The Gift: Bugchasg/gift-givg, assiatn, and managg the gay body | Genr and Technology Sprg 2009

assimilation gay

AbstractThe troductn addrs how gay activists memorialized select people as martyrs orr to fluence natnal bat over LGBT rights. In particula

Contents:

GAY ASSIATN?

* assimilation gay *

ADVERTISEMENTLetterMay 1, Center FilmsTo the Edor, Re “The Extctn of Gay Inty, ” by Frank Bni (lumn, April 29):Of urse, I don’t want to go back to the dangers and opprsns of those earlier days, but I don’t want to disappear don’t ask racial and ethnic muni to give up their cultural practic and habs as they ga their civil rights, but our lbian and gay culture — s boundary-btg prentatns of genr and so on — is too often required to “tone down, ” to prent ourselv as jt like everyone else the mastream world for the purpose of nvcg that mastream world we are not a threat to the stat New York, that enforced assiatn is, thankfully, ls te, but is not nonexistent.

East Village bohemians drift throughout the summer; quiet male upl spend more time browsg gourmet groceri and realtors than cisg nightspots; the predictable populatn of artists and wrers—Michael Cunngham and John Waters are fixtur—mix wh openly gay lawyers and ps and teachers and but unmistakably, gay culture is endg.

THE END OF GAY CULTURE

Marriage equaly has bee a central pillar of the morn gay rights movement. Five stat and the District of Columbia offer same sex marriag and a se volvg California’s ban on gay marriage is expected to end up the Supreme Court. But spe recent advanc, not all gay people are so eager to rg the weddg bells. Mattilda Bernste Symore, self-scribed queer activist and thor of “That’s Revoltg: Queer Strategi for Ristg Assiatn,” says gay people should stop fightg to uphold what she nsirs to be the failed stutn of marriage. * assimilation gay *

This was the era of the post-Stonewall New Left, of the Castro and the Wt Village, an era where sexualy fed a new meang for gayns: of sexual adventure, polil radilism, and cultural fact that openly gay muni were still relatively small and geographilly ncentrated a handful of urban areas created a distctive gay culture.

GAY LIBERATN TO CAMP ASSIATN

When I terviewed gay artist Jt Sayre last month about the prognosis for “gay culture” the age of mastream assiatn—pecially via gay... * assimilation gay *

Unlike Lato or Jewish or black muni, where parents and grandparents and siblgs pass on cultural norms to children their most formative stag, each generatn of gay men and lbians grows up beg tght the heterosexual norms and culture of their home environments or absorbg what pass for their gay inty om the broar culture as a whole. If the end of gay culture means that we have a new plexy to grapple wh and a new, ls cramped humany to embrace, then regret seems almost a rebe to those untls generatns who uld only dream of the liberty so many now ty, rich space that gay men and women once created for themselv was, after all, the bt they uld do. But Buckley fds other mted-but-non-marryg upl who posss more tertg rervatns, rangg om those who poe the femism-based crique of marriage as an outmod and opprsive patriarchal stutn to those who see as a tool that ele or upwardly mobile (whe) people e to solidify their wealth at the expense of more worthy gay , like youth homelsns and AIDS activism.

Created partly as a reactn to the hostili of the heterosexual world, Ghaziani says gay muni are now experiencg an inty crisis as the gay and nongay worlds creasgly mix and mgle and gays feel fortable livg openly muni far om plac like Wt Hollywood, San Francis’s Castro District or New York’s Greenwich Village. 1994 would also mark the begng of a five year “sex panic” bate between gay journalists such as Gabrielle Rotello, Michelangelo Signorile, Andrew Sullivan, and Larry Kramer and queer activists/theorists such as Doug Crimp, Michael Warner, Eve Pendleton and Jim Eigo who favored the prcipl of gay liberatn to the polics of assiatn.

WHAT DO GAY MARRIAGE MEAN?

On a Saturday night on Wt Hollywood’s Santa Moni Boulevard, the siwalks, dance clubs, bars and rtrants are packed. The crowd is ma up of mostly men; mostly gay, joyfully, proudly and unapologetilly… * assimilation gay *

AdvertisementSKIP ADVERTISEMENTOp-Ed ContributorNormal as FolkJune 21, 2012Ann Arbor, ’S gay pri month aga, and that means ’s time for the straight media to liver s annual state-of-the-gay experience is any gui, this exercise will volve a lot of triumphalism about the progrs of the gay movement, as measured by the creasg cultural assiatn of young lbians and gay men to Amerin society as a men particular, who ed to ighten the hors wh flamboyant displays of sexual outlawry, genr treason and fabulons, have supposedly dropped their signia of tribal belongg and joed the mastream. At least sce the 1970s, gay men have been drawg vid generatnal parisons between gay boys their teens and 20s — morn, liberated, enlightened, untouched by gay culture, “utterly distguishable om straight boys” and “pletely lm about beg gay” (as Andrew Holleran put his 1978 novel, “Dancer From the Dance”) — and olr gay men, fanatilly attached to an outdated gay culture and nvced that is the only gay culture there is.

(Of urse, those sorry gay men their 30s and 40s, who allegedly clg to an outmod, passé versn of gay culture, mt be the very same people who, only a few years earlier, were those pneerg gay teenagers, takg their first nocent steps a brave new world whout homophobia, ignorant of gay culture and different to . Instead of worryg that the feme associatns of diva worship, terr ratg or the performg arts may make gay male psychology look diseased, the real qutn we should ask about gay style is what s refal of nonil masculy achiev and what enabl s practners, straight or gay, to quire to melodrama, mp, irony, drag, bodybuildg or Art De as “gay” styl is to seek the ntent of gay culture s practic — to scribe the terventn gay culture mak the world as is given. On July 25, 2014 Miami-Da County Circu Court Judge Sarah Zabel led Florida’s gay marriage ban unnstutnal and stated that the ban “serv only to hurt, to discrimate, to prive same-sex upl and their fai of equal digny, to label and treat them as send-class cizens, and to em them unworthy of participatn one of the fundamental stutns of our society.

DO ASSIATN MEAN THE END OF GAY NEIGHBORHOODS?

As a gay man and as a queer person, I do not want to be normalized. Instead, I want to be regnized and accepted for my difference as a humanizg qualy. To that end, I want to state that my… * assimilation gay *

2016 printial ndidate and former Hewlett-Packard CEO Carly Fra stated that civil unns are aquate as an equivalent to marriage: “Benefs are beg btowed to gay upl [ civil unns]… I believe we need to rpect those who believe that the word marriage has a spirual foundatn… Why n’t we rpect and tolerate that while at the same time sayg ernment nnot btow benefs unequally. Court papers filed July 2014 by attorneys fendg Arizona’s gay marriage ban stated that “the State regulat marriage for the primary purpose of channelg potentially procreative sexual relatnships to endurg unns for the sake of jog children to both their mother and their father… Same-sex upl n never provi a child wh both her blogil mother and her blogil father. Queer activist Anrs Zanichkowsky stated June 2013 that the then mpaign for gay marriage “tentnally and malicly eras and exclus so many queer people and cultur, particularly trans and genr non-nformg people, poor queer people, and queer people non-tradnal fai… marriage thks non-married people are viant and not tly servg of civil rights.

THE GAY LIBERATION FRONT, THE RADICALESBIANS, AUTHOR

Gay culture is not jt an affectatn. It is an exprsn of difference through style — a way of rvg out space for an alternate way of life. * assimilation gay *

Progrsive works of the 1800s tend to view homosexualy as a mental illns requirg passn, or held a romanticised nostalgia for Gre-Roman Ancient Greek ornamental plate pictg first mass queer movement to sweep across the Wt was spired by the zegeist of eedom that acpanied fights agast fascism the aftermath of World War II. Michael Sibalis, profsor emer of history at Wilid Lrier Universy, scribed the attu of the homophile movement as such:“Public hostily to homosexuals rulted largely om their outrageo and promiscuo behavur; homophil would w the good opn of the public and the thori by showg themselv to be discreet, dignified, virtuo and rpectable.

However, polil gas were sparse and the movement died out the 1970s, but was soon replaced wh a new wave of more radil of the June 1958 issue of One start of this new gay liberatn movement is typilly ppoted to the 1969 Stonewall Rts, which have bee one (if not the only) event to transcend the pag of queer studi textbooks and enter public nscns. Legal reform that occurred as a rponse to the gay liberatn movement was astronomil: numero jurisdictns around the globe — cludg South Atralia — legalised same-sex activy, Swen beme the first untry to allow transgenr people to legally change their genr, and LGBTQ+ people entered public office unprecented numbers.

What was once a rejectn of genr normativy and a unique form of self-exprsn for genr diverse and genr non-nformg folk — an tersectn of queerns and unrground party culture shunned to shady gay bars — has been transformed by the growth of social media drag to a mastream ponent of the bety and entertament dtri. ” David Rben’s 1969 bt-seller, “Everythg You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (But Were Aaid to Ask)”—a book I remember pesg shakily at the library—advised that “if a homosexual who wants to renounce homosexualy fds a psychiatrist who knows how to cure homosexualy, he has every chance of beg a happy, well-adjted heterosexual.

THE QUEER/GAY ASSIATNIST SPL

Proponents ntend that gay marriage bans are discrimatory and unnstutnal, opponents ague that marriage is primarily for procreatn. * assimilation gay *

And Bishop Gene Robson, “God Believ Love: Straight Talk About Gay Marriage, ” imag a future which the prohibns of Juo-Christian scripture have fashnable explanatn for the turnabout creds popular culture: out-and-proud celebri and gay-iendly ss have ma straight Amerins more fortable wh their other-md neighbors.

Leigh Moswz's new book, The Battle Over Marriage: Gay Rights Activism Through the Media don't set out to answer that qutn, but do ht at one possibily: that the public relatns revolutn was achieved, part, through the tremendo savvs and hard work of gay rights the 1990s and early 2000s antipathy to LGBT people the media was tense, and appeared ways both overt and subtle. At the extrem, this trend meant gay people themselv were siled, as the much-maligned failed 2012 Proposn 8 mpaign California, which foced on straight policians and alli toutg gay marriage rather than showg pictur of gay fai (though, as Moswz says, a mpaign Mae the same year which centered on gay fai also failed). Such acunts scribe HIV as an evabily to which sexually active gay men are doomed; njunctn wh this psimism, bugchasers often implicly or explicly nmn the medil muny’s failure to fd a cure for the vis, and claim that seronversn—“givg ”—is the only te solutn to their feelgs of ep fear and anxiety about HIV.

SHOULD GAY MARRIAGE BE LEGAL?

<p>This far-reachg and ntemporary new Encyclopedia exam and explor the liv and experienc of Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr and Queer (LGBTQ) * assimilation gay *

Such muni had long been faiar wh risk, as their very existence crouched the shadows of heterosexist vlence and excln; the HIV epimic dramatilly renfigured that risk, relotg danger to the terrs (ed, the very bedrooms) of gay muni while restg the external tablishment as a supposedly sympathetic and benign ally. Bugchasers were not the only gay men to react towards assiatnism wh spicn and anger; siar reactns uld be found among many polilly-charged groups and subsets wh the gay muny, such as the Radil Faeri and Gay Shame, which mobilized activist efforts agast both mastream society and the assiatnist gay learship. Demands that gay men adopt the practic of ndom e, HIV ttg, and rced promiscuy equated an iologil mand that gay men mt adopt a self-policg culture of sexual moraly, that they mt take subjective rponsibily for their own bodi as well as for the overall health of the gay muny, and that they mt operate wh and abi by the attempts of the mastream medil tablishment to help them.

GAY MARRIAGE HAS NOT—AND WILL NOT—CSE ASSIATN

Dennis Kle, Assiatn and Dissiatn: Peter Gay's Frd, Jews and Other Germans: Masters and Victims Mornist Culture, New German Crique, No. 19, Special Issue 1: Germans and Jews (Wter, 1980), pp. 151-165 * assimilation gay *

This scientific breakthrough buri forever unfound and unexamed dogma by societi and religns around the world and throughout history that homosexualy is “unnatural” and needs to be celly stamped out by tellectual genoci, like nservative Judaism, Christiany, Islam, Hduism, and Buddhism today, or physil genoci, like ISIS and s kh and k, or both. The Radil Faeri grew out of dialogu Hay and I had Los Angel durg the 1970’s whenever Hay traveled to Los Angel and along the R Gran at Hay’s home adjacent to the San Juan Pueblo New Mexi (se my “The Birth of the Radil Faeri” the “Gay and Lbian Review Worldwi, ” September-October, 2010) In late 1969, Hay, wh his pann John Burnsi, parted Los Angel to operate the general store on the San Juan Pueblo, where they remaed until June 1979, then livg genteel poverty, when I went there, helped pack them up, and brought them back to Los Angel. The 21st century paradigm shift om an old gay assiatn/sexual orientatn mol to a new gay sentialism/societal ntributn mol is siar meang to the 20th century paradigm shift om Newtonian to Esteian physics, a scientific and social revolutn g a radil, fundamental change how gay people perceive realy, role and inty.

There are two opposg polil viewpots when to advocy and than of urse there are a variety of more morate middle-ground opns that fall between the Queer Liberatnists and Gay Assiatnist Assiatnists - This iology is to make gay/lbian people seem like average, normal everyday cizens the ey of the general public. Disurs of gay martyrdom reveal that secular gay advot habually employed Prottant Christian ias orr to prent gay Amerins as siar to the domant culture of straight Christians, a strategy that beme creasgly prevalent by the end of the twentieth century after gays were blamed for spreadg a natnal plague through sexual licentns.

WHAT THE GAY COMMUNY LOST WHILE IT WAS WNG GAY MARRIAGE

Reflectns on the gay muny’s polil progrs—and s future. * assimilation gay *

Polics mak her part of a lg class of “fancy” iends who get to hang out the owners box at Cowboys DeGener said that people are askg why a “gay Hollywood liberal” is stg next to “a nservative Republin print, ” she seemed to miss that many people felt they already know why: Bee powerful liberals have an tert rehabilatg the image of a former Amerin print, no matter how grim his rerd may be, for the sake of prervg fah the versn of Ameri where rich people on the right and left n have a pleasant Sunday afternoon together. For example, for gay men New York Cy at the turn of the twentieth century: “the emergence of gay speakeasi and drag balls…n be unrstood only the ntext of and more general chang the social geography of the cy, ” so that while neighborhoods like the Wt Village and Harlem afford spatial muny, the chang related heavily to the spir of the cy self. Some exampl clu: the ONE Natnal Gay & Lbian Archiv at the Universy of Southern California and olr LGBTQ archiv like the Buffalo Gay, Lbian, Bisexual, Transgenr Archiv now at SUNY Buffalo; the Black Queer Studi Collectn at the Universy of Texas at At; the June Mazer Lbian Archiv; the Gay and Lbian Archive of Mid-Ameri at the Universy of Missouri-Kansas Cy; the Transgenr Archiv at the Transgenr Foundatn of Ameri; and the Lbian Herstory Archiv.

Ann Snow, Christe Stansell, and Sharon Thompson (New York: Monthly Review Prs, 1983), 100-113; Allan Bébé, “Marchg to a Different Dmmer: Lbian and Gay GIs World War II, ” Powers of Dire; Lillian Farman, Odd Girls and Twilight Lovers: A History of Lbian Life Twentieth-Century Ameri (New York: Pengu, 1992); Chncey, Gay New York; and Aldrich, “Homosexualy and the Cy.

THE GIFT: BUGCHASG/GIFT-GIVG, ASSIATN, AND MANAGG THE GAY BODY

Have you felt prsured to behave a certa way once you entered the gay/LGBTQIA+ world? That you had to change your lik and hobbi? Talkg about mic, movi, terts. The rabow muny ... * assimilation gay *

[24] Neil Smh, “‘Class Stggle on Avenue B’: The Lower East Si as the Wild Wild Wt” The New Urban Frontier: Gentrifitn and the Revanchist Cy (New York: Routledge, 1996), 3-29; Lawrence Knopp, “Gentrifitn and Gay Neighborhood Formatn New Orleans: A Case Study, ” Homo Enomics: Capalism, Communy, and Lbian and Gay Life, eds. Christa Schwarz, Gay Voic of the Harlem Renaissance (Bloomgton: Indiana Universy Prs, 2003); Hanhardt, Safe Space; Philalphia: Marc Ste, Cy Of Sisterly And Brotherly Lov: Lbian and Gay Philalphia, 1945-1972 (Philalphia: Temple Universy Prs, 2004); Elizabeth Kennedy and Male Davis, Boots of Leather, Slippers of Gold: The History of a Lbian Communy (New York: Pengu, 1994); Los Angel: Moira Rachel Kenney, Mappg Gay L.

Jackson, Changg Tim: Almanac and Digt of Kansas Cy’s Gay and Lbian History (Kansas Cy, MO: The Orrly Pack Rat, 2011); Mneapolis: Enke, Fdg the Movement; Tw Ci: GLBT Oral History Project, Queer Tw Ci (Mneapolis: Universy of Mnota Prs, 2010); Stewart Van Cleve, Land of 10, 000 Lov: A History of Queer Mnota (Mneapolis: Universy of Mnota Prs, 2012); Milwkee: Enke, Fdg the Movement; The History Project, Improper Bostonians: Lbian and Gay History om the Purans to Playland (Boston: Bean Prs, 1998); Washgton, D.

GAY INTY: IS THE TAIL WAGGG OUR DOG?

Other cisg spac clu The Block (bound by First, Frankl, Ma, and Fohee Streets Richmond, Virgia) a gay cisg area the 1940s; and Pershg Square (South Olive St., Los Angel, California), known om the 1920s-1960s as “The Run, ” a cisg place for men that clud the Central Library (listed on the NRHP on December 18, 1970), bathrooms the Subway Termal Buildg (Hill and Olive Streets; listed on the NRHP on Augt 2, 2006; now ed as rinc), and the bar at the Biltmore Hotel (506 South Grand Avenue). The ONE Natnal Gay & Lbian Archiv are loted at 909 Wt Adams Boulevard, Los Angel, California; the Buffalo Gay, Lbian, Bisexual, Transgenr Archiv are loted at 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, New York; the June Mazer Lbian Archiv are loted at 626 North Robertson Boulevard, Wt Hollywood, California; the Gay and Lbian Archive of Mid-Ameri is at 800 East Fifty-First Street, Kansas Cy, Missouri; the Transgenr Archiv are loted at 604 Pacific Street, Hoton, Texas; the Lbian Herstory Archiv was found and hoed for many years the apartment of Joan Ntle on Nety-Send Street before movg to 484 Fourteenth Street, Brooklyn, New York. Servg as the proto-typil gay bar, Molly Ho were unrground tablishments the early 20th century where gay men uld gather and Wtphal - first to the term “vert” Invert - an dividual habed by the soul of the oppose sexfirst to suggt homosexualy is ngenal Consired homosexualy an “abnormal ngenal maniftatn” nsired homosexuals as makg up a third genr known as Urngswrote Sexual Inversn, and ntued the work of both Wtphal and Ulrichs• Sexual versn was different om other kds of homosexualy• Inverts had a primary disposn for homosexualy• Other kds of homosexualy are duced by a lack of appropriate sexual object, such as the se homosocial environments like boardg schoolMagn Hirshfield - 1930s - Instute of Sexual Knowledge• Instute and scholarship voted to the study and legimacy of transgenr dividuals• Hirshfield was the first to advote for medil terventn• Attempts to normalize transgenr experienc• His library was stroyed by the Nazis1920s - Harlem Renaissance• A time of celebratn of black artists• Queer black artists enjoyed the same visibily as their heterosexual unterparts• Queerns was treated as an open secret - everybody knew, but no one talked about • Contued study of homosexualy lead to extreme backlash durg WWII• Please see Magn Hirshfield above• Queer prisoners ncentratn mps uld be intified by their upsi down pk triangle• When the muny reclaimed this symbol, we turned right si up Productn s for film and televisn where reprentatns of queerns MUST be regnizably punished, eher through ath, villay, or ridicule.

ARE GAY MUNI DYG OR JT TRANSN? RULTS OM AN TERNATNAL NSULTATN EXAMG POSSIBLE STCTURAL CHANGE GAY MUNI

1950s - Joseph McCarthy - McCarthyism• McCarthyism is the pot time where Joseph McCarthy pursued and prosecuted perceived Communists• Homosexual dividuals were also clud this wch hunt; McCarthy viewed their “perversns” as dangero to Amerin societya movement foced on assiatn; gay and lbian dividuals should strive to be seen as “rpectable” to heterosexualsStonewall• June 28th, 1969• Stonewall Inn was a gay club Greenwich Village New York Cy most often equented by genr-nonnformg black and Lato/a people (trans women, drag queens, etc. Johnson (black trans woman)- threw a shot glass - Sylvia Riviera (Lata trans woman)- threw a brick - Storm DeLarverie (whe butch lbian) - punched a p- Rts ntued for two nights, and this moment is largely seen as the start of the morn queer civil rights movement- The Pri para is reenactment and celebratn of Stonewall- June is Pri month bee that is when Stonewall occurred• GRID - Gay Related Immune Disease - eventually known as AIDS• Ronald Reagan ref to acknowledge a public health crisis• Reaffirmed society’s villaizatn of gay men - sisted gay men were diseased• Gay men bee aaid to nnect wh each other - uld be lethal• Lbian nurs would act as primary re givers• AIDS and Marriage• As more and more gay men were hospalized, qutns arose around queer fai• Partners of sick men were kept om them bee they weren’t nsired fay• Partners would be unable to make medil cisns for their loved on• The AIDS crisis sparked the need for marriage equaly• Upon seeg the need for marriage sick gay men, the lbian muny started to regnize their own vulnerabily regards to their children• Concerns around legal parentage furthered the marriage equaly nversatnDOMA - Defense of Marriage Act• Ma okay for stat to refe to regnize same-sex marriag om other stat• Existed a legal grey area• Overturned 2013DADT - Don’t Ask, Don’t TellDADT - Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell• Ma illegal to serve as openly gay the ary• Overturned 2011• Tmp’s ban of transgenr people the ary is new - trans people have been servg the ary for years whout cint.

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* ASSIMILATION GAY

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class="ContentHearByleContent-dpPmNn DRFq"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl ContentHearByl-cZqgyJ bqbBYQ"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ivtvgj byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM ByleLk-gEnFiw iUEiRd ggMZaT cXqSTL eErqIx byle__name-lk button" href="/ntributors/alex-ross">Alex Ross</a></span></span></p></div><time data-ttid="ContentHearPublishDate" dateTime="2012-11-04T23:00:00-05:00" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ContentHearPublishDate-eIBicG iUEiRd kYZrFA kEBrdf">November 4, 2012</time></div></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ContentHearLeadAsset-hGbumP iWPCcH lead-asset ContentHearLeadAssetWrapper-hfXHEc fTrSlG lead-asset--width-smallle" data-ttid="ContentHearLeadAsset"><figure class="ContentHearLeadAssetContent-kOfYSG dRGWbI"><div class="ContentHearLeadAssetContentMedia-bLEIpi jjhWdS lead-asset__ntent__photo"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW jvZaPI rponsive-asset ContentHearRponsiveAsset-bREgIb khLUzS"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz ksZVUY"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO KhjZz ContentHearRponsiveAsset-bREgIb khLUzS rponsive-image rponsive-image--expandable"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="A photograph of Harvey Milk pl a spread of photos of Gay Pri paras ACT UP march and marriage equaly protts" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></div></div></span><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn ContentHearLeadAssetCaptn-hPWmSN kuCzGS"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">Clockwise, om left: Harvey Milk, 1978; a Mattache Society ball, New York 1967; two active-duty sailors at the San Diego Gay Pri para, 2011; <em class="small">ACT UP</em>, New York 1990; monstrators San Francis celebrate a urt lg agast Proposn 8, the California anti-gay-marriage bill, 2012.</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Photographs by Clockwise om top left: Terry Schmt / San Francis Chronicle / Corbis; Fred W. McDarrah / Getty; Gregory Bull / AP; Michael Abramson / Time Life Pictur / Getty; Jt Sullivan / Getty</span></div></div></figure><div data-ttid="ContentHearLeadRailAnchor" class="ContentHearLeadRailAnchor-jYVcDc djtEof"></div></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN iEWtkN article-body__ntent"><div class="ActnBarWrapperContent-lasBkU cAHp"><div class="ActnBarWrapperComponent-cjwxLS bEeSLb"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="ActnBarWrapper-dhxmQh kNjTbQ viewport-monor-anchor"><button id="bookmark" aria-label="Save this story" class="ActnBarButton-dyFOZU hQrwCF bookmark large-screen"><span class="ActnBarSendaryButtonPrimaryIn-isbvyN cAwccV bookmark-button-in"><svg class="in in-bookmark" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save this story</tle><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M20 23.9508L12.5 19.7312L5 23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z"></path><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="ActnBarWrapper-dhxmQh kAEsuD viewport-monor-anchor"><button id="bookmark" aria-label="Save this story" class="ActnBarButton-dyFOZU cjjxgx bookmark mobile"><span class="ActnBarSendaryButtonPrimaryIn-isbvyN cAwccV bookmark-button-in"><svg class="in in-bookmark" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Save this story</tle><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M20 23.9508L12.5 19.7312L5 23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z"></path><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-etcMtP bwyLBj"><div data-ttid="ArticlePageChunks" class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG Uozmo"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa EOneK body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ArticlePageIssueDate-gHarAr iUEiRd iklptv cESBWk">From the issue of<!-- --> November 12, 2012 </span><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><h2>I. THE CHANGE</h2><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">The week after Barack Obama was first elected Print, I attend a mic ftival at Arizona State Universy, Tempe. Bee Veterans Day was the followg Tuday, was a party weekend at the school, and thoands of stunts swarmed the ma strip. The central event of the ftival ran long, and around midnight I went wh another participant, the wrer and filmmaker Pl Fta, search of somewhere to eat. The only place we uld fd was a Jack the Box.</p><p class="paywall">We gave our orrs at the drive-through wdow. A r was idlg there, wh several llege stunts si. Moments later, a send r roared the wrong way up the drive-through lane and screeched to a halt. A visibly dnk young man, tall and blond, wearg a standard llegiate uniform of T-shirt over long-sleeved T and jeans, lurched out, shoutg, “Some whore lled me a faggot!” The shier hand Pl a strawberry kshake. Pl and I are both gay; we trad uneasy glanc while the guy rried on.</p><p class="paywall">“My parents raised me right,” the blond guy hollered at the stunts the send r, who turned out to be his iends. “And I’m proud of who I am.” Pl and I looked at each other aga, now amazement.</p><p class="paywall">A beefy, sour-faced guy wearg a backward baseball p me around the rner. This, evintly, was the person who had lled the blond a faggot. “I’m gog to beat you up,” the newer shouted. A iend was trailg behd him.</p><p class="paywall">Like most gay men, I have been lled a faggot a few tim. I’ve seen iends talk back to homophob. But I’d never wnsed anythg like this: had a weird theatril tensy, as if the young man were beg goad by an offstage director.</p><p class="paywall">“How dare you?” he yelled. “Our forefathers me to this untry to pe om their religns and be ee. How dare you, asshole! Don’t you know this is the land of equal opportuny? Go back to fuckg Connecticut wh your two rs and a garage!”</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-1 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">The beefy guy wilted the face of this semi-herent vective. He shgged at his iend, and they started to walk off.</p><p class="paywall">The blond guy stumbled after them for a mute or two, bellowg, “In this untry, I n marry <em class="small">ANYONE I WANT</em>! Bee there’s <em class="small">CHANGE</em> this untry now!”</p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">Even after his opponents had disappeared, he ntued rantg, his face l wh phoric rage. He had bee a ltle sry, this one-man Stonewall rt. Eventually, his iends lmed him down, and they left.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">I am forty-four years old, and I have lived through a startlg transformatn the stat of gay men and women the Uned Stat. Around the time I was born, homosexual acts were illegal every state but Illois. Lbians and gays were barred om servg the feral ernment. There were no openly gay policians. A few closeted homosexuals occupied posns of power, but they tend to make thgs more miserable for their kd. Even the liberal prs, homosexualy drew srn: <em>The New York Review of Books</em>, Philip Roth nounced the “ghastly pansy rhetoric” of Edward Albee, and a <em>Time</em> ver story dismissed the gay world as a “pathetic ltle send-rate substute for realy, a piable flight om life.” David Rben’s 1969 bt-seller, “Everythg You Always Wanted to Know About Sex (But Were Aaid to Ask)”—a book I remember pesg shakily at the library—advised that “if a homosexual who wants to renounce homosexualy fds a psychiatrist who knows how to cure homosexualy, he has every chance of beg a happy, well-adjted heterosexual.”</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">By the mid-eighti, when I was begng to e to terms wh my sexualy, a few gay people held polil office, many stat had dropped long-standg laws crimalizg sodomy, and sundry celebri had e out. (The tennis champn Marta Navratilova did so, memorably, 1981.) But anti-gay csas on the relig right threatened to roll back this progrs. In 1986, the Supreme Court, upholdg Geia’s sodomy law, dismissed the notn of nstutnal protectn for gay sexualy as “at bt, facet.” <em class="small">AIDS</em> was killg thoands of gay men each year. The ial rponse of the Reagan Admistratn—and of the mastream media—is well summarized by a Larry Speak prs briefg October, 1982:</p><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>Q: Larry, do the Print have any reactn to the announcement [om] the Centers for Disease Control Atlanta that <em class="small">AIDS</em> is now an epimic and have over 600 s?</p><p>M<em class="small">R</em>. S<em class="small">PEAKES</em>: What’s <em class="small">AIDS</em>?</p><p>Q: Over a third of them have died. It’s known as “gay plague.” (<em>Lghter</em>.) No, is. I mean ’s a pretty ser thg that one every three people that get this have died. And I wonred if the Print is aware of ?</p><p>M<em class="small">R</em>. S<em class="small">PEAKES</em>: I don’t have . Do you? (<em>Lghter</em>.)</p></div></blockquote><p class="paywall">By the time Reagan first spoke at length about <em class="small">AIDS</em>, May, 1987, the ath toll the U.S. had surpassed twenty thoand. What I remember most about my first sexual experience is the fear.</p><p class="paywall">Today, gay people of a certa age may feel as though they had stepped out of a lavenr time mache. That’s the sensatn that h me when I watched the young man Tempe shout down a homophobe the name of the Print-elect. Gay marriage is legal six stat and Washgton, D.C. Gays n serve the ary whout hidg their sexualy. We’ve seen openly gay judg, ngrspeople, mayors (cludg a four-term mayor of Tempe), movie stars, and talk-show hosts. Gay film and TV characters are almost annoygly ubiquo. The Supreme Court, which fally annulled sodomy laws 2003, is set to beg examg the marriage issue. And the 2012 mpaign has shown that Republins no longer see the gays as a reliable wedge issue: although Mt Romney oppos same-sex marriage, he has barely mentned this fall. If thirty-two people were to die today a mass murr at a gay bar, both Obama and Romney would prumably exprs sympathy for the victims—more than any official New Orleans did when, back 1973, an arsonist set fire to the Upstairs Lounge.</p><p class="paywall">Gay life Ameri is hardly reee, pecially outsi certa Zip Cos the big ci. Although the relig right has a weaker grip on polics than once did, n still chill the air: Augt, hundreds of thoands across the untry led up to buy chicken sandwich support of Chick-fil-A, whose nonprof foundatn has given lns of dollars to anti-gay groups. (Fast food: the fal battleground.) Still, gay rights have ma such rapid progrs that there is an urge to look back and asss what has happened. Several new books offer different perspectiv on the tectonic shifts of recent s. Lda Hirshman, “Victory: The Triumphant Gay Revolutn,” livers a vivid history of a movement that was vented, out of nothg, cir 1950. David Halper, a leadg figure queer-studi scholarship, sounds a more wistful tone “How to Be Gay,” celebratg the sharp-elbowed mp culture that many now nsir obsolete. And Bishop Gene Robson, “God Believ Love: Straight Talk About Gay Marriage,” imag a future which the prohibns of Juo-Christian scripture have reced.</p><p class="paywall">One fashnable explanatn for the turnabout creds popular culture: out-and-proud celebri and gay-iendly ss have ma straight Amerins more fortable wh their other-md neighbors. When, May, Vice-Print Joe Bin clared his support for gay marriage, promptg Obama to do the same, he said, “Thgs really beg to change . . . when the social culture chang. I thk ‘Will & Grace’ probably did more to te the Amerin public than almost anythg anybody’s ever done so far.” Not that long ago, though, Hollywood was regularly portrayg gays and lbians as flouncg sissi, pathetic suici s, and serial killers; Vo Rso documented that practice his 1981 book, “The Celluloid Closet.” A later, I joed a monstratn, anized by the San Francis chapter of Queer Natn, agast the movie “Basic Instct,” which was beg filmed the cy, and whose plot featured homicidal lbians. My activist reer end there, but the prott, and others like , ma headway. Belatedly, Hollywood stopped teachg Ameri to fear homosexualy. The entertament dtry, far om leadg the way, ught up wh a new social realy.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-2 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">Three-dimensnal people are more persuasive than two-dimensnal on, as Bin surely knows. In the end, the big change likely me about bee, each year, a few thoand more gay people make the awkward announcement to their fai and iends, supplantg imag om the folklore of disgt. My primary polil moment happened when I wrote long, lugubr letters to my clost iends, fally revealg the rt of me. In one, I me out a footnote on the seventh page, amid pompo but heartfelt quotatns om Wallace Stevens: “The greatt poverty is not to live / In a physil world, to feel that one’s sire / Is too difficult to tell om spair.” Harvey Milk always said that this was how the revolutn would happen: one lonely kid at a time.</p><h2 class="paywall">II. THE RISE OF GAY POLITICS</h2><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">Although the formerly unspeakable practic associated wh homosexualy are olr than rerd history, the notn of a distct gay inty is a relatively recent ventn. Not until the neteenth century did anyone have the ia of dividg humany neatly to those who sire their own sex and those who sire the other. Before then, nfn reigned. Gay sex acts were forbidn almost everywhere, but punishment was nsistent. Between 1786 and 1873, there were only twenty prosecutns for sodomy New York. Gee Chncey, his classic 1994 book, “Gay New York,” evok a loosey-goosey metropolis at the turn of the last century, which sgle men om all class of society uld ame themselv wh fairi—flamboyant, often cross-drsg men, who played the passive role sex—when girls weren’t readily available. Lbian relatnships uld flourish unr the ver of Boston marriag: socially acceptable allianc between unmarried women, so named for the charged iendship between Olive Chancellor and Verena Tarrant, Henry Jam’s “The Bostonians.”</p><p class="paywall">The Amerin gay movement drew spiratn om Germany, where, 1867, a renega legal scholar named Karl Herich Ulrichs went before the Congrs of German Jurists, Munich, to plead for the repeal of sodomy laws. He was shouted down, but by the end of the century Magn Hirschfeld had tablished the first gay-rights anizatn, Berl. In Chigo, 1924, a German immigrant named Henry Gerber, who had studied Hirschfeld’s anizatn, found a Society for Human Rights. It was quickly stymied by the police, wh the prs shudrg at the existence of a “strange sex cult.” Even so, gay subcultur were surreptly thrivg large ci. At the end of the twenti, gay life beme almost chic New York, wh cursy-seekers attendg drag balls, Mae Wt paradg gay iends, and the baret star Jean Mal pridg over a “pansy craze” midtown. (“I’d rather be Spanish than mannish,” Mal sang.)</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="Love on the March" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></a><div 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13.4983Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178637"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178637"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button><div class="AlertWrapper-gvFATk MdjE RponsiveCartoonLkAlertPopup-BPAXn kdMXRM shoppg-alert" role="dialog"><div aria-hidn="te" role="prentatn" class="AlertArrow-daOgye AlLda alert-arrow"></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ AlertMsage-jgAjgo bVCFRm ifgabc iOlxjf alert-msage"><p aria-hidn="te">Lk pied</p></div></div></div><button aria-label="Shop" class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Shop</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-rt" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Shop</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178638)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M4 3H2V4H4.23828L6.99617 15.2631C7.11483 15.6982 7.50998 16 7.96094 16H18.0365C18.4875 16 18.8826 15.6982 19.0013 15.2631L20.9648 7.26312C21.1383 6.62698 20.6594 6 20 6H10V7H20L18.0365 15H7.96094L5.03652 3H4.58055H4ZM10.0365 19C10.0365 19.5523 9.58881 20 9.03652 20C8.48424 20 8.03652 19.5523 8.03652 19C8.03652 18.4477 8.48424 18 9.03652 18C9.58881 18 10.0365 18.4477 10.0365 19ZM11.0365 19C11.0365 20.1046 10.1411 21 9.03652 21C7.93195 21 7.03652 20.1046 7.03652 19C7.03652 17.8954 7.93195 17 9.03652 17C10.1411 17 11.0365 17.8954 11.0365 19ZM18.0365 19C18.0365 19.5523 17.5888 20 17.0365 20C16.4842 20 16.0365 19.5523 16.0365 19C16.0365 18.4477 16.4842 18 17.0365 18C17.5888 18 18.0365 18.4477 18.0365 19ZM19.0365 19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">The first creakg open of the closet led to a lossal shove of reprsn. Chncey’s book giv a queasy sense of a progrsive society sudnly grdg reverse: seems as though the public-spiredns of the Deprsn and the Send World War era required certa dividuals to be expelled as spegoats. New York passed laws agast cross-drsg, onstage reprentatns of homosexuals, and gathergs of gays clubs. Police uld close a bar if they heard men talkg high-pched voic. In the thirti, the Motn Picture Productn Co banned any ht of homosexualy. Leadg psychiatrists, abandong Frd’s relatively nonjudgmental posn, scribed homosexuals as “sexual psychopaths.” There were experiments electric and pharmalogil shock treatment, hormone jectn, stratn, and lobotomy. One se of such remedi, Atasro State Hospal, California, later beme known as “Dach for queers.”</p><p class="paywall">The hysteria reached s climax the fifti, when policians seized on the ia that lbians and gays were a secury risk. Senator Joseph McCarthy set off the wch-hunt when he noted the prence of homosexuals on his famo list of Communists at the State Department. In 1953, Print Dwight Eisenhower signed Executive Orr 10450, which banned, among other thgs, “sexual perversn” ernment; the historian David Johnson timat that some five thoand gay people lost their jobs as a rult. In an episo loosely dramatized the novel and film “Advise and Consent,” Senator Lter Hunt, of Wyomg, killed himself after Styl Bridg, a senator om New Hampshire, threatened to expose Hunt’s son as a homosexual. Bridg still has a highway named after him.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="c6rxjb"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="kddqij"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa EOneK body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">Dpe the nox atmosphere, a more forthright gay culture emerged. In fact, the quisn may have only hastened the procs. The qutn lobbed at prospective soldiers durg the Send World War—“Are you homosexual?”—raised nscns rather than supprsg . (Wa, <em>am</em> I?) G.I.s who rried the stigma of the “blue discharge,” for homosexual behavr, had nothg to lose by livg openly. Lbians were embolned by the shakp of genr rol the era of Rosie the Riveter and Eleanor Roosevelt. “I venture to predict that there will be a time the future when gay folk will be accepted as part of regular society,” Edh Ey wrote the pneerg magaze <em>Vice Versa</em>, which she distributed via rbon pi. And a few lerary figur me out: before Gore Vidal and Tman Capote, there was the poet Robert Dunn, who, his 1944 say “The Homosexual Society,” asked liberals to “regnize homosexuals as equals.”</p><p class="paywall">The first durable gay anizatn, the Mattache Society, arose 1951. It was the brachild of Harry Hay, a cross-drsg Southern Californian who went to high school wh John Cage and tght mic class at the People’s Edutnal Center, Los Angel. Hirshman, “Victory,” lights the fact that Hay took spiratn om the wrgs of the vilently homophobic Stal, and particular om Stal’s fn of natnhood as a “muny of language, terrory, enomic life, and psychologil make-up manifted a muny of culture.” Hay cid on the grounds that there should also be a gay natn; he took the name Mattache om Renaissance bands of dancers drsed as fools. Hay’s radilism soon ed ternal disrd, and the Mattach moved a ls nontatnal directn. In public appearanc, they ma a pot of lookg rpectable, wearg ats and ti. Members of the Dghters of Bilis, a like-md lbian anizatn, were urged to abandon mannish cloth.</p><p class="paywall">The way the gay-rights story is ually told, thgs got movg only 1969, when a fed-up phalanx of bull dyk, drag queens, and street youths rted at the Stonewall Inn, the Wt Village. One advantage of Hirshman’s book—breezily wrten, but ketic s storytellg—is that honors the activism of the pre-Stonewall era, when any public exposure required nsirable urage. Polil and legal advanc, such as a 1958 Supreme Court cisn lg that the gay magaze <em>ONE</em> was not obscene material, were most but hard won. Hirshman also highlights the work of Gli Memorial Church, a liberal Methodist ngregatn San Francis. When police timidated atten at a gay ball on New Year’s Eve, 1964, misters nounced the cint as “the most lavish display of police harassment known recent tim.”</p><p class="paywall">The lear of the Mattach Washgton, D.C., was Frank Kameny, an astronomer and an Army veteran who had lost his ernment job durg the gay purg of the fifti. In the early sixti, he began sendg the Mattache newsletter to the office of J. Edgar Hoover, the head of the Feral Bure of Invtigatn. As F.B.I. fil reveal, an agent rmed Kameny that Hoover wished to be removed om the mailg list. Kameny replied that he would put the matter to his board, and his associate add that the director was wele to attend the next Mattache nventn. The mailgs ntued, and the Mattach’ veiled tnt of the most feared man Washgton went unanswered. “It is time to open the closet door and let the h air and the sunshe,” Kameny said, 1968. More than any other activist of his generatn, he sisted that gay people had to clare themselv openly. He died last year, at the age of eighty-six; his home is now on the Natnal Register of Historic Plac.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">The tumult of the sixti allowed the next generatn of lbians and gays to drop the faça of polse: “black power” bred “fag power” and “dyke power.” But lears of the left did not sh to embrace the latt surgent mory. Betty Friedan viewed lbians as a “lavenr menace”; Tom Hayn ma homosexuals feel unwele Stunts for a Democratic Society. Hirshman argu that gay groups were actually fortunate their isolatn. “The more clive [a movement] be of other inti,” she wr, “the weaker gets.” Avoidg, to some extent, the groupthk and the fightg that n plague mory alns, the gay-rights movement kept barrellg sgle-mdly ahead and, an astonishgly short perd of time, moved om social oblivn to the moral high ground.</p><p class="paywall">The most important nsequence of Stonewall was the gay-pri para that marked the first anniversary of the uprisg. Amid the sexual rnival of the seventi, gay life started to look fun rather than fearful. Polics followed su. Activists beme expert manipulators of a sensatn-seekg media: the technique of the “zap,” of the out-of-the-blue prott, was ed to good effect, notably at the 1971 meetg of the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn. When monstrators began prottg aversn therapy and other “cur,” one attene shouted, “Faggot! Get out of here!” Sudnly, the psychiatrists looked crazier than their patients. The classifitn of homosexualy as a mental disorr was scrapped two years later.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-3 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall"><em class="small">AIDS</em>, the domant event morn gay history, ially threatened to rtore the Dark Ag. Much of the untry believed that people wh the disease should be quaranted, and William F. Buckley proposed tattoog their arms and buttocks. Yet Hirshman discerns a “terrible polil payoff” the reactn to the crisis. Wh a few years, the spectacle of so much raw emotn—lovers grievg, fai and iends mourng, the discipled rage of Larry Kramer and <em class="small">ACT UP</em>—had humanized a populatn monly picted as soulls narcissists. Gallup polls ht at the persuasive power of <em class="small">ACT UP</em> and of the <em class="small">AIDS</em> Quilt, which was displayed on the Washgton Mall, 1987, and then began tourg the untry. In 1988, fifty-seven per cent thought that gay sex should be illegal; a sgle year, the number dropped to thirty-six per cent.</p><p class="paywall">The tastrophe of <em class="small">AIDS</em> also helped to spire the qut for gay marriage. So much illns and ath unrsred agonizg equali: lovers lacked the right to vis each other the hospal or to oversee funeral arrangements. The next gay generatn tend to emphasize monogamy over promiscuy, at least theory. In 1993, Andrew Sullivan, then the edor of <em>The New Republic</em>, wrote a wily noticed say lled “The Polics of Homosexualy,” proposg that the movement foc on two issu: same-sex marriage and gays the ary. He argued that fightg for those goals would nfer a digny and a nobily that uld not easily be won by other polil means.</p><p class="paywall">In the neti, talk of gay marriage sound kooky and futuristic, like somethg out of a left-wg versn of “The Jetsons.” In the electns of 2004, when measur agast gay marriage passed eleven stat, the mpaign appeared to have backfired. Over time, though, the ncerted emphasis on marriage and the ary generated creasgly potent polil imagery: elrly gay men pleadg for regnn of their s-long relatnships, lbian ex-officers ttifyg wh ary tersens. The ennoblg effect that Sullivan had predicted me to pass. I felt 2005, when my partner, Jonathan Lisecki, and I spontaneoly got married durg a trip to Toronto. When you get married, your relatnship is taken more serly by those around you; when you are also gay, the sense of public affirmatn go strikgly ep. Friends reacted as if we had done somethg vaguely heroic. I realized, as wh g out, that personal gtur ripple outward to polics.</p><p class="paywall">However long tak for a real victory to be certified—no matter what happens on Electn Day, will be too early to unfurl a “Missn Acplished” banner—the once ragtag march of lovers has acquired an air of evabily. Edh Ey’s prophecy is almost fulfilled: gays are more or ls regular folk. All the same, many who me out durg the Stonewall era are wonrg what will be lost as the muny sheds s pariah stat. They are baffled by the latter-day cult of marriage and the ary—emblems of Eisenhower’s Ameri that the Stonewall generatn joyfully rejected. The gay world is nontg a qutn wh which Jews, Ain-Amerins, and other margalized groups have long been faiar: the price of assiatn.</p><h2 class="paywall">III. THE FALL OF GAY CULTURE</h2><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">In March, 2000, David Halper, an English profsor at the Universy of Michigan, was preparg to teach a class lled “How to Be Gay: Male Homosexualy and Iniatn.” The ia was to explore how gay men fe themselv, not terms of sex but terms of taste. Halper wanted to anatomize the motley array of cultural activi that had e to be associated wh gay-male life: mil theatre, grand opera, baret, Bette Davis and Joan Crawford movi, and var other artifacts gathered unr the problematic name “mp.” When <em>Natnal Review</em> got hold of Halper’s class scriptn, there was predictable hysteria on the right, along wh some sniggerg the gay prs. One si saw evince of a dangero recg drive; the other, a pedantic quiry to the screamgly obv. The Universy of Michigan held fast, and Halper tght the class for several years. His book of the same tle begs wh an acunt of the brouhaha, and then livers a summary—exhstive, discursive, at tim tratg, but always absorbg—of what he learned om all.</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="“My aged cheddar died”" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></a><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE gdZTpI ptn RponsiveCartoonCaptn-dokfdF hJgaLQ rponsive-rtoon__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo bsWloa ptn__text">“My aged cheddar died!”</span></div><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTA-eiqqMB iDCQRs"><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTAWrapper-CYIqa iTbFtf"><div class="RponsiveCartoonLkButtonWrapper-hqDAJK eSEhbj"><button aria-label="Copy lk to rtoon" class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Copy lk to rtoon</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-pylk" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Copy lk to rtoon</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178637)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M16.3488 10.5017C16.2107 10.7357 16.2926 11.035 16.5318 11.17C16.7709 11.3052 17.0767 11.225 17.2148 10.991L18.4648 8.87225C19.5694 7.00002 18.9139 4.60601 17.0007 3.52508C15.0875 2.44415 12.6412 3.08562 11.5366 4.95785L9.53657 8.34782C8.432 10.22 9.08751 12.6141 11.0007 13.6949C11.1888 13.8012 11.382 13.8908 11.5785 13.9642C11.7819 14.0403 12.0058 13.9485 12.1147 13.764C12.2794 13.4849 12.1103 13.1276 11.8083 12.9992C11.7041 12.9549 11.6014 12.9044 11.5007 12.8475C10.0658 12.0368 9.57417 10.2413 10.4026 8.83712L12.4026 5.44715C13.2311 4.04298 15.0658 3.56187 16.5007 4.37257C17.9356 5.18327 18.4272 6.97878 17.5988 8.38295L16.3488 10.5017ZM7.6526 13.4983C7.79067 13.2643 7.70873 12.965 7.46959 12.8299C7.23044 12.6948 6.92464 12.775 6.78657 13.009L5.53657 15.1278C4.432 17 5.0875 19.394 7.00068 20.475C8.91385 21.5558 11.3602 20.9144 12.4648 19.0422L14.4648 15.6521C15.5694 13.78 14.9139 11.3859 13.0007 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ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Shop</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-rt" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Shop</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178638)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M4 3H2V4H4.23828L6.99617 15.2631C7.11483 15.6982 7.50998 16 7.96094 16H18.0365C18.4875 16 18.8826 15.6982 19.0013 15.2631L20.9648 7.26312C21.1383 6.62698 20.6594 6 20 6H10V7H20L18.0365 15H7.96094L5.03652 3H4.58055H4ZM10.0365 19C10.0365 19.5523 9.58881 20 9.03652 20C8.48424 20 8.03652 19.5523 8.03652 19C8.03652 18.4477 8.48424 18 9.03652 18C9.58881 18 10.0365 18.4477 10.0365 19ZM11.0365 19C11.0365 20.1046 10.1411 21 9.03652 21C7.93195 21 7.03652 20.1046 7.03652 19C7.03652 17.8954 7.93195 17 9.03652 17C10.1411 17 11.0365 17.8954 11.0365 19ZM18.0365 19C18.0365 19.5523 17.5888 20 17.0365 20C16.4842 20 16.0365 19.5523 16.0365 19C16.0365 18.4477 16.4842 18 17.0365 18C17.5888 18 18.0365 18.4477 18.0365 19ZM19.0365 19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">In “How to Be Gay,” Halper speaks of avoidg amic jargon and addrsg the general rear. While he don’t que stick to that—anyone unfaiar wh the trite work of the lerary scholar Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick will stumble over the phrase “the epistemology of the closet”—much of the book is straightforward style. It is focsed almost entirely on the male experience, although siar bat have unfold over the seemg cle of butch style lbian culture. The chief virtue of the book is s unblkg ncentratn on an issue that has seldom been treated pth: gay men’s shame about their past, their urge to wish away. Halper, who me of age durg the heyday of gay liberatn, the seventi, wr:</p><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>Gay men my age prid themselv on their generatnal difference. We were dimly aware that for a lot of gay men ten or twenty years olr than , beg gay had somethg to do wh likg Broadway mils, or listeng to show tun or torch songs or Judy Garland, or playg the piano, wearg fluffy sweaters, drkg cktails, smokg cigarett, and llg each other “girliend.” . . . From my youthful perspective, which aspired fervently to qualify as “liberated,” those old queens were sad remnants om a bygone era of sexual reprsn—victims of self-hatred, ternalized homophobia, social isolatn, and state terror. (It did not occur to me at the time that some lgerg self-hatred or ternalized homophobia of my own might be rponsible for the righteo aversn I felt to <em>their</em> self-hatred and homophobia, or what I took to be such.)</p></div></blockquote></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="hknm3n"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa EOneK body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">Later, Halper had send thoughts about his rejectn of the gay past. A boyiend tutored him the “cultural curriculum,” and he surrenred to s quat charms. This acunt will rg te for many rears: the same history keeps repeatg. Cir 1990, when I me out, the macho gay culture of the seventi seemed abject, the Judy Garland bs antediluvian. I wanted very much not to be <em>that</em> kd of gay. The new thg was to drs fad T-shirts and listen to die rock. When I was workg at a gay-oriented vio store, I sndalized fellow-workers by revealg that I had never seen “The Wizard of Oz.” At that time, I wanted to activate a sexual existence but otherwise rema the same person. I found, though, that livg the life of a guy who “jt happens to be gay,” as the phrase go, n be lonely. Comg out don’t make you at home the world; nor, certaly, do sex. You need bonds beyond sex: a muny, a culture, a shared set of obssns.</p><p class="paywall">How n someone be gay whout havg seen “Mildred Pierce” or “The Wizard of Oz”? To answer that, you first have to know what such movi have to do wh beg gay. Halper observ, as others have before him, that gay boys often display stereotypil tast long before sex enters the picture. As he pots out, sexualy is the area where gay men differ <em>least</em> om straight men: the male heat is a uniform animal. Gay taste is somethg more sgular, probably lked to cipient feelgs of dissiary om one’s peers. This alienatn n happen class, or the locker room, or at a iend’s hoe when straight porn is unveiled. However the experienc unfold, they have a lastg impact, equivalent to a trma wh no visible e. One mon rponse is preëmptive whdrawal. The boy buri himself some obscure athetic pursu. One self-help book lls “velvet rage.” My ignorance of “The Wizard of Oz” didn’t save me om beg a typil se: at the age of ten, I veloped a peculiar predilectn for Atro-German symphoni.</p><p class="paywall">Of urse, a love for Goln Age movi or terr sign is not necsarily a telltale sign. Plenty of straight kids flee om the locker room to the Drama Club, and plenty of gay kids thrive at sports**.** Yet the anecdotal evince for the early onset of gay taste is vast. In retrospect, my mania for Beethoven may have been a way of fortallg a reckong wh my sexualy: rather than m myself, I disappeared to a flhls realm. Halper se another dimensn to this kd of engagement—a willful ristance to the male-adolcent herd, a form of quasi-polil dissince. It’s a heady ia to attribute polil motiv to gay children, but Halper is on to somethg. The fanatil twelve-year-old athete displays somethg like cultural disobedience.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-4 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">The trickit ponent of gay-male culture is the role of women s midst. Femist crics have long tected misogynist mockery drag acts and gay men’s howlg rponse to melodramatic scen that were not tend to be funny, such as Joan Crawford’s verbal annihilatn of her aloof, grate dghter “Mildred Pierce.” Halper, like many before him, se a more plex intifitn at work. Crawford matas a flawlsly high pch as she gyrat between “feme glamour” and “feme abjectn,” and the typil gay male viewer may feel at home at both extrem: so many gay kids work at prentg a perfected surface to the world, and so many are hound by the fear that some grotque exposure will tear down.</p><p class="paywall">At the same time, the plunge to abjectn n be liberatg—“the polics of emotn,” Halper lls , of “losg ,” of “righteo, triumphant fury.” (That young man at the Jack the Box, spe his at-boy affect, had a Joan Crawford qualy.) Furthermore, as the femist theorist Judh Butler has argued, the extravagant diva turns, and, more particularly, the drag acts that perpetuate them, reveal the artificialy of nventnal genr rol, the “hyperbolic stat of the norm self.” As Halper puts , “every inty is a role or an act.” It’s jt that straight-male performance is granted stant thenticy. Super Bowl Sunday, seen om a certa angle, is a pageant as trite and ntrived as the annual vasn of the drag queens on Fire Island.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">Havg plsibly fed gay culture, Halper ponrs s fate. Its mise has been prophied many tim, often wh eagerns: already 1944, Robert Dunn sounds fed up wh the r of mp. In the neti, there was a vogue for the phrase “post-gay,” signifyg life outsi the ghetto, and 2005 Andrew Sullivan announced the “end of gay culture.” Yet, like Sarah Bernhardt, mp always seems to be g around for one more farewell tour. Chris Colfer, the fearlsly swishy young actor who has bee the star of “Glee,” has revived the cult of Judy and Babs for the post-lennial generatn. Curly, Halper don’t mentn “Glee,” but he says that his gay stunts lap up all that antiquated lore, effortlsly unravellg s s. He also not that the gay dience tends to lose tert when d msag give way to explicly affirmative on. Lady Gaga tried to wre a new gay anthem wh “Born This Way,” yet the song failed to igne the clubs and bars as “Poker Face” had before . Subtext is sexier.</p><p class="paywall">In the straight world, meanwhile, the mortal fear of beg mistaken for gay is weakeng. Halper uld have add a chapter on the semtics of “Call Me Maybe,” the pop dty by Carly Rae Jepsen that beme a monster h this past summer, thanks part to YouTube vios where everyone om Jt Bieber to Col Powell was seen sgg along. The official vio gave the song a queer vibe om the outset: the sger se a half-naked young man mowg the lawn, requts a possible telephone nnectn, and then disvers, to her dismay, that he prefers his own kd. (His “Call me” pantomime to another guy is more than a b mp.) The most popular of the lip-synch vios featur members of the Harvard baseball team, all their macho splendor. Such gayish vortg would have been unthkable a generatn ago. Likewise, you knew that the days of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell were numbered when soldiers statned war zon upload vios of themselv prancg suggtively to Ke$ha’s “Blah Blah Blah” and other dance hs. At certa moments, straight people n seem gayer than the gays.</p><p class="paywall">This is pecially noticeable when—as Halper wr, his acidulo fal chapter—gay people are “preeng themselv on their dullns, monns, averagens.” He also laments the rise of onle hookup s, which, he says, are erasg the msy diversy of gay bars. “Sometim I thk homosexualy is wasted on gay people,” Halper says, wh what I take to be a Bette Davis swl. Other amic wrers have veighed agast the New Gay Normalcy. The most fluential of them is the Yale profsor Michael Warner, whose 1999 book, “The Trouble wh Normal,” attacks the nstrats of straight and gay marriage alike, celebratg stead porn stor, sex clubs, cisg grounds, and other s of what he lls “the queer ethos.” The scholars also mata that imagery of wholome relatnships and talk of the power of the “gay dollar” signal a lln wh social nservatism, wh market palism, even wh an imperial Amerin foreign policy.</p><p class="paywall">As a married gay man wh three ts, I’m chastened by this crique of domticy, but I’m not entirely swayed by . The queer ethos has s own nfements, s own sentialism: the implitn is that anyone who go for marriage is betrayg the bohemian sence of gayns. Both sis of the bate tend to rce the dizzyg variety of gay liv to an ial ndn: eher you’re prowlg the bars or you’re garng the Berkshir. It is possible to do both, or, perhaps, to transn gently om one to the other as time go by. There are riddl of love and lt that iology will never solve.</p><p class="paywall">Still, Halper is right to fend the old ruals and the lgo and body language that go wh them. Those who f the classic stereotyp—the on who get lled queer, faggot, pansy, sissy—have been abed one society after another, whatever the prevailg attu toward same-sex acts. The sult “<em>magn cas</em>”—sentially, “big fag”—n be found on the walls of Pompeii. Sadly, gay men are pable of g such language agast one another. A Web se voted to cullg obnox msag om gay hookup s clus the followg: “Don’t be gay,” “No fats or fems,” “If you have a broken wrist keep mov’.” Fleeg stereotyp, gay men too often fall to a eper nformy—the rigid choreography of the average male.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="prmu1n"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="mjo8a"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa EOneK body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall">So long live mp, and all the other cultural pursus that gay people have tradnally embraced. Perhaps the historic votn to theatre, opera, high fashn, and other venerable discipl will wher away, but seems likely that many gay kids will still feel the trma of difference and go on seekg refuge artier spher. Halper speaks of a “tensn between egalarian ethics and hierarchil athetics” gay taste; he se as a snobbery not of class but of knowledge, open to all who n hold their own. It stands opposn to a society that jos egalarian athetics—the notn that the perfect cultural product appeals to all—to an enomic system whose equali bee more glarg by the day. Gay culture’s long memory, s arch sympathy for fadg worlds, is a check agast the razg of the past.</p><h2 class="paywall">IV. JESUS AND THE CENTURION</h2><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">To read through the seismographic rerd of the gay movement, wh s sudn wav of reprsn and s equally abpt forward leaps, is to nont the unpredictable dynamics of bigotry. In the fifti, the prejudice seemed monolhic, yet s effects were arbrary, stroyg some liv and leavg others untouched. A man fired om the State Department blows his bras out on the rner of Twenty-first Street and Virgia Avenue; Tman Capote swans across late-night TV. Intolerance has a way of dissolvg one place and beg feral another. In large ci, beg gay has never been easier; some vout small towns, may never have been harr. As Amerin gays chatter of victory, their Iranian unterparts hab a medieval world of flogggs and public hanggs.</p><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kKwZhx rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="RponsiveCartoonWrapper-iTMMjI eXTYsS rponsive-rtoon AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset viewport-monor-anchor"><a class="external-lk rponsive-rtoon__image-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa RponsiveCartoonImage-hzNqyc ikeCcH rponsive-rtoon__image rponsive-image"><noscript><img alt="“Though you be a villao sundrel fairns mands I rm you thats your cell.”" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></a><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE gdZTpI ptn RponsiveCartoonCaptn-dokfdF hJgaLQ rponsive-rtoon__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo bsWloa ptn__text">“Though you be a villao sundrel, fairns mands I rm you that’s your cell.”</span></div><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTA-eiqqMB iDCQRs"><div class="RponsiveCartoonCTAWrapper-CYIqa iTbFtf"><div class="RponsiveCartoonLkButtonWrapper-hqDAJK eSEhbj"><button aria-label="Copy lk to rtoon" class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Copy lk to rtoon</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-pylk" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Copy lk to rtoon</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178637)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M16.3488 10.5017C16.2107 10.7357 16.2926 11.035 16.5318 11.17C16.7709 11.3052 17.0767 11.225 17.2148 10.991L18.4648 8.87225C19.5694 7.00002 18.9139 4.60601 17.0007 3.52508C15.0875 2.44415 12.6412 3.08562 11.5366 4.95785L9.53657 8.34782C8.432 10.22 9.08751 12.6141 11.0007 13.6949C11.1888 13.8012 11.382 13.8908 11.5785 13.9642C11.7819 14.0403 12.0058 13.9485 12.1147 13.764C12.2794 13.4849 12.1103 13.1276 11.8083 12.9992C11.7041 12.9549 11.6014 12.9044 11.5007 12.8475C10.0658 12.0368 9.57417 10.2413 10.4026 8.83712L12.4026 5.44715C13.2311 4.04298 15.0658 3.56187 16.5007 4.37257C17.9356 5.18327 18.4272 6.97878 17.5988 8.38295L16.3488 10.5017ZM7.6526 13.4983C7.79067 13.2643 7.70873 12.965 7.46959 12.8299C7.23044 12.6948 6.92464 12.775 6.78657 13.009L5.53657 15.1278C4.432 17 5.0875 19.394 7.00068 20.475C8.91385 21.5558 11.3602 20.9144 12.4648 19.0422L14.4648 15.6521C15.5694 13.78 14.9139 11.3859 13.0007 10.305C12.8127 10.1988 12.6195 10.1091 12.4229 10.0357C12.2195 9.95975 11.9956 10.0515 11.8867 10.236C11.7221 10.5151 11.8911 10.8724 12.1932 11.0008C12.2973 11.0451 12.4 11.0956 12.5007 11.1525C13.9356 11.9632 14.4272 13.7587 13.5988 15.1628L11.5988 18.5529C10.7704 19.957 8.93555 20.4382 7.50068 19.6274C6.0658 18.8167 5.57417 17.0212 6.4026 15.6171L7.6526 13.4983Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178637"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178637"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button><div class="AlertWrapper-gvFATk MdjE RponsiveCartoonLkAlertPopup-BPAXn kdMXRM shoppg-alert" role="dialog"><div aria-hidn="te" role="prentatn" class="AlertArrow-daOgye AlLda alert-arrow"></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ AlertMsage-jgAjgo bVCFRm ifgabc iOlxjf alert-msage"><p aria-hidn="te">Lk pied</p></div></div></div><button aria-label="Shop" class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv YsOBB button button--primary-pair RponsiveCartoonInButton-hBCBMq lpsjql" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="button"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN bBWXSg button__label">Shop</span><div class="ButtonInWrapper-gFdzAL bPDyTT button__in-ntaer"><svg class="in in-rt" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="><tle>Shop</tle><g clip-path="url(#clip0_3732_178638)"><path fill-le="evenodd" clip-le="evenodd" d="M4 3H2V4H4.23828L6.99617 15.2631C7.11483 15.6982 7.50998 16 7.96094 16H18.0365C18.4875 16 18.8826 15.6982 19.0013 15.2631L20.9648 7.26312C21.1383 6.62698 20.6594 6 20 6H10V7H20L18.0365 15H7.96094L5.03652 3H4.58055H4ZM10.0365 19C10.0365 19.5523 9.58881 20 9.03652 20C8.48424 20 8.03652 19.5523 8.03652 19C8.03652 18.4477 8.48424 18 9.03652 18C9.58881 18 10.0365 18.4477 10.0365 19ZM11.0365 19C11.0365 20.1046 10.1411 21 9.03652 21C7.93195 21 7.03652 20.1046 7.03652 19C7.03652 17.8954 7.93195 17 9.03652 17C10.1411 17 11.0365 17.8954 11.0365 19ZM18.0365 19C18.0365 19.5523 17.5888 20 17.0365 20C16.4842 20 16.0365 19.5523 16.0365 19C16.0365 18.4477 16.4842 18 17.0365 18C17.5888 18 18.0365 18.4477 18.0365 19ZM19.0365 19C19.0365 20.1046 18.1411 21 17.0365 21C15.932 21 15.0365 20.1046 15.0365 19C15.0365 17.8954 15.932 17 17.0365 17C18.1411 17 19.0365 17.8954 19.0365 19Z" fill="black"></path></g><fs><clipPath id="clip0_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath><clipPath id="clip1_3732_178638"><rect width="24" height="24" fill="whe"></rect></clipPath></fs></svg></div></button></div></div></div></span></div></figure><p class="paywall">An elemental qutn kept crossg my md as I browsed dozens of volum of gay history and theory: Why has this small part of the populatn ed such vexatn across the centuri? What spir such profound ntempt, ntempt that is scribed the texts of several world religns? I grew up the Greek Orthodox church, servg for a time as an altar boy, and attend an Epispalian high school. Although I don’t rell hearg nunciatns of homosexualy eher place, I certaly beme aware of the most vehemently anti-gay passag the Christian tradn, and they both sred and mystified me. St. Thomas Aquas uld be found sayg that the “s agast nature” was among the gravt of offens, bee entails “the rptn of the prciple on which the rt pend.” The rponse is disproportnate, as if Aquas were rpet-bombg an elive target. There is much evil unr the sun, and Rosie O’Donnell’s gay-fay cise is not the prime e of .</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">The retreat of anti-gay feelg the secular Wt probably has much to do wh the realizatn that homosexualy is not a choice, a “life style,” but, rather, a life. I knew I was gay before I nscly met a gay person; I me out before I had sex. No life style drew me ; if anythg, the life style kept me away. Recent scientific rearch has prented murky evince of a geic basis for homosexualy. The nroscientist Simon LeVay, his 2010 book, “Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why,” rms me that the third terstial nucls of my anterr hypothalam is probably smaller than is most straight men. If, ed, gay people are born this way, as Lady Gaga avers, be a ltle harr to ll them sners or beat them up.</p><p class="paywall">Yet most gay historians rist any pictn of homosexualy as a fixed tegory transcendg time. Ever sce Michel Fouult published the first volume of his “History of Sexualy,” 1976, sexual inty has often been portrayed as a “social nstctn,” as the jargon go. David Halper ma his name as a Fouuldian; his 1990 book, “One Hundred Years of Homosexualy,” shows ripe tail how the mor of ancient Greece differed om our own. Same-sex acts were nsired normal wh set bounds: an adult male uld impose himself on boys, foreigners, or slav, but to subm to another of equal stat was shameful. It appears that untls Greeks dulged such behavr not bee they were geilly distct but bee so many others were dog . Aspects of that old regime persist prisons, same-sex schools, and societi where women are segregated om men. In Kandahar, for example, Pashtun men make a cult of teen-age boys. Even if geics predict certa sir, social forc n transform them.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-5 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">If, as Halper and others sist, is nonsense to speak of a gay-straight dichotomy Gre-Roman tim, is also nonsense to sert the word “homosexualy” to the Old and New Ttaments, as some morn translatns do. Bishop Gene Robson’s “God Believ Love,” a slenr book that rri blurbs om Barack Obama and Dmond Tutu, mak this pot repeatedly. Robson is the gay Epispal prit who helped to set off a semi-schism the Anglin Church when he was elected Bishop of New Hampshire, 2003. He opens his say wh faiar tal of a nfed childhood and early adulthood, but says that his stggl never ed a crisis of fah. Rather, he me to believe that by hidg his sexualy he was beg untthful to God.</p><p class="paywall">When Robson exam Biblil passag that nmn gay acts, he emphasiz, social-nstctnist fashn, gaps between ancient and morn practic. St. Pl, the Letter to the Romans, veighs agast all manner of fornitors, cludg men and women who act “agast nature.” Elsewhere, Pl employs the word <em>arsenokoai</em>, which he evintly ed: “man-liers” would be a leral translatn. In all likelihood, Pl was talkg about attachments between olr men and boys, sce those were the most prevalent same-sex pairgs his time. He almost certaly did not have md anythg like, say, the twenty-seven-year relatnship between the late astront Sally Ri and her partner, Tam O’Shghnsy. Robson asks, “Do we really want to base our nmnatn of an entire group of people on a shaky translatn of an unknowable Greek word?”</p><p class="paywall">Pl’s vague strictur harned to dogma the early Christian era. St. John Chrysostom reached the dire ncln that sodomy was worse than murr: “The murrer dissevers the soul om the body, but [the sodome] s the soul wh the body. . . . For I should not only say that thou hast bee a woman, but that thou hast lost thy manhood.” The problem wh gay sex, other words, is that unrm the domance of the male. Ironilly, the Greeks and the Romans followed the same logic censurg effemate mal. The pagan and Christian worlds had more mon than the church fathers might have liked to adm—pecially when you look at the persistence of pedophilia the prithood. J Christ did not speak the same hierarchil language. Why did Mosaic law allow men to divorce their wiv while women uld not divorce their hbands? “Bee of the hardns of your hearts.”</p><p class="paywall">J is famoly silent on the subject of same-sex love. “If homosexualy is such a heo s agast God, why do J himself never refer to ?” Robson wr. “Why no mentn of an issue now g entire church to spl?” This silence has not stopped some on the Christian right om lotg an objectn to gay marriage J’ disquisn on divorce: “He which ma them at the begng ma them male and female. . . . What therefore God hath joed together, let not man put asunr.” Here is the source of the slogan “God ma Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve.” But the ntext for J’ statement pots up an unrlyg hypocrisy the history of homophobia. The Amerin divorce rate climbed steeply the first part of the twentieth century, htg an early peak 1945. In this same perd, homophobia tensified to official policy. The two velopments may not be unrelated: a largely Christian natn, havg abandoned J’ teachgs on divorce, rerced s moral crentials at the expense of a iendls mory.</p><p class="paywall">In one story om the New Ttament, J’ silence be almost nspicuo. This is om the Book of Matthew:</p><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>And when J was entered to Capernm, there me unto him a centurn, beechg him,</p></div></blockquote><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>And sayg, Lord, my servant [<em>pais</em>] lieth at home sick of the palsy, grievoly tormented.</p></div></blockquote><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>And J sah unto him, I will e and heal him.</p></div></blockquote><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>The centurn answered and said, Lord, I am not worthy that thou shoulst e unr my roof: but speak the word only, and my servant shall be healed.</p></div></blockquote><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>For I am a man unr thory, havg soldiers unr me: and I say to this <em>man,</em> Go, and he goeth; and to another, Come, and he eth; and to my servant, Do this, and he doeth <em>.</em></p></div></blockquote><blockquote class="BlockquoteEmbedWrapper-sc-SdiGL jPeLne paywall blockquote-embed"><div class="BlockquoteEmbedContent-RbGs gmbtPx blockquote-embed__ntent"><p>When J heard <em>,</em> he marvelled, and said to them that followed, Verily I say unto you, I have not found so great fah, no, not Israel.</p></div></blockquote><p class="paywall">An terpretive battle has broken out over this passage, on acunt of the e of <em>pais</em>. The centurn is effectively sayg “my boy,” and some pro-gay theologians have jumped to the ncln that the relatnship was sexual, and that J implicly blsed the unn. From what is known of the private liv of centurns, the speculatn is not outrageo; Plato’s Symposium and many other sourc, a <em>pais</em> is a boy beloved by an olr man. Then aga, ’s perfectly possible that, as nservative mentators sist, this boy is nothg more than a servant; the word <em>pais</em> is entirely ambiguo. What’s strikg is that J shows no tert rolvg the ambiguy. He asks nothg about the relatnship. His eye is elsewhere. Only the centurn’s fah matters.</p><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg paywall">Impretns om the relig right notwhstandg, ho of worship are thronged wh gay people. A few years ago, an evangelil pollster disvered, to his surprise, that sixty per cent of lbians and gays nsired fah to be “very important” their liv. In a few s, they have rcued church stgglg to fd a followg; a Methodist church Columb, Oh, recently reported that attendance had more than doubled after ma a pot of welg gay parishners. The flux may have to do wh the lgerg agily of many gay liv, their proximy to danger and disorr. Even now, the unleashg of pent-up sir adulthood n e a gree of chaos wh which many socially sheltered straight people are unfaiar. Prbyterians, Epispalians, Lutherans, and Unarians, among other nomatns, have regnized this yearng for refuge; the Web se lists seven thoand “gay-affirmg” church.</p><p class="paywall">Of urse, not every church will rpond kd. It may be, as John Cardal O’Connor once toned, that the Catholic Church will be teachg that homosexualy is a s “until the end of time.” Recent history suggts, however, that change n happen bldgly fast. I knew as much when, earlier this year, I found myself standg the chapel at my high school, addrsg a meetg of the school’s Gay-Straight Alliance. The existence of such a group was staggerg enough; then, there was the fact that the gatherg was held a relig space. I stggled for words, not only bee I felt like a visor om the time of the Mattache Society—the fac ont of me betrayed ltle of the dread I once experienced—but also bee I was standg ont of an image of Christ on the Cross. I fought off the ancient sense of not belongg, here or anywhere. Eventually, I stammered out somethg along the l of what Robson stat crisply his book: nothg J’ teachgs prevents the regnn of voted gay relatnships. Ined, Robson’s tle flatly suggts that God wish so. Lda Hirshman, “Victory,” says that the gay movement nquered a fortrs of hatred on the strength of s “moral certaty.” That certaty is rooted the nvictn that abidg love nnot be a s.</p><p class="paywall">I n’t fe my current spirual beliefs wh any herence, but I keep a pocket edn of the Kg Jam Bible at my sk. The days, I pick up not only to absorb the granur of the language—Kg Jam was a man of discrimatg taste—but to wrtle wh what says. Perhaps bee is aga a polil season, wh the rights of gay people up for a vote and unr legal review, I read the story of J and the centurn as a parable about the workgs of passn the rridors of power: the centurn’s py for one unr his mand, J’ py for an unseen stranger. Those power feel visible rtrictns on their eedom to act; even when they mean to do good, they lose their nerve the face of a hard-hearted world. Sometim, though, all they need to do is speak the word. ♦</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="gf2ov5"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"><asi class="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper-iBnuqk lfXXa-D" data-ttid="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper"><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--paywall-le-barrier" role="prentatn" aria-live="pole" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--paywall-le-barrier"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></asi></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ContentWrapperGrid-fvkmBv brYtrA grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__ntaer"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class="ContentFooterWrapper-jVNdRG dTJkpP ArticlePageContentFooterGrid-ccsXYy eMZRHU article-body__footer"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><footer class="ContentFooterMagazeDisclaimer-gzKAqo iZIuUU" data-ttid="MagazeDisclaimerWrapper">Published the prt edn of the <a href="/magaze/2012/11/12" data-reactroot="">November 12, 2012</a>, issue.</footer></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="ContributorsWrapper-eNpWFu GWFsc ntributors" data-ttid="Contributors"><div class="ContributorBWrapper-bnVHbt gMon"><div class="ContributorBAvatar-bIGTqf eMWbvj"><a href="/ntributors/alex-ross"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW jvZaPI rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa rponsive-image"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span></a></div><div class="ContributorBContent-ubQdr jZTSSi"><div class="ContributorBHear-ledood XOIEx"></div><div class="ContributorBB-fBolsO giFhKz"><a href="/ntributors/alex-ross">Alex Ross</a> has been the magaze’s mic cric sce 1996. His latt book is “<a href=">Wagnerism: Art and Polics the Shadow of Mic</a>.”</div><div class="ContributorBFooter-brqDlv ezUmSv"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="TagCloudWrapper" class="TagCloudWrapper-gGgndx ctyZyK ContentFooterTagCloud-krQmRG ZLGh"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudSectnHear-cOforY iUEiRd bPyAoD kQQRmu">More:</span><a href="/tag/aids" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">AIDS</span></a><a href="/tag/ancient-greece" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Ancient Greece</span></a><a href="/tag/ancient-rome" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Ancient Rome</span></a><a href="/tag/andrew-sullivan" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Andrew Sullivan</span></a><a href="/tag/bigotry" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Bigotry</span></a><a href="/tag/mp" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Camp</span></a><a href="/tag/rly-rae-jepsen" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Carly Rae Jepsen</span></a><a href="/tag/civil-rights" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Civil Rights</span></a><a href="/tag/drag" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Drag</span></a><a href="/tag/edward-albee" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Edward Albee</span></a><a href="/tag/femism" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Femism</span></a><a href="/tag/gay-marriage" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Gay Marriage</span></a><a href="/tag/gay-rights" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Gay Rights</span></a><a href="/tag/gays--the-ary" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Gays the Milary</span></a><a href="/tag/glee" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Glee</span></a><a href="/tag/homosexualy" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Homosexualy</span></a><a href="/tag/j-edgar-hoover" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">J. Edgar Hoover</span></a><a href="/tag/j-christ" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">J Christ</span></a><a href="/tag/joe-bin" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Joe Bin</span></a><a href="/tag/philip-roth" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Philip Roth</span></a><a href="/tag/st-gte" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">St. Augte</span></a><a href="/tag/st-pl" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">St. Pl</span></a><a href="/tag/the-bible" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">The Bible</span></a><a href="/tag/the-wizard-of-oz" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">The Wizard of Oz</span></a><a href="/tag/lgbtq" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">LGBTQ</span></a></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="ContentFooterBottom" class="ContentFooterBottom-jwWZfC kcbyiW"><div class="ContentFooterNewsletterContentWrapper-bmjtna kixtae"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="NewsletterSubscribeFormWrapper" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormWrapper-fCqqkN jKSBhE newsletter-subscribe-form ContentFooterNewsletterForm-hKeYwa liPqcf"><div data-ttid="NewsletterSubscribeFormHedDekWrapper" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormHedDekWrapper-fpMElW eglIBL"><h3 class="NewsletterSubscribeFormDangeroHed-kRwWjt feDzQf newsletter-subscribe-form__hed ContentFooterNewsletterForm-hKeYwa liPqcf">Weekly</h3><div class="NewsletterSubscribeFormDek-kXonvc grEaES newsletter-subscribe-form__k">Your gui to the latt magaze and our biggt stori of the week, pl highlights om podsts, humor, and more.</div></div><div data-ttid="NewsletterSubscribeFormInputsWrapper" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormInputsWrapper-keARJE hVWbzr"><form class="form-wh-validatn NewsletterSubscribeFormValidatn-iCYa-Dt dweEln" id="newsletter" name="newsletter" novalidate="" method="POST"><span class="TextFieldWrapper-Pzdqp hNhevp text-field" data-ttid="TextFieldWrapper__email"><label class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TextFieldLabel-klrYvg iUEiRd stdEm fvoOvz text-field__label text-field__label--sgle-le" for="newsletter-text-field-email" data-ttid="TextFieldLabel__email"><div class="TextFieldLabelText-cvvxBl eeDYTb">E-mail addrs</div><div class="TextFieldInputContaer-jcMPhb oFrOs"><put type="email" aria-scribedby="privacy-text" aria-valid="false" id="newsletter-text-field-email" required="" name="email" placeholr="E-mail addrs" class="BaseInput-fAzTdK TextFieldControlInput-eFUxkf eGzzTT lglhcT text-field__ntrol text-field__ntrol--put" data-ttid="TextFieldInput__email"/></div></label><button class="BaseButton-bLlsy ButtonWrapper-xCepQ bqVKKv dwpimO button button--utily TextFieldButton-csBrgY edxbrw" data-event-click="{"element":"Button"}" data-ttid="Button" type="subm"><span class="ButtonLabel-cjAuJN hzwRuG button__label">Sign up</span></button></span><div id="privacy-text" tabx="-1" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormDisclaimer-bTVtiV bsgLJZ"><span><p>By signg up, you agree to our <a href=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">User Agreement</a> and <a href=" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Privacy Policy & Cookie Statement</a>. 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class="GridItem-buujkM kHPPIF grid--em"><div class="SummaryCollectnGridContent-eVUpRm jTGbEO"><div class="SectnTleRoot-dBGvdq hpRFVl SummaryCollectnGridSectnTle-fCmYwG izjbVn" data-ttid="SectnTle"><hear class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SectnTleHed-dKqZet dxqEAa jfOfxc jttyjJ">Read More</hear></div><div class="SummaryCollectnGridItems-DZShR jBCYOL hi-read-more-ad" data-ttid="SummaryCollectnGridItems"><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hNpSyX summary-em summary-em--article summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hKqhyj" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb cPpCwE summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/magaze/2013/09/30/the-perfect-wife" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz ktcjQn"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="The Perfect Wife" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl XMZX summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN lapGFj summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Profil</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM dVrbhU summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/magaze/2013/09/30/the-perfect-wife" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ fzzTdh summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">The Perfect Wife</div></a><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd kxnNhB jDyfzW summary-em__k">How Edh Wdsor fell love, got married, and won a landmark se for gay marriage.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Ariel Levy</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hNpSyX summary-em summary-em--article summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hKqhyj" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb cPpCwE summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/news/our-lumnists/mart-duberman-on-what-the-gay-rights-movement-has-lost" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz ktcjQn"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Mart Duberman on What the Gay-Rights Movement Has Lost" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl XMZX summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN lapGFj summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Our Columnists</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM dVrbhU summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/news/our-lumnists/mart-duberman-on-what-the-gay-rights-movement-has-lost" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ fzzTdh summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Mart Duberman on What the Gay-Rights Movement Has Lost</div></a><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd kxnNhB jDyfzW summary-em__k">By hchg the future of the movement to the vehicle of marriage, the historian suggts, gay people paid a price that may be too high.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" 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