters e to the foreont the eight books.

Contents:

THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY OF GAY AND LBIAN LERATURE

* history of gay fiction *

But the relatnship between the gay love terts—Sammy, one of the ma characters, and Tracy, the rad voice of the ic book character Sammy helped create—is a tragic and val part of this sweepg historil Price of Saltby Patricia Highsmh. The origal 1964 Kirk review of the book not, “the homosexual has never appeared more wretchedly alone than he do here through his own admissns”— a lonely and sad lens, but also a betiful of Nightby John Rechy. Schulman’s takeoff is more straightforward, wh a middle-aged Bette and her gay neighbor Earl vtigatg the new paths toward eedom that their liv might take a new era of civil to go eper to the history of LGBTQ activism?

In honor of LGBTQ History Month, celebrated every October, here are books that aim to shed light on and clarify signifint historil moments that rmed and shaped the morn lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr and queer rights movement.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

"The Gay Revolutn: The Story of the Stggle" by Lillian FarmanA thorough troductn to the history of the gay and lbian civil rights movements, this book chronicl the early stggl of LGBTQ dividuals om the 1950s to prent day g a pilatn of enlighteng terviews wh policians, ary officials and members of the muny.

"When We Rise: My Life the Movement" by Cleve JonThis semi-tobgraphil acunt follows Cleve Jon as he explor his inty as a gay man the 1950s, disvers a muny and a e through his mentor, Harvey Milk, and p wh the ravagg effects of the AIDS epimic. "Sister Outsir: Essays and Speech" by Audre LorA celebratn of tersectnaly, black lbian poet and femist Audre Lor analyz the prence of ageism, sexism, racism, classism and homophobia her own life through a llectn of lyril says and speech.

"The Men wh the Pk Triangle" by Hez Heger (Used)In lurid tail, Hez Hager unfolds the te story of Josef Kohout — a man who was imprisoned a Nazi ncentratn mp for beg gay — and effectively remds the world of the torture gay dividuals suffered at the hands of the Nazi regime. JohnsonWh the help of classified documents and terview wh ary officials, David Johnson argu that Senator Joseph McCarthy was jt as guilty of promotg anti-Communism paranoia as he was spirg polici that nsired homosexualy a threat to natnal secury. "The Celluloid Closet: Homosexualy the Movi" by Vo RsoPublished 1987, Rso’s analysis of the portrayal of homosexualy film has laid the foundatn for the how we evaluate LGBTQ reprentatn film today and has supported the argument that reprentatn matters.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* HISTORY OF GAY FICTION

LGBTQ Historil Fictn, 20 Years Before Stonewall | The New York Public Library</tle><lk rel="shortcut in" href="><meta name="viewport" ntent="width=vice-width, ial-sle=1.0"/><meta name="keywords" ntent="The New York Public Library (NYPL)"/><meta name="scriptn" ntent="Gay, lbian, and bisexual characters e to the foreont the eight books."/><meta name="allow-search" ntent="y"/><meta property="og:tle" ntent="LGBTQ Historil Fictn, 20 Years Before Stonewall | The New York Public Library"/><meta property="og:scriptn" ntent="Gay, lbian, and bisexual characters e to the foreont the eight books."/><meta property="og:type" ntent="webse"/><meta property="og:image" ntent="><meta property="og:se_name" ntent="The New York Public Library"/><meta property="og:url" ntent="><meta name="twter:tle" ntent="LGBTQ Historil Fictn, 20 Years Before Stonewall | The New York Public Library"/><meta name="twter:scriptn" ntent="Gay, lbian, and bisexual characters e to the foreont the eight books."/><meta name="twter:rd" ntent="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twter:se" ntent="@nypl"/><meta name="twter:creator" ntent="@nypl"/><meta name="twter:image" ntent="><meta name="next-head-unt" ntent="19"/><lk rel="preload" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" data-n-g=""/><lk rel="preload" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" as="style"/><lk rel="stylheet" href="/sut/_next/static/css/" data-n-p=""/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script fer="" nomodule="" src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/"></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/pag/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/chunks/pag/blog/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/sut/" fer=""></script><script src="/sut/_next/static/sut/" fer=""></script></head><body><div id="__next" data-reactroot=""><div id="nypl-hear"></div><div class="layout-ntaer"><div class="nypl--articl nypl-ds"><style data-emotn="css-global tvrh44">:host,:root,[data-theme]{--chakra-rg-set:var(--chakra-empty,/*!*/ /*!*/);--chakra-rg-offset-width:0px;--chakra-rg-offset-lor:#fff;--chakra-rg-lor:rgba(66, 153, 225, 0.6);--chakra-rg-offset-shadow:0 0 #0000;--chakra-rg-shadow:0 0 #0000;--chakra-space-x-reverse:0;--chakra-space-y-reverse:0;--nypl-lors-transparent:transparent;--nypl-lors-current:currentColor;--nypl-lors-black:#000000;--nypl-lors-whe:#FFFFFF;--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-50:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.04);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-100:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.06);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-200:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-300:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-400:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.24);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-500:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.36);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-600:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.48);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-700:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.64);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-800:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.80);--nypl-lors-wheAlpha-900:rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-50:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-100:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-200:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-300:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-400:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-500:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.36);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-600:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.48);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-700:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.64);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-800:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.80);--nypl-lors-blackAlpha-900:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.92);--nypl-lors-gray-50:#F2F2F2;--nypl-lors-gray-100:#DBDBDB;--nypl-lors-gray-200:#C4C4C4;--nypl-lors-gray-300:#ADADAD;--nypl-lors-gray-400:#969696;--nypl-lors-gray-500:#808080;--nypl-lors-gray-600:#666666;--nypl-lors-gray-700:#4D4D4D;--nypl-lors-gray-800:#333333;--nypl-lors-gray-900:#1A1A1A;--nypl-lors-red-50:#FEE7E8;--nypl-lors-red-100:#FCBBC0;--nypl-lors-red-200:#FA8F97;--nypl-lors-red-300:#F8636E;--nypl-lors-red-400:#F63745;--nypl-lors-red-500:#F40B1C;--nypl-lors-red-600:#C30917;--nypl-lors-red-700:#920711;--nypl-lors-red-800:#62040B;--nypl-lors-red-900:#310206;--nypl-lors-orange-50:#FDF1E7;--nypl-lors-orange-100:#F9D8BD;--nypl-lors-orange-200:#F6BF93;--nypl-lors-orange-300:#F2A769;--nypl-lors-orange-400:#EF8E3E;--nypl-lors-orange-500:#EB7514;--nypl-lors-orange-600:#BC5E10;--nypl-lors-orange-700:#8D460C;--nypl-lors-orange-800:#5E2F08;--nypl-lors-orange-900:#2F1704;--nypl-lors-yellow-50:#FEF8E7;--nypl-lors-yellow-100:#FBECBB;--nypl-lors-yellow-200:#F9E090;--nypl-lors-yellow-300:#F7D464;--nypl-lors-yellow-400:#F4C938;--nypl-lors-yellow-500:#F2BD0D;--nypl-lors-yellow-600:#C2970A;--nypl-lors-yellow-700:#917108;--nypl-lors-yellow-800:#614B05;--nypl-lors-yellow-900:#302603;--nypl-lors-green-50:#E7FEEB;--nypl-lors-green-100:#BCFBC6;--nypl-lors-green-200:#90F8A1;--nypl-lors-green-300:#65F67C;--nypl-lors-green-400:#3AF357;--nypl-lors-green-500:#0EF133;--nypl-lors-green-600:#0BC128;--nypl-lors-green-700:#08911E;--nypl-lors-green-800:#066014;--nypl-lors-green-900:#03300A;--nypl-lors-teal-50:#E6FFFA;--nypl-lors-teal-100:#B2F5EA;--nypl-lors-teal-200:#81E6D9;--nypl-lors-teal-300:#4FD1C5;--nypl-lors-teal-400:#38B2AC;--nypl-lors-teal-500:#319795;--nypl-lors-teal-600:#2C7A7B;--nypl-lors-teal-700:#285E61;--nypl-lors-teal-800:#234E52;--nypl-lors-teal-900:#1D4044;--nypl-lors-blue-50:#E6F3FE;--nypl-lors-blue-100:#B9DFFD;--nypl-lors-blue-200:#8CCAFC;--nypl-lors-blue-300:#60B5FB;--nypl-lors-blue-400:#33A0FA;--nypl-lors-blue-500:#068BF9;--nypl-lors-blue-600:#056FC7;--nypl-lors-blue-700:#045495;--nypl-lors-blue-800:#023864;--nypl-lors-blue-900:#011C32;--nypl-lors-cyan-50:#EDFDFD;--nypl-lors-cyan-100:#C4F1F9;--nypl-lors-cyan-200:#9DECF9;--nypl-lors-cyan-300:#76E4F7;--nypl-lors-cyan-400:#0BC5EA;--nypl-lors-cyan-500:#00B5D8;--nypl-lors-cyan-600:#00A3C4;--nypl-lors-cyan-700:#0987A0;--nypl-lors-cyan-800:#086F83;--nypl-lors-cyan-900:#065666;--nypl-lors-purple-50:#FAF5FF;--nypl-lors-purple-100:#E9D8FD;--nypl-lors-purple-200:#D6BCFA;--nypl-lors-purple-300:#B794F4;--nypl-lors-purple-400:#9F7AEA;--nypl-lors-purple-500:#805AD5;--nypl-lors-purple-600:#6B46C1;--nypl-lors-purple-700:#553C9A;--nypl-lors-purple-800:#44337A;--nypl-lors-purple-900:#322659;--nypl-lors-pk-50:#FFF5F7;--nypl-lors-pk-100:#FED7E2;--nypl-lors-pk-200:#FBB6CE;--nypl-lors-pk-300:#F687B3;--nypl-lors-pk-400:#ED64A6;--nypl-lors-pk-500:#D53F8C;--nypl-lors-pk-600:#B83280;--nypl-lors-pk-700:#97266D;--nypl-lors-pk-800:#702459;--nypl-lors-pk-900:#521B41;--nypl-lors-lked-50:#E8F4F9;--nypl-lors-lked-100:#CFEDFB;--nypl-lors-lked-200:#9BDAF3;--nypl-lors-lked-300:#68C7EC;--nypl-lors-lked-400:#34B3E4;--nypl-lors-lked-500:#00A0DC;--nypl-lors-lked-600:#008CC9;--nypl-lors-lked-700:#0077B5;--nypl-lors-lked-800:#005E93;--nypl-lors-lked-900:#004471;--nypl-lors-facebook-50:#E8F4F9;--nypl-lors-facebook-100:#D9DEE9;--nypl-lors-facebook-200:#B7C2DA;--nypl-lors-facebook-300:#6482C0;--nypl-lors-facebook-400:#4267B2;--nypl-lors-facebook-500:#385898;--nypl-lors-facebook-600:#314E89;--nypl-lors-facebook-700:#29487D;--nypl-lors-facebook-800:#223B67;--nypl-lors-facebook-900:#1E355B;--nypl-lors-msenger-50:#D0E6FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-100:#B9DAFF;--nypl-lors-msenger-200:#A2CDFF;--nypl-lors-msenger-300:#7AB8FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-400:#2E90FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-500:#0078FF;--nypl-lors-msenger-600:#0063D1;--nypl-lors-msenger-700:#0052AC;--nypl-lors-msenger-800:#003C7E;--nypl-lors-msenger-900:#002C5C;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-50:#dffeec;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-100:#b9f5d0;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-200:#90edb3;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-300:#65e495;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-400:#3cdd78;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-500:#22c35e;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-600:#179848;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-700:#0c6c33;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-800:#01421c;--nypl-lors-whatsapp-900:#001803;--nypl-lors-twter-50:#E5F4FD;--nypl-lors-twter-100:#C8E9FB;--nypl-lors-twter-200:#A8DCFA;--nypl-lors-twter-300:#83CDF7;--nypl-lors-twter-400:#57BBF5;--nypl-lors-twter-500:#1DA1F2;--nypl-lors-twter-600:#1A94DA;--nypl-lors-twter-700:#1681BF;--nypl-lors-twter-800:#136B9E;--nypl-lors-twter-900:#0D4D71;--nypl-lors-telegram-50:#E3F2F9;--nypl-lors-telegram-100:#C5E4F3;--nypl-lors-telegram-200:#A2D4EC;--nypl-lors-telegram-300:#7AC1E4;--nypl-lors-telegram-400:#47A9DA;--nypl-lors-telegram-500:#0088CC;--nypl-lors-telegram-600:#007AB8;--nypl-lors-telegram-700:#006BA1;--nypl-lors-telegram-800:#005885;--nypl-lors-telegram-900:#003F5E;--nypl-lors-ui-black:#000;--nypl-lors-ui-whe:#fff;--nypl-lors-ui-disabled-primary:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-ui-disabled-sendary:#FAFAFA;--nypl-lors-ui-error-primary:#97272C;--nypl-lors-ui-error-sendary:#6F0106;--nypl-lors-ui-foc:#4181F1;--nypl-lors-ui-lk-primary:#0576D3;--nypl-lors-ui-lk-sendary:#004B98;--nypl-lors-ui-stat-primary:#F9E08E;--nypl-lors-ui-stat-sendary:#FBE7E1;--nypl-lors-ui-succs-primary:#077719;--nypl-lors-ui-succs-sendary:#095212;--nypl-lors-ui-tt:#FF6347;--nypl-lors-ui-warng-primary:#F0974E;--nypl-lors-ui-warng-sendary:#EC7B1F;--nypl-lors-ui-bg-flt:#F5F5F5;--nypl-lors-ui-bg-hover:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-ui-bg-active:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-ui-borr-flt:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-ui-borr-hover:#616161;--nypl-lors-ui-typography-headg:#000;--nypl-lors-ui-typography-body:#000;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xxxx-dark:#121212;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xxx-dark:#191919;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xx-dark:#212121;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-dark:#424242;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-dark:#616161;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-medium:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-light-ol:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-light-ol:#F5F5F5;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-xx-light-ol:#FAFAFA;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-light-warm:#EFEDEB;--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-light-warm:#F8F8F7;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-disabled-primary:#424242;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-disabled-sendary:#212121;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-error-primary:#E1454C;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-error-sendary:#F67C82;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-foc:#5181D4;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-lk-primary:#2085D8;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-lk-sendary:#50A0E1;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-stat-primary:#6F6544;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-stat-sendary:#6F6765;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-succs-primary:#0E3B15;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-succs-sendary:#0F2912;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-tt:#592B22;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-warng-primary:#493320;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-warng-sendary:#482C15;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-page:#121212;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-flt:#191919;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-hover:#212121;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-bg-active:#424242;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-borr-flt:#424242;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-borr-hover:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-typography-headg:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-dark-ui-typography-body:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-brand-primary:#C60917;--nypl-lors-brand-sendary:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-blogs-primary:#E9E9E9;--nypl-lors-sectn-blogs-sendary:#BDBDBD;--nypl-lors-sectn-books-and-more-primary:#C60917;--nypl-lors-sectn-books-and-more-sendary:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-tn-primary:#1D62E6;--nypl-lors-sectn-tn-sendary:#2540A4;--nypl-lors-sectn-lotns-primary:#C60917;--nypl-lors-sectn-lotns-sendary:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-primary:#00838A;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-sendary:#006166;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-library-lpa:#005D53;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-library-schomburg:#A03E31;--nypl-lors-sectn-rearch-library-schwartzman:#760000;--nypl-lors-sectn-whats-on-primary:#242424;--nypl-lors-sectn-whats-on-sendary:#000;--nypl-borrs-none:0;--nypl-borrs-1px:1px solid;--nypl-borrs-2px:2px solid;--nypl-borrs-4px:4px solid;--nypl-borrs-8px:8px solid;--nypl-fonts-headg:-apple-system,BlkMacSystemFont,system-ui,sans-serif;--nypl-fonts-body:-apple-system,BlkMacSystemFont,system-ui,sans-serif;--nypl-fonts-mono:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Mona,Consolas,"Liberatn Mono","Courier New",monospace;--nypl-fontSiz-0:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-1:1.125rem;--nypl-fontSiz-2:1.375rem;--nypl-fontSiz-3:1.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-4:2.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-xs:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-sm:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-md:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-lg:1.125rem;--nypl-fontSiz-xl:1.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-2xl:1.5rem;--nypl-fontSiz-3xl:1.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-4xl:2.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-5xl:3rem;--nypl-fontSiz-6xl:3.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-7xl:4.5rem;--nypl-fontSiz-8xl:6rem;--nypl-fontSiz-9xl:8rem;--nypl-fontSiz--3:0.625rem;--nypl-fontSiz--2:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz--1:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-breadcmbs-flt:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-button-small:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-button-flt:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-button-large:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-primary:2.25rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-sendary:1.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-tertiary:1.375rem;--nypl-fontSiz-headg-llout:1.125rem;--nypl-fontSiz-helper-flt:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-label-flt:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-label-sendary:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-flt:1rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-ptn:0.875rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-tag:0.75rem;--nypl-fontSiz-text-mi:0.625rem;--nypl-fontWeights-hairle:100;--nypl-fontWeights-th:200;--nypl-fontWeights-light:300;--nypl-fontWeights-normal:400;--nypl-fontWeights-medium:500;--nypl-fontWeights-semibold:600;--nypl-fontWeights-bold:700;--nypl-fontWeights-extrabold:800;--nypl-fontWeights-black:900;--nypl-fontWeights-regular:400;--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-flt:400;--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-lastChild:700;--nypl-fontWeights-button-flt:400;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-primary:300;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-sendary:500;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-tertiary:500;--nypl-fontWeights-headg-llout:500;--nypl-fontWeights-helper-flt:300;--nypl-fontWeights-label-flt:500;--nypl-fontWeights-label-sendary:400;--nypl-fontWeights-text-flt:300;--nypl-fontWeights-text-ptn:300;--nypl-fontWeights-text-tag:400;--nypl-fontWeights-text-mi:400;--nypl-letterSpacgs-tighter:-0.05em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-tight:-0.025em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-normal:0;--nypl-letterSpacgs-wi:0.025em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-wir:0.05em;--nypl-letterSpacgs-wist:0.1em;--nypl-leHeights-3:.75rem;--nypl-leHeights-4:1rem;--nypl-leHeights-5:1.25rem;--nypl-leHeights-6:1.5rem;--nypl-leHeights-7:1.75rem;--nypl-leHeights-8:2rem;--nypl-leHeights-9:2.25rem;--nypl-leHeights-10:2.5rem;--nypl-leHeights-normal:normal;--nypl-leHeights-none:1;--nypl-leHeights-shorter:1.25;--nypl-leHeights-short:1.375;--nypl-leHeights-base:1.5;--nypl-leHeights-tall:1.625;--nypl-leHeights-taller:2;--nypl-radii-none:0;--nypl-radii-sm:0.125rem;--nypl-radii-base:0.25rem;--nypl-radii-md:0.375rem;--nypl-radii-lg:0.5rem;--nypl-radii-xl:0.75rem;--nypl-radii-2xl:1rem;--nypl-radii-3xl:1.5rem;--nypl-radii-full:9999px;--nypl-radii-button-flt:2px;--nypl-radii-button-pill:20px;--nypl-radii-checkbox:3px;--nypl-radii-hearDonate:.25rem;--nypl-radii-pill:20px;--nypl-radii-round:100%;--nypl-space-0:0;--nypl-space-1:0.25rem;--nypl-space-2:0.5rem;--nypl-space-3:0.75rem;--nypl-space-4:1rem;--nypl-space-5:1.25rem;--nypl-space-6:1.5rem;--nypl-space-7:1.75rem;--nypl-space-8:2rem;--nypl-space-9:2.25rem;--nypl-space-10:2.5rem;--nypl-space-12:3rem;--nypl-space-14:3.5rem;--nypl-space-16:4rem;--nypl-space-20:5rem;--nypl-space-24:6rem;--nypl-space-28:7rem;--nypl-space-32:8rem;--nypl-space-36:9rem;--nypl-space-40:10rem;--nypl-space-44:11rem;--nypl-space-48:12rem;--nypl-space-52:13rem;--nypl-space-56:14rem;--nypl-space-60:15rem;--nypl-space-64:16rem;--nypl-space-72:18rem;--nypl-space-80:20rem;--nypl-space-96:24rem;--nypl-space-px:1px;--nypl-space-0-5:0.125rem;--nypl-space-1-5:0.375rem;--nypl-space-2-5:0.625rem;--nypl-space-3-5:0.875rem;--nypl-space-xxxs:0.125rem;--nypl-space-xxs:0.25rem;--nypl-space-xs:0.5rem;--nypl-space-s:1rem;--nypl-space-m:1.5rem;--nypl-space-l:2rem;--nypl-space-xl:3rem;--nypl-space-xxl:4rem;--nypl-space-xxxl:6rem;--nypl-space-button-small-px:0.5rem;--nypl-space-button-small-py:0.25rem;--nypl-space-button-medium-px:1rem;--nypl-space-button-medium-py:0.5rem;--nypl-space-button-large-px:2rem;--nypl-space-button-large-py:1rem;--nypl-space-put-group-button-hstack:0.5rem;--nypl-space-put-group-button-vstack:0.5rem;--nypl-space-put-group-flt-hstack:2rem;--nypl-space-put-group-flt-vstack:1rem;--nypl-space-set-flt:1rem;--nypl-space-set-extranarrow:0.25rem;--nypl-space-set-extrawi:3rem;--nypl-space-set-narrow:0.5rem;--nypl-space-set-wi:2rem;--nypl-space-grid-flt:2rem;--nypl-space-grid-xxs:0.25rem;--nypl-space-grid-xs:0.5rem;--nypl-space-grid-s:1rem;--nypl-space-grid-m:1.5rem;--nypl-space-grid-l:2rem;--nypl-space-grid-xl:3rem;--nypl-space-grid-xxl:4rem;--nypl-space-page-hstack:2rem;--nypl-space-page-vstack:2rem;--nypl-space-table-lumn:1.5rem;--nypl-space-table-row:2rem;--nypl-shadows-xs:0 0 0 1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--nypl-shadows-sm:0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--nypl-shadows-base:0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);--nypl-shadows-md:0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);--nypl-shadows-lg:0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);--nypl-shadows-xl:0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1),0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);--nypl-shadows-2xl:0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);--nypl-shadows-outle:none;--nypl-shadows-ner:set 0 2px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.06);--nypl-shadows-none:none;--nypl-shadows-dark-lg:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1) 0px 0px 0px 1px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 5px 10px,rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 0px 15px 40px;--nypl-siz-1:0.25rem;--nypl-siz-2:0.5rem;--nypl-siz-3:0.75rem;--nypl-siz-4:1rem;--nypl-siz-5:1.25rem;--nypl-siz-6:1.5rem;--nypl-siz-7:1.75rem;--nypl-siz-8:2rem;--nypl-siz-9:2.25rem;--nypl-siz-10:2.5rem;--nypl-siz-12:3rem;--nypl-siz-14:3.5rem;--nypl-siz-16:4rem;--nypl-siz-20:5rem;--nypl-siz-24:6rem;--nypl-siz-28:7rem;--nypl-siz-32:8rem;--nypl-siz-36:9rem;--nypl-siz-40:10rem;--nypl-siz-44:11rem;--nypl-siz-48:12rem;--nypl-siz-52:13rem;--nypl-siz-56:14rem;--nypl-siz-60:15rem;--nypl-siz-64:16rem;--nypl-siz-72:18rem;--nypl-siz-80:20rem;--nypl-siz-96:24rem;--nypl-siz-px:1px;--nypl-siz-0-5:0.125rem;--nypl-siz-1-5:0.375rem;--nypl-siz-2-5:0.625rem;--nypl-siz-3-5:0.875rem;--nypl-siz-max:max-ntent;--nypl-siz-m:m-ntent;--nypl-siz-full:100%;--nypl-siz-3xs:14rem;--nypl-siz-2xs:16rem;--nypl-siz-xs:20rem;--nypl-siz-sm:24rem;--nypl-siz-md:28rem;--nypl-siz-lg:32rem;--nypl-siz-xl:36rem;--nypl-siz-2xl:42rem;--nypl-siz-3xl:48rem;--nypl-siz-4xl:56rem;--nypl-siz-5xl:64rem;--nypl-siz-6xl:72rem;--nypl-siz-7xl:80rem;--nypl-siz-8xl:90rem;--nypl-siz-ntaer-sm:640px;--nypl-siz-ntaer-md:768px;--nypl-siz-ntaer-lg:1024px;--nypl-siz-ntaer-xl:1280px;--nypl-zIndic-hi:-1;--nypl-zIndic-to:to;--nypl-zIndic-base:0;--nypl-zIndic-docked:10;--nypl-zIndic-dropdown:1000;--nypl-zIndic-sticky:1100;--nypl-zIndic-banner:1200;--nypl-zIndic-overlay:1300;--nypl-zIndic-modal:1400;--nypl-zIndic-popover:1500;--nypl-zIndic-skipLk:1600;--nypl-zIndic-toast:1700;--nypl-zIndic-tooltip:1800;--nypl-transn-property-mon:background-lor,borr-lor,lor,fill,stroke,opacy,box-shadow,transform;--nypl-transn-property-lors:background-lor,borr-lor,lor,fill,stroke;--nypl-transn-property-dimensns:width,height;--nypl-transn-property-posn:left,right,top,bottom;--nypl-transn-property-background:background-lor,background-image,background-posn;--nypl-transn-easg-ease-:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 1, 1);--nypl-transn-easg-ease-out:cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1);--nypl-transn-easg-ease--out:cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);--nypl-transn-duratn-ultra-fast:50ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-faster:100ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-fast:150ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-normal:200ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-slow:300ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-slower:400ms;--nypl-transn-duratn-ultra-slow:500ms;--nypl-blur-none:0;--nypl-blur-sm:4px;--nypl-blur-base:8px;--nypl-blur-md:12px;--nypl-blur-lg:16px;--nypl-blur-xl:24px;--nypl-blur-2xl:40px;--nypl-blur-3xl:64px;}</style><style data-emotn="css-global 1jqlf9g">html{le-height:1.5;-webk-text-size-adjt:100%;font-fay:system-ui,sans-serif;-webk-font-smoothg:antialiased;text-renrg:optimizeLegibily;-moz-osx-font-smoothg:graysle;touch-actn:manipulatn;}body{posn:relative;m-height:100%;font-feature-settgs:'kern';}*,*::before,*::after{borr-width:0;borr-style:solid;box-sizg:borr-box;}ma{display:block;}hr{borr-top-width:1px;box-sizg:ntent-box;height:0;overflow:visible;}pre,,kbd,samp{font-fay:SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Mona,Consolas,monospace;font-size:1em;}a{background-lor:transparent;lor:her;-webk-text-ratn:her;text-ratn:her;}abbr[tle]{borr-bottom:none;-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;-webk-text-ratn:unrle dotted;-webk-text-ratn:unrle dotted;text-ratn:unrle dotted;}b,strong{font-weight:bold;}small{font-size:80%;}sub,sup{font-size:75%;le-height:0;posn:relative;vertil-align:basele;}sub{bottom:-0.25em;}sup{top:-0.5em;}img{borr-style:none;}button,put,optgroup,select,textarea{font-fay:her;font-size:100%;le-height:1.15;marg:0;}button,put{overflow:visible;}button,select{text-transform:none;}button::-moz-foc-ner,[type="button"]::-moz-foc-ner,[type="ret"]::-moz-foc-ner,[type="subm"]::-moz-foc-ner{borr-style:none;paddg:0;}fieldset{paddg:0.35em 0.75em 0.625em;}legend{box-sizg:borr-box;lor:her;display:table;max-width:100%;paddg:0;whe-space:normal;}progrs{vertil-align:basele;}textarea{overflow:to;}[type="checkbox"],[type="rad"]{box-sizg:borr-box;paddg:0;}[type="number"]::-webk-ner-sp-button,[type="number"]::-webk-outer-sp-button{-webk-appearance:none!important;}put[type="number"]{-moz-appearance:textfield;}[type="search"]{-webk-appearance:textfield;outle-offset:-2px;}[type="search"]::-webk-search-ratn{-webk-appearance:none!important;}::-webk-file-upload-button{-webk-appearance:button;font:her;}tails{display:block;}summary{display:-webk-box;display:-webk-list-em;display:-ms-list-embox;display:list-em;}template{display:none;}[hidn]{display:none!important;}body,blockquote,dl,dd,h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,hr,figure,p,pre{marg:0;}button{background:transparent;paddg:0;}fieldset{marg:0;paddg:0;}ol,ul{marg:0;paddg:0;}textarea{rize:vertil;}button,[role="button"]{cursor:poter;}button::-moz-foc-ner{borr:0!important;}table{borr-llapse:llapse;}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-size:her;font-weight:her;}button,put,optgroup,select,textarea{paddg:0;le-height:her;lor:her;}img,svg,vio,nvas,d,iame,embed,object{display:block;}img,vio{max-width:100%;height:to;}[data-js-foc-visible] :foc:not([data-foc-visible-add]){outle:none;box-shadow:none;}select::-ms-expand{display:none;}</style><style data-emotn="css-global 5zkb0r">body{font-fay:var(--nypl-fonts-body);lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);background:var(--nypl-lors-ui-whe);transn-property:background-lor;transn-duratn:var(--nypl-transn-duratn-normal);le-height:1.5;box-sizg:borr-box;font-size:var(--nypl-fontSiz-text-flt);font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-text-flt);overflow-x:hidn;}*::-webk-put-placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*::-moz-placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*:-ms-put-placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*::placeholr{lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-400);}*,*::before,::after{borr-lor:var(--nypl-lors-gray-200);word-wrap:break-word;box-sizg:her;}a{lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-lk-primary);}svg{display:le;}button:not([disabled]):foc,select:not([disabled]):foc,put:not([disabled]):foc,textarea:not([disabled]):foc,button:not([disabled])[data-foc],select:not([disabled])[data-foc],put:not([disabled])[data-foc],textarea:not([disabled])[data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-none);outle:2px solid;outle-offset:2px;outle-lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-foc);z-x:9999;}iame:foc,[href]:foc,[tabx]:foc,[ntentEdable='te']:foc,iame[data-foc],[href][data-foc],[tabx][data-foc],[ntentEdable='te'][data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-none);outle:2px solid;outle-offset:2px;outle-lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-foc);z-x:9999;}p{marg:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-s);}ul{marg:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-s);}ol{marg:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-s);}</style><style data-emotn="css vgnwcd">{background:var(--nypl-lors-sectn-blogs-sendary);lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);font-size:var(--nypl-fontSiz-breadcmbs-flt);font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-flt);paddg-bottom:var(--nypl-space-xs);paddg-top:var(--nypl-space-xs);} lk{transn-property:var(--nypl-transn-property-mon);transn-duratn:var(--nypl-transn-duratn-fast);transn-timg-functn:var(--nypl-transn-easg-ease-out);cursor:poter;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;outle:2px solid transparent;outle-offset:2px;lor:her;} lk:hover, lk[data-hover]{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;} lk:foc, lk[data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-outle);} ol{-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;display:-webk-box;display:-webk-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;marg:to;max-width:1280px;-webk-paddg-start:var(--nypl-space-s);paddg-le-start:var(--nypl-space-s);-webk-paddg-end:var(--nypl-space-s);paddg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-s);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ ol{-webk-align-ems:unset;-webk-box-align:unset;-ms-flex-align:unset;align-ems:unset;display:block;}} a:hover, a[data-hover]{lor:var(--nypl-lors-ui-gray-x-dark);} li:last-child{font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-flt);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:last-child{font-weight:var(--nypl-fontWeights-breadcmbs-lastChild);}} li:last-child , li:last-child [data-hover]{cursor:flt;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;} li:last-child {display:none;} li:not(:last-child){display:none;}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:not(:last-child){display:le-block;}} li:not(:last-child) a{-webk-marg-end:var(--nypl-space-xs);marg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-xs);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:not(:last-child) a{-webk-marg-end:var(--nypl-space-0);marg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-0);}} li:not(:last-child) {display:le;}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:not(:last-child) {display:none;}} li:not(:last-child) span:not(.breadcmb-label){-webk-marg-end:var(--nypl-space-xxs);marg-le-end:var(--nypl-space-xxs);-webk-marg-start:var(--nypl-space-xxs);marg-le-start:var(--nypl-space-xxs);} li:nth-last-of-type(2){display:le-block;} li:nth-last-of-type(2) span{display:none;}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){ li:nth-last-of-type(2) span{display:le;}} svg{fill:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);}</style><nav aria-label="Breadcmb" class="chakra-breadcmb css-vgnwcd"><ol class="chakra-breadcmb__list css-0"><style data-emotn="css 18biwo">{display:-webk-le-box;display:-webk-le-flex;display:-ms-le-flexbox;display:le-flex;-webk-align-ems:center;-webk-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-ems:center;}</style><li class="chakra-breadcmb__list-em css-18biwo"><style data-emotn="css 1prjeyc">{transn-property:var(--nypl-transn-property-mon);transn-duratn:var(--nypl-transn-duratn-fast);transn-timg-functn:var(--nypl-transn-easg-ease-out);cursor:poter;-webk-text-ratn:none;text-ratn:none;outle:2px solid transparent;outle-offset:2px;lor:her;},[data-hover]{-webk-text-ratn:unrle;text-ratn:unrle;},[data-foc]{box-shadow:var(--nypl-shadows-outle);}</style><a href=" class="chakra-breadcmb__lk css-1prjeyc"><span class="breadcmb-label">Home</span></a><style data-emotn="css t4q1nq">{-webk-marg-start:0.5rem;marg-le-start:0.5rem;-webk-marg-end:0.5rem;marg-le-end:0.5rem;}</style><span role="prentatn" class="css-t4q1nq">/</span></li><li class="chakra-breadcmb__list-em css-18biwo"><a href=" class="chakra-breadcmb__lk css-1prjeyc"><style data-emotn="css bmpw93">{width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem;le-height:1em;-webk-flex-shrk:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrk:0;lor:currentColor;fill:var(--nypl-lors-ui-whe);-webk-transform:rotate(90g);-moz-transform:rotate(90g);-ms-transform:rotate(90g);transform:rotate(90g);}@media screen and (m-width: 38em){{display:none;}} svg{display:le-block;fill:var(--nypl-lors-ui-black);width:0.875rem;height:0.875rem;-webk-transform:rotate(90g);-moz-transform:rotate(90g);-ms-transform:rotate(90g);transform:rotate(90g);}</style><svg viewBox="0 0 24 14" xmlns=" role="img" focable="false" class="chakra-in breadcmbs-in css-bmpw93" aria-hidn="te" id="unfed__backarrow"><tle>arrow in .

TOP