The Relatnship between Masculy and Internalized Homophobia amongst Atralian Gay Men - PMC

Contents:

• GAY AND STRAIGHT MEN PREFER MASCULE-PRENTG GAY MEN FOR A HIGH-STAT ROLE: EVINCE FROM AN ELOGILLY VALID EXPERIMENT
• IN CHANGG AMERI, GAY MASCULY HAS 'MANY DIFFERENT SHAS'
• "STRAIGHT-ACTG GAYS": THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN MASCULE NSCNS, ANTI-EFFEMACY, AND NEGATIVE GAY INTY
• IT’S A MAN’S WORLD: A QUALATIVE STUDY OF GENR AND SEXUALY AMONGST ATRALIAN GAY MEN
• THE WAYS GAY MEN ARE MORE MASCULE THAN THEY REALIZE
• TAKG OFF THE ‘MASC’: HOW GAY-INTIFYG MEN PERCEIVE AND NAVIGATE HYPER-MASCULY AND “MASCG” CULTURE ONLE
• WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT TOXIC GAY MASCULY
• GAY STEREOTYP: ARE THEY TE?
• REPORTED EFFECTS OF MASCULE IALS ON GAY MEN
• THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN MASCULY AND INTERNALIZED HOMOPHOBIA AMONGST ATRALIAN GAY MEN
• ‘BROS’ STAR LE MACFARLANE TALKS MASCULY AND GAY INTY
• GAY MEN DISCRIMATE AGAST FEME GAY MEN, NEW STUDY FDS
• PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS
• QUEERG JOHN WAYNEWAS HE ‘MASCULE’—OR ACTG?JONATHAN POLETTI·FOLLOWPUBLISHED ???????????·10 M READ·JUL 6, 2021--9SHAREWHAT DO PEOPLE MEAN BY THE WORD “MASCULE” — AND WHY IS JOHN WAYNE IS SO OFTEN ASSOCIATED WH THIS TRA? THE HOLLYWOOD ACTOR WASN’T EVEN NAMED ‘JOHN WAYNE’.HE WAS MARN MORRISON, LLED ‘DE’. HE WAS A CHS-PLAYER, A DANCER, A B FEMME HIS BEARG. HE WAS AN ACTOR WHO PLAYED A PART OF A WBOY LARGELY CREATED BY JOHN FORD, A CLOSETED GAY DIRECTOR OM MAE.HE’S KNOWN AS AN IN OF “MASCULY.”MANY SEEM NOT TO KNOW WAS AN ILLN, MERE MOVIEMAKG. WE N FOLLOW A YOUNG ‘DE’ WHO GREW UP SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—AN ATHLETE, PLAYG FOOTBALL, SURFG.IS HE ULTRA-MASCULE?HIS LOOKS N CHANGE VERY UNEXPECTEDLY.THIS SEEMS TO BE A MAN WHO SANK TO THE ROL HE PLAYED, A SHAPE-SHIFTG BEG, A CHAMELEON. AN ACTOR.DE MORRISON WAS A DANCER.IN A 1997 STUDY, JOHN WAYNE’S AMERI, GARRY WILLS LGERS ON THIS POT, AND C A FEW UNEXPECTED FACTS. NOTG HIS SMALL FEET, KATHARE HEPBURN SPOKE OF THE “DANCER’S STEPS HE TOOK WH THEM.” A WOMAN WHO KNEW WAYNE PARED HIM TO NUREYEV, THE GREAT (GAY) BALLET DANCER.RICHARD WIDMARK RELLED THE ACTOR JOHN WAYNE TELLG HIM ON THE SET OF THE ALAMO: “GODDAMM, BE GRACEFUL — LIKE ME!”IT MIGHT NOT BE AN EFFECT THE DIENCE WOULD PROCS. BUT AS MUCH AS NUREYEV ON STAGE, ‘JOHN WAYNE’ WAS A LEAPG FIGURE OUT OF A DREAM.RICHARD AVEDON PHOTOGRAPHS RUDOLF NUREYEV 1961; JOHN WAYNE ADVENTURE COMIC (FEBARY 1952)THE MERA WAS EVER WORKG TO BUTCH HIM UP.
• A HANDY GUI TO ALL GAY MEN
• RTORG THREATENED MASCULY: THE APPEAL OF SEXIST AND ANTI-GAY HUMOR
• GAY MEN'S GUI

GAY AND STRAIGHT MEN PREFER MASCULE-PRENTG GAY MEN FOR A HIGH-STAT ROLE: EVINCE FROM AN ELOGILLY VALID EXPERIMENT

This associatn between masculy and stat endowment has plex implitns for gay men, given the prevailg stereotype that they are more feme pared to heterosexual men (Ke & Dx, 1987; Lippa, 2000; Mchell & Ellis, 2011; Sanchez et al., 2009) Men and the Feme StereotypeSuch a stereotype reflects, to some extent, average differenc genr-typily between gay and heterosexual men.

IN CHANGG AMERI, GAY MASCULY HAS 'MANY DIFFERENT SHAS'

Such a nnectn suggts that the extent to which gay men ternalise societal stigma about beg gay may fluence their treatment of dividuals who posss stigmatised is a nsirable lerature monstratg that gay men discrimate agast more feme gay mal beyond the romantic ntext (Brooks et al., 2017; Ravenhill & Visser, 2019; Sánchez & Vila, 2012; Taywadep, 2002). Demonstratg that gay men are as likely to discrimate agast feme gay men as heterosexuals would ntribute to the emergg awarens of tramory prejudice as an area of ncern for the gay Current StudyThe aim of this study is to explore whether a relatively feme-prentatn negatively impacts stat attament for gay men g a more elogilly valid methodology that allows meangful parisons of the reactns of gay and heterosexual men. The average of each participant’s three rpons were lculated to create their Internalised Homonegativy Attus (Heterosexual Participants Only)To measure anti-gay attus we ployed an adapted 6-em versn of the Morn Homonegativy Sle (MHS; Morrison & Morrison, 2002), as ed by Morton (2017), to exclively asss ntemporary negative attus toward gay men.

195], that we predicted higher ternalised homonegativy levels would be associated wh a lower likelihood of votg for a feme gay exploratory logistic regrsn analysis was unrtaken to exame if morn sexism predicted ls likelihood of choosg a feme gay male (over a mascule gay male) actor, and if this effect was morated by each participant’s sexual orientatn.

The fdg that stronger anti-gay negativy predicted preference for the mascule-prentg actor amongst heterosexual men also replit prev studi (Morton, 2017; Pellegri et al., 2020), offerg further evince for the nnectn between feme-prentatn among gay men and the creased risk of stat-penalti om dividuals who harbour anti-gay attus, even unr circumstanc of affirmative actn (i. (2021a) found that stronger ternalised anti-gay sentiment predicted masculy-bias – le wh the proposn that the more shame one feels about their sexualy, the ls likely they will want to be reprented by a fellow group-member who perpetuat negative the current study, however, a preference for mascule-prentg actors amongst gay participants was not signifintly predicted by levels of ternalised anti-gay sentiment.

"STRAIGHT-ACTG GAYS": THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN MASCULE NSCNS, ANTI-EFFEMACY, AND NEGATIVE GAY INTY

However, future studi uld vtigate how masculy and attractivens teract ntributg to stat attament for gay male targets, pecially to terme whether attractivens is protective agast stat-penalti for feme-prentg gay sign of the current study did not allow for direct asssments of the unrlyg reasons for a masculy bias to avoid raisg participants’ spicn, but future rearch wh a different sign may benef om tappg such reasons more directly. The current study’s fdgs further highlight how this ntemporary shift attus toward learship and stat ntu to reprent a tensn for feme-prentg gay men who have been stereotypilly perceived as ‘warm’ but not ‘petent’ pared to mascule-prentg gay men (Clsell & Fiske, 2005) current study is also among the first to show that gay men themselv are plic stat-penalti agast feme-prentg members of their own muny. As such, is imperative that the role of genr norms (specifilly, masculy) on non-heteronormative dividuals’ experienc of genr and sexual inty be addrsed to alleviate mory strs, improve mental health, wellbeg, and qualy of life, and rce heteronormative gay men, homosexual masculy is often referred to as “straight-actg” masculy and is argued to be an emulatn of heteronormative masculy—and, arguably, heterosexualy [21, 22].

The social nstctn of masculy, therefore, generat a reified oxymoron out of the phras “homosexual male” and “gay man”, whereby both terms are perceived as direct opposns of each stra gay men may experience their efforts to be as heteronormatively mascule as possible, spe their homosexualy, is perpetuated by prejudice and discrimatn all areas of life that serve to ern socially acceptable exprsns of masculy.

Begng om the macro level of a gay man’s social elogy, heteronormative masculy permeat the psychology of how they perceive themselv, others, and the world and extends to the micro- and mo-systems that enforce heteronormative genr and sexual inti through teractns wh iends and fay members (microsystem), as well as strangers and lleagu (mosystem) [7, 19, 25, 29, 30, 31, 42].

IT’S A MAN’S WORLD: A QUALATIVE STUDY OF GENR AND SEXUALY AMONGST ATRALIAN GAY MEN

If you’re not popular or look a certa way or f to that kd of homogeno 2010 kd of gay scene, then you might feel a b sh about yourself so you rhape yourself to look and act a certa way so that you f ” (Fn, 33) the terviews, participants exprsed experiencg prcriptns and expectatns to enter more female-domated reers, speak, behave, and drs a certa way, as well as participate recreatnal activi emed appropriate and ngent wh their sexualy.

Gay petivens and the way we sometim build our own self-teem at the expense of others leads to cliqu and sub-groups based on body type or social stat; n flict feelgs of shame for those who are left out – for “femm” who aren’t “masc” enough, for those who fall short of the “A Gay” list, for those ma to feel that they are losers. When I saw that his Instagram feed was prised primarily of imag of mcular black men, I cled to follow him ’s attus are a microsm of many of the toxic behavrs enacted by whe gay cisgenr men: the adulatn of nventnal masculy and mculary, the rejectn of femy as unsirable, and the sexual objectifitn of black and Lato men due to their supposed exoticism and light of the #MeToo movement and the exposure of sexual vlence and misnduct Hollywood, the feral ernment, and society at large, much attentn has been directed towards the toxic behavrs exhibed by heterosexual men that ntribute to a culture which sexual vlence and misnduct thrive.

THE WAYS GAY MEN ARE MORE MASCULE THAN THEY REALIZE

Keywords: masculy, mory strs, uple-level strs, mental health, gay menPrev rearch has monstrated how mory strsors (Meyer 1995, 2003) affect the well-beg of sexual mory men, but current unrstandgs do not regnize how the men are vulnerable to uniquely strsful experienc related to their performanc of masculy wh the n-text of their timate relatnships.

The term straight-actg scrib gen-r-nformg tras and performanc— this se mascule on—stereotypilly lked to straight men, cludg appearance, drs, mannerisms, speech, and terts (Carpenter 2008; Payne 2007) men are straight-actg, they are primarily performg genr to intify themselv as “mascule” men and distguish themselv om “feme” men and men exprsg gay inti. A gay uple may be extra vigilant about their genr performanc bee beg out together may draw addnal terms of ncealment, monorg of one’s own and others’ behavrs means that gay men mt refully choose how they perform masculy and what terts and activi they publilly claim if those thgs prompt challeng or scty regardg their masculy om others.

TAKG OFF THE ‘MASC’: HOW GAY-INTIFYG MEN PERCEIVE AND NAVIGATE HYPER-MASCULY AND “MASCG” CULTURE ONLE

” Beg a same-sex relatnship mak ncealment more challengg and strsful regardls of how nvcg their genr performanc imply that they are straight bee beg together wh another gay man suggts one is ternalized homophobia, men, om an early age, learn that others n e the gay label to emasculate and femize other men simultaneoly as a performance of masculy (Pase 2005, 2011).

WE NEED TO TALK ABOUT TOXIC GAY MASCULY

Gay men might rent their partners or themselv if they are actg too “gay” or “straight, ” which n place stra on their this sectn, we have scribed the basic tes of existg theori about mory strs, intifyg a prevly unexamed source of mory strs that stems om performanc of masculy (at the dividual and uple levels), which has the potential to dimish their mental health. Although the studi support the role of mory strs and men’s health behavrs, they ignored the relatnal ntext, focg only on dividual-level experienc of participants’ masculy rather than uple level experienc of participants’ own and others’ masculy sum, prev rearch has shown that gay men face unique mory strsors when they are unable to fulfill mascule ials, which may affect their mental health (Fischgnd et al. METHODOLOGYParticipantsThe analys are based on qualative, dyadic data gathered om 120 men (60 upl, 120 partners) same-sex relatnships who self-intified as gay or queer participatg a larger study of mory strs among same-sex upl (cludg female and male upl) the greater Atlanta and San Francis Bay areas, as tailed elsewhere ( Vri et al.

Straight-actg had sulated them om dividual-level mory strsors, but beg a same-sex relatnship nullified the protective aspects of straight-actg and placed them at risk of uple-level mory (41, black) and Neville’s (53, black) narrative illtrat how gay men n pass, thereby avoidg stigma, but beg together publilly voids the protectn that straight-actg offers.

This ambiguy emerged when the li clerk tried to terme their relatnship based on their sexual athetic and prence I gus once you’re fe beg openly gay for a while, you tend to thk ’s wrten on your forehead, so when people don’t get or jt assume you’re straight you’re like, Oh yeah that’s right, I’m a straight world, fot about that.

GAY STEREOTYP: ARE THEY TE?

Osr: It was four gay It was four gay We’re out together— feels obv…No stranger did or said anythg but … gog to a rtrant … people statg, “I thk we look ubergay sometim, but apparently we fool people, ” Pl implied that they had a gay athetic, but was unnvcg bee others did not tomatilly assume they were gay, likely due to society’s heteronormativy. This fdg builds upon rearch on enactg masculy female-domated profsns such as nursg, where, agast the backdrop of femized labor, straight men might feel add prsur to enact hegemonic masculy by assertg a straight inty, thereby dismissg perceptns of femy associated wh beg gay (Snyr and Green 2008) sum, we found that men same-sex relatnships are more gnizant of their relatnships’ stigmatized stat when they observe other men’s genr performanc. 5 A Whole New World The Moment of Engagement Distancg The Environmental Movement Enunters wh Femism The Moment of Separatn The Annihilatn of Masculy The Moment of Conttatn 6 A Very Straight Gay The Moment of Engagement The Gra of Sand: Sexualy Beg Gay: Inty and Relatnships Relatns between Masculi Facg Change Gay Masculy as Project and History 7 Men of Reason Constctg Masculy Constctg Ratnaly Career and Workplace The Irratnal Reason and Change Part III History and Polics 8 The History of Masculy The Productn of Masculy the Formatn of the Morn Genr Orr Transformatns The Prent Moment 9 Masculy Polics Men's Polics and Masculy Polics Masculy Therapy The Gun Lobby: Defendg Hegemonic Masculy Gay Liberatn Ex Polics 10 Practice and Utopia Historil Conscns Purpos of Actn Degenrg and Reposg Forms of Actn Edutn Prospects Afterword: The Contemporary Polics of Masculy Men's Interts Contemporary Patriarchy 'Backlash' Polics Neoliberalism and Men's Interts The Problem of Vlence Masculy Polics on a World Sle Not Referenc Inx.

At tim, appears that the thor is sufferg om some sadistic form of Stockholm Syndrome where he fds some masochistic pleasure pleasg his opprsor; one who n do no wrong and would appear always to have tegry over any man who would intify as a man who has prevly intified wh both a heterosexual and homosexual inty be crystal clear as you progrs through the book, that the thor has not “done the work” to fully psychologilly evolve, and bee I have “done the work” I n see clearly where he prevly bowed out and where I and many other men have urageoly stayed the path – gettg past our own projectns of self-hate and by dog so are by his own fn one of the te characteristics of beg a man. Although the thor never specifilly stat this, Androphilia is but another form of a label of sexual inty and realy, nnot be obtaed through a group dynamic; one that gathers a set of men wh l and regulatns bee to do so would really bee nothg more than another group of men that would bee siar to those who intify as “gay” – separate of men themselv and then, what would be the pot?

Given the already known psychologil risks associated wh social isolatn, ternalized homophobia, and the poor mental health out associated wh sexual mory groups, is suggted that gay men who are experiencg high gre of ternalized homophobia should not be distancg themselv om other gay men but, nversely, seek a strong relatnship wh the LGBTI muny. Given the negative mental health out associated wh ternalized homophobia and the sparsy of rearch explicly examg the role and relatnship of mascule norms on ternalized homophobia, further vtigatn to intify the soc-elogil unrpngs of ternalized homophobia is warranted orr to better predict the salience and impact of ternalized homophobia among Atralian gay men across the elogy of their environment. Addnally, Atralian gay men tend not to value masculy very highly, as suggted by their sense of self-worth relatn to threats/boosts to further unrstand the salience of fluencers om an dividual’s macrosystem on the dividual, the study aimed to explore the gree to which gay men’s nformy and/or valuatn of hegemonic masculy predicted the gree of ternalized homophobia experienced.

REPORTED EFFECTS OF MASCULE IALS ON GAY MEN

Addnally, the rults suggt that the signifince of threats to gay men’s masculy are superr predictors of ternalized homophobia as pared to the signifince of boosts to their prent study’s rults not only suggt that dividuals who nform more to mascule norms tend to posss higher gre of ternalized homophobia than those who nform ls to mascule norms but also, by knowg how strongly an dividual adher to mascule norms, one may predict the gree of ternalized homophobia the said dividual harbors. Given the psychologil risks associated wh social isolatn, ternalized homophobia, and the poor mental health out associated wh sexual mory groups [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16], is suggted that, not only gay men but, LGBTI dividuals who are experiencg high gre of ternalized homophobia should not be distancg themselv om other LGBTI dividuals but, nversely, seek a strong relatnship wh map of a gay addn to masculy, analys revealed that age predicted ternalized homophobia, whereby olr gay men, as pared to their younger unterparts, tend to experience lower gre of ternalized homophobia.

THE RELATNSHIP BETWEEN MASCULY AND INTERNALIZED HOMOPHOBIA AMONGST ATRALIAN GAY MEN

Bee there is a arth of general rearch regardg this muny, and no studi to date that e quantative methods, we cid to explore this muny quantatively—g an Inter-nvenience sample, followed by a purposive suggted, the Bear culture exhibs and valu a greater sense of domant (but not necsarily domeerg) “thentic masculy” parison to other subcultur wh the gay muny (e. Consirg the likely prevalence of a Bear inty may be held (wh varyg tenaci) by about 14–22% of gay men, the rults provi addnal evince for the manift and latent heterogeney of gay and bisexual rults regardg body tras and partner selectn nfirm, for the first time a systematic manner, fdgs documented prev terview and ethnographic studi. Given the psychologil risks associated wh social isolatn, ternalized homophobia, and the poor mental health out associated wh sexual mory groups [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16], is suggted that, not only gay men but, LGBTI dividuals who are experiencg high gre of ternalized homophobia should not be distancg themselv om other LGBTI dividuals but, nversely, seek a strong relatnship wh addn to masculy, analys revealed that age predicted ternalized homophobia, whereby olr gay men, as pared to their younger unterparts, tend to experience lower gre of ternalized homophobia.

In terms of clil practice, this would suggt that parentg programs aimed at men should enpass a diversy of approach, such that they hold open the possibily that men will take up and utilize a diversy of unrstandgs of fatherhood their everyday practic raisg narrativ clud this chapter also suggt that while much may have changed wh regards to attus toward gay and/or transgenr parents, much still stays the same terms of how heterosexual cisgenr parenthood is treated as the norm agast which all other parents are pared. Relevant to the prent rearch, Kehily and Nayak (1997) found that young men a boardg school affirmed mascule social inti and tablished mascule group norms by exchangg sexist Prent RearchMen srg higher PMB rpond to masculy threats by exprsg prejudice agast women and gay men—two groups that symbolize the anthis of masculy— orr to reaffirm their masculy.

Next, participants pleted the new pennt measure, ratg the extent to which they believed their joke ratgs would help their manager form an accurate imprsn of them light of the feedback they received on the personaly Experiment 1, we predicted that the Threat ndn, PMB would posively rrelate wh humor ratgs for the sexist and anti-gay jok but not anti-Mlim or ntral jok (Hypothis 1). Therefore, we tted our hypoth by ntrastg the Sexist and Anti-Gay Joke ndns together to the Anti-Mlim and Ntral Joke ndns each pennt measure we nducted a regrsn analysis the Threat ndn that clud, as predictors, Type of Joke (Sexist and Anti-Gay, effect-d as 1 vers Anti-Mlim and Ntral, effect-d as −1), standardized PMB sr, and the PMB x Type of Joke teractn effect.

‘BROS’ STAR LE MACFARLANE TALKS MASCULY AND GAY INTY

Overall, when men experienced a threat to their masculy, the higher they sred prer manhood beliefs, the funnier they rated sexist and anti-gay jok, but not anti-Mlim jok or non-disparagg ntral 2The relatnship between prer manhood beliefs and (a) humor ratgs and (b) the gree to which participants believed their manager would form an accurate imprsn of them after providg humor ratgs for sexist and anti-gay jok (bed) or anti-Mlim and ntral jok (bed) the threat ndn, experiment 2Full size image.

It appears that showg amement wh sexist and anti-gay humor, men higher PMB n distance themselv om the tras they want to disnfirm is noteworthy that we did not fd a signifint ma effect of masculy threat on the pennt measur eher experiment, whereas other studi have shown that men, general, exhib fensive reactns rponse to masculy threats (Dahl et al. As a rult, neher the sexist jok nor the anti-gay jok might have eliced fensive reactns of amement for men lower PMB, which turn nullified a ma effect of the masculy threat prent rearch ntribut to the lerature on disparagement humor by intifyg PMB as a new variable that ntribut to amement wh sexist and anti-gay humor, as well as by intifyg masculy affirmatn as the psychologil mechanism by which do.

Together the current fdgs ntribute to the existg lerature showg that men higher prer manhood beliefs exprs amement wh sexist and anti-gay humor bee serv a unique self-enhancg functn for prent rearch also ntribut to the lerature on masculy, and prer manhood theory particular, by newly intifyg exprsns of amement wh sexist and anti-gay humor as a strategy that men might e to reaffirm their threatened masculy. It appears that men higher PMB show enjoyment of sexist and anti-gay humor when they perceive their masculy has been threatened bee they believe uniquely reaffirms their makg a novel disvery of the psychologil functns of sexist and anti-gay humor social settgs, we hope the prent rearch will lead to better unrstandgs of the kds of suatns that foster s occurrence and ultimately to strategi for preventg .

GAY MEN DISCRIMATE AGAST FEME GAY MEN, NEW STUDY FDS

“Even amongst our peers and other sgers, we've heard that, ” ntu volist put beast idol group Monsta X, or any K-pop group for that matter, the ntext of tradnal Amerin mascule ials, and too often you’ll fd opns like that of Ethan Kle, a YouTuber who took massive heat at the end of last year for his homophobic and racist ments about BTS. Genrs & Sexualy Alliance Network: Stunt-n anizatns that une LGBTQ+ and allied youth to build muny and anize around issu impactg them their schools and Gets Better Project: A nonprof anizatn wh a missn to uplift, empower, and nnect lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, and queer youth around the for Disease Control’s LGBTQ Youth Rourc.

PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS

QUEERG JOHN WAYNEWAS HE ‘MASCULE’—OR ACTG?JONATHAN POLETTI·FOLLOWPUBLISHED ???????????·10 M READ·JUL 6, 2021--9SHAREWHAT DO PEOPLE MEAN BY THE WORD “MASCULE” — AND WHY IS JOHN WAYNE IS SO OFTEN ASSOCIATED WH THIS TRA? THE HOLLYWOOD ACTOR WASN’T EVEN NAMED ‘JOHN WAYNE’.HE WAS MARN MORRISON, LLED ‘DE’. HE WAS A CHS-PLAYER, A DANCER, A B FEMME HIS BEARG. HE WAS AN ACTOR WHO PLAYED A PART OF A WBOY LARGELY CREATED BY JOHN FORD, A CLOSETED GAY DIRECTOR OM MAE.HE’S KNOWN AS AN IN OF “MASCULY.”MANY SEEM NOT TO KNOW WAS AN ILLN, MERE MOVIEMAKG. WE N FOLLOW A YOUNG ‘DE’ WHO GREW UP SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—AN ATHLETE, PLAYG FOOTBALL, SURFG.IS HE ULTRA-MASCULE?HIS LOOKS N CHANGE VERY UNEXPECTEDLY.THIS SEEMS TO BE A MAN WHO SANK TO THE ROL HE PLAYED, A SHAPE-SHIFTG BEG, A CHAMELEON. AN ACTOR.DE MORRISON WAS A DANCER.IN A 1997 STUDY, JOHN WAYNE’S AMERI, GARRY WILLS LGERS ON THIS POT, AND C A FEW UNEXPECTED FACTS. NOTG HIS SMALL FEET, KATHARE HEPBURN SPOKE OF THE “DANCER’S STEPS HE TOOK WH THEM.” A WOMAN WHO KNEW WAYNE PARED HIM TO NUREYEV, THE GREAT (GAY) BALLET DANCER.RICHARD WIDMARK RELLED THE ACTOR JOHN WAYNE TELLG HIM ON THE SET OF THE ALAMO: “GODDAMM, BE GRACEFUL — LIKE ME!”IT MIGHT NOT BE AN EFFECT THE DIENCE WOULD PROCS. BUT AS MUCH AS NUREYEV ON STAGE, ‘JOHN WAYNE’ WAS A LEAPG FIGURE OUT OF A DREAM.RICHARD AVEDON PHOTOGRAPHS RUDOLF NUREYEV 1961; JOHN WAYNE ADVENTURE COMIC (FEBARY 1952)THE MERA WAS EVER WORKG TO BUTCH HIM UP.

A HANDY GUI TO ALL GAY MEN

RTORG THREATENED MASCULY: THE APPEAL OF SEXIST AND ANTI-GAY HUMOR

GAY MEN'S GUI