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Portugal is one of the most egalarian untri Europe terms of lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, and tersex (LGBTI) dividuals’ legal rights. However, regardg tn Portugal still lacks specific polici, plans and terventns to protect LGBTI stunts. To asss the perceptns of self-intified LGBTI youth regardg their school ntext, a total of 663 participants (aged om 15 to 20 years old) filled an on-le qutnnaire about their school climate. One hundred and forty-six of them answered an open-end qutn about their personal experienc. A thematic analysis of the answers was nducted, and four ma tegori were intified: (i) victimizatn, (ii) g out experienc, (iii) support works, and (iv) mands. Most participants reported experienc of discrimatn, and several sourc of prejudice were intified. Furthermore, participants also regnized a lack of LGBTI rmatn school curriculum and ma several mands. Bis clive laws, we suggt that the safety and the well-beg of LGBTI youths Portugue schools pend upon others measur, such as teacher and school staff trag, curricula clive of LGBTI diversy, and lol strategi, such as Gay-Straight Allianc.

Contents:

VERY FEW PEOPLE SAY “NO WH”: GAY MEN OF COLOR AND THE RACIAL POLICS OF DIRE

Transgenr people, drag queens and mori played outsized rol at early ton of the gay rights movement, but they haven’t received the benefs of the revolutn they sparked. * gay minorities *

To do so, we brgg together the sexual fields perspective wh the growg lerature on sexual racism, an act of eher sexually excludg non-wh as potential partners or cludg racial mori as sexual partners based only on racial several scholars have noted, ntemporary gay life is marked by high levels of racism directed towards gay men of lor by gay whe men, wh much of the racism maniftg self as negative sexual attus towards, and sexual excln or fetishizatn of, non-whe men (Armstrong 2002; Bébé 2001; Epste 1996; McBri 2005; Tenunis, 2007). Th, sexual racism should be unrstood not as personal preference, but as “problematic ndns that stcture the very formatn of romantic relatnships” that is neher benign nor trivial (Bedi 2015: 998) the ia of sexual racism has been wily discsed the popular prs, and amic studi have also documented the racial hierarchy of sire the gay muny, there have been fewer attempts to systematilly exame how such racialized hierarchi of sire are unrstood by gay men of lor and, more importantly, the impact the racial hierarchi have on them. Wh any sexual field, some dividual e to be seen as more sirable than other dividuals pendg on the tras that they posss that are valued by the specific sexual field which they discsg gay sexual fields, Green (2008; 2011) intifi a number of potential tras that fluence the level of sirabily that any given dividual might posss.

In fact, sire for whens has been noted by a number of scholars examg race and racism the gay muny (Callanr, Holt and Newman 2016; Han 2007; Robson 2015; McBri 2005; Tnis 2007) other characteristics intified by Green, such as clothg or mculary, whens is a central anizg prciple the gay muny (Bébé 2001; Han 2007).

THE ‘GLOBAL CLOSET’ IS HUGE—VAST MAJORY OF WORLD’S LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL POPULATN HI ORIENTATN, YSPH STUDY FDS

The vast majory of the world’s sexual mory populatn — an timated 83 percent of those who intify as lbian, gay or bisexual — keep their orientatn * gay minorities *

As Peter Jackson (2000: 184) not:When sirabily is lked wh race, and when certa rac are ascribed greater erotic tert than others, then to be a member of an “unsexy” ethnic group is to be equated wh an ferr form of importantly, unlike other markers of sirabily among gay men that Green discs, such as amount of body hair, mculary, cloth, etc., race is an entirely ascribed stat, not an achieved one. While still utilized by a number of ntemporary scholars to exame racialized sexual stereotyp of black men and women (Buggs 2017; Stevenson 1994; Yancey 2002), the ncept of sexual racism has been particularly eful examg sexual excln of gay men of lor as potential sexual partners, as well as for examg the sexual objectifitn of gay men of lor, by gay whe men.

THE ANTI-GAY AGENDA

It is not the gay Black person who be an stment of a whe supremacist attack on Black masculy. It is the Black homophobe. * gay minorities *

Th rather than a way of simply listg their preference for whe men, onle s for seekg sexual partners have lved to venu for gay whe men to volize their racist sexual racism is more than simply excludg members of a racial group as potential sexual partners or objectifyg them as sexual others even when they are sired. While some are overt such as statements such as “no fats, no femm, no Asians, ” on onle datg apps, teractnal sexual racism also clus more subtle actns such as bars changg mic or enforcg drs s to lim the number of men of lor or gay whe men “warng” other whe men to avoid certa clubs based on the race of the clientele.

Given the fdgs, applyg a sexual racism lens to the sexual fields approach provis wh an opportuny to explore the ways that sexual fields are actively created and mataed by members of a domant group orr to create hierarchi of sexual AND METHODSData for this study me om 35 terviews nducted between December 2005 and Augt 2006 wh gay men of lor durg the ial velopment phase of the Ethnic Mory Men’s Study.

In terms of sexual sir, we found four large them, (1) the unrstandg of whens as universally sirable, (2) ways that gay men of lor negotiated racialized sexual spac, (3) impacts on gay men of lor due to sexual racism, and (4) how they attempted to nont sexual prentg the rults, we were guid by two prcipals to ensure that quot reprented both the breadth and pth of our them. For example, one gay Asian man who grew up Phoenix, where he was one of only five Asians his school, had this to say about his first experienc the gay muny:And at the time, the fashn was, “the fashn, ” meang not jt clothg but the whole, the public taste the gay world, and the kd of what was en vogue then, was this very whe, preppy, Ralph Lren image. In terms of race, the very way that the sexual marketplace for gay men is anized offers gay men of lor wh few opportuni for fdg sexual partners the same way that larger beliefs about race lim opportuni for people of lor orr to exame the role that race plays gay sir, we examed the sexual fields perspective through the lens of sexual racism, particularly that offered by Orne (2017).

ATTUS TOWARD GAY MEN AND LBIAN WOMEN MORATE HETEROSEXUAL ADULTS’ SUBJECTIVE STRS RPONSE TO WNSG HOMONEGATIVY

Mory strs theory poss that members of a stigmatized group, such as sexual mori (lbian, gay, bisexual, and other non-heterosexual dividuals), are particularly subject to ill effects of mory-specific events (strsors), cludg overt homonegativy. Although adverse effects of homonegativy are well documented for sexual mori, ltle is known about effects of wnsg homonegativy on heterosexual dividuals. As a growg number of heterosexual dividuals hold acceptg views of sexual mory dividuals, some trimental effects of homonegativy may extend to heterosexual dividuals. For example, prr studi monstrate that when racial majory-group members wns discrimatn agast mory-group members, they may experience strs rponse, particularly if they hold posive attus toward the mory-group. In this experimental study, 263 heterosexual adults (Mage = 34.47 years, SD = 9.67, 51.7% female) were randomized to eher wns homonegativy or to a ntrol ndn. Participants rated subjective strs on a 0–100 visual analogue sle both immediately before and after the film-based ductn. Participants also pleted a measure of their attus toward gay men and lbian women. Moratn analys dited that participants who were more acceptg of gay men and lbian women experienced greater strs after the ductn than those wh ls acceptg views. Implitns and limatns of the fdi... * gay minorities *

Today, however, the same groups have been nied many of the benefs of the revolutn they led the rts at Stonewall New York 1969, Compton’s Cafeteria San Francis 1966, and Cooper Do-nuts Los Angel also onted early legal Perks, a transgenr woman, risked spendg most of her life prison North Carola 1961 when she fought laws agast homosexualy. Racial mori were often vanguards for equal rights, the same groups have lagged behd example, rearchers say that while gay and bisexual men have experienced the same rat of poverty as heterosexual men, same-sex upl of lor and transgenr people have been three and four tim more likely to live poverty than their whe and straight unterparts, cg Uned Stat cens numbers and other rearch. In Eastern Europe, for example, the study found that four-fifths of sexual mori reported ncealg their sexual orientatn, while nearby Northern and Wtern Europe, only about one-third reported dog rearchers quantified the size of the global closet by first gatherg figur om one of the world’s largt data sampl of sexual mori — the European Unn Lbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgenr survey.

REARCHERS FD DISPARI SUICI RISK AMONG LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL ADULTS

Suici risk among lbian, gay, and bisexual adults vari nsirably pendg on the tersectn between sexual inty and other aspects of inty, such as genr, age, and race/ethnicy, acrdg to a study led by NIMH rearchers. * gay minorities *

About a week after DaBaby’s rant, Boosie Badazz, a hip-hop artist who me up the 1990s, went after Lil Nas X, one of the rare rappers who are openly, unapologetilly, explosns-of-glter gay, threateng to asslt me say first that the untry has quickly evolved on the acceptance of gayns, and that clus an evolutn among Black people.

I have always ntend that all of the -isms and -phobias are s, that a society that creat a hierarchy of humany wh whe, straight, cisgenr men at the apex, every person who is not whe or straight or cisgenr or male gets assigned a lower orr of that sense, racism and sexism, homophobia and transphobia all branch om the same one bias n fluence and amplify a society that treats racism as a sport, which each racial group is jockeyg agast the others, all of them shadowed by a culture of whe supremacy laced wh misogyny, anythg that rc your percentage of straight mal or “femiz” them is seen as weakeng the Black people bee agents agast Black power and Black liberatn, a weight on the this dulent this is adopted, traracial terror picks up where terracial terror left off. Homophob often e the same tactic, claimg that they are protectg children om is precisely the fense Boosie Badazz ed when appearg on “The Breakfast Club” rad show, at one pot seemgly exprsg a fear that if rappers didn’t speak out agast certa exprsns of gayns, an entire generatn of children uld be aga, to clarify: There is no amount of exposure that n make a straight man prefer a penis or a gay one prefer a vaga. Sexual attractn and sexualy jt don’t work that this simplistic notn of sexualy oms is that there are also gay children who have known they were different for as long as they have known anythg, and those children serve reprentatn and visibily; they need to know that there is nothg wrong, broken or evil about them, so that they, too, n feel normal and seen.

More broadly, work on vir or llective guilt suggts that majory-group members may feel some personal rponsibily for wrong-dog by others their social group (Lickel et al., 2005; Wohl et al., 2010) – this se, heterosexual dividuals who did not themselv engage homonegativy may still feel rponsibily when wnsg other (prumed) heterosexual dividuals actg homonegativy.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Lbian, gay and bisexual people who enunter homophobic attus experience creas heart rate, blood prsure and strs hormon, potentially puttg them at risk for multiple health problems. * gay minorities *

The creasg expansn of a global LGBT rights movement suffered a setback durg the 1980s, as the gay male muny was cimated by the Aids epimic, mands for passn and medil fundg led to renewed alns between men and women as well as angry street theatre by groups like Aids Coaln to Unleash Power (ACT UP) and Queer Natn. Wh greater media attentn to gay and lbian civil rights the 1990s, trans and tersex voic began to ga space through works such as Kate Boernste’s “Genr Outlaw” (1994) and “My Genr Workbook” (1998), Ann Fsto-Sterlg’s “Myths of Genr” (1992) and Llie Feberg’s “Transgenr Warrrs” (1998), enhancg shifts women’s and genr studi to bee more clive of transgenr and nonbary inti. ’s Covid-19 se report form, and only a handful of stat and the District of Columbia have been workg to llect such data when ttg for health experts say vaccatn is safe and that there are a number of reasons to believe that if sexual and genr mori don’t get vaccated, they are more at risk of ntractg Covid and beg severely ill than the general month the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn released a report ncludg that gay, lbian and bisexual people the Uned Stat had higher rat of self-reported unrlyg ndns like ncer, heart disease and oby than heterosexual people and are also more likely to be smokers.

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The relig anti-gay right has been knocked back on s heels by gay rights advanc. But s harst re angrily prs on * gay minorities *

Learn more: View NHAS Feral Implementatn Plan also outl feral agenci’ mments to programs, polici, rearch, and activi signed to rce HIV-related dispari and health -pth rmatn about the impact of HIV on different racial and ethnic populatns, see the CDC fact sheets:Risk by race/ethnicyHIV and Ain Amerin PeopleHIV and Hispanic/Lato PeopleHIV the Uned Stat by Race/EthnicyRisk by sexual orientatnHIV and Ain Amerin Gay and Bisexual MenHIV and Hispanic/Lato Gay and Bisexual MenFor more rmatn about the risk for different groups of people, see CDC’s HIV by Group, HIV the Uned Stat and Depennt Areas and HIV the Uned Stat by Ryan Whe HIV/AIDS Program and Racial and Ethnic MoryThe Health Rourc and Servic Admistratn’s (HRSA) Ryan Whe HIV/AIDS Program (RWHAP) provis a prehensive system of HIV primary medil re, meditns, and sential support servic for low-e people wh HIV who are unsured and unrserved. 6 lumn headled “The bter u of crimalizg homosexual behavr, ” for example, the Amerin Fay Associatn’s Bryan Fischer paraphrased another wrer, agreeg that crimalizg homosexualy had left society facg “a powerful, vic, and punive homosexual bal that is termed to overthrow pletely what remas of Juo-Christian standards of sexual moraly the Wt. But addn to hawkg that myth, the legns of anti-gay activists who followed have add a panoply of others, rangg om the extremely doubtful claim that sexual orientatn is a choice, to unalloyed li like the claims that gay men molt children far more than heterosexuals or that hate crime laws will lead to the legalizatn of btialy and necrophilia.

The Amerin Amy of Child & Adolcent Psychiatry affirmed 2013 that “[c]urrent rearch shows that children wh gay and lbian parents do not differ om children wh heterosexual parents their emotnal velopment or their relatnships wh peers and adults” and they are “not more likely than children of heterosexual parents to velop emotnal or behavral problems. The Amerin Psychiatric Associatn noted a 2000 fact sheet available on the Associatn of Gay and Lbian Psychiatrists, that alg wh gay, lbian and bisexual issu, that sexual abe do not appear to be any more prevalent among children who grow up and intify as gay, lbian or bisexual than children who grow up and intify as heterosexual.

GAYS REMA MORY MOST TARGETED BY HATE CRIM

In the Uned Stat and beyond, few shifts public opn have been as rapid and wispread as attus about lbian women and gay men. In our recent work, we explore how the media has ntributed to this major change. Our rearch shows that the media n play a transnatnal role shapg polil attus towards sexualy and mori general, pecially affectg the views of more imprsnable, younger dividuals. * gay minorities *

Anti-gay groups have been adamantly opposed to allowg gay men and lbians to serve openly the armed forc, not only bee of their purported fear that bat reads will be unrmed, but bee the ary has long been nsired the purt merocracy Ameri (the armed forc were succsfully racially tegrated long before Amerin civil society, for example). A report prented by the Council on Scientific Affairs to the AMA Hoe of Delegat Interim Meetg wh regard to reparative (“ex-gay”) therapy noted that most of the emotnal disturbance gay men and lbians experience around their sexual inty is not based on physlogil , but rather on “a sense of alienatn an unacceptg environment. The Amerin Amy of Pediatrics stated 1993 (updated 2004) that “homosexualy has existed most societi for as long as rerd scriptns of sexual beliefs and practic have been available” and that even at that time, “most scholars the field state that one’s sexual orientatn is not a choice … dividuals do not choose to be homosexual or heterosexual.

HOW THE MEDIA HAS HELPED CHANGE PUBLIC VIEWS ABOUT LBIAN AND GAY PEOPLE

* gay minorities *

However, a prev work about homophobic bullyg Portugue schools (Antón et al., 2012) revealed that psychologil vlence and victimizatn among LGBTI intified stunts are more prevalent boys; that aggrsive behavrs toward LGBTI stunts are generally unrvalued; that wnsed suatns lack terventn; and that there are signifint psychologil nsequenc for the victims of homophobic bullyg. Homophobic and transphobic bullyg clu teasg, name llg and public ridicule, spreadg mors about one’s sexual orientatn or genr inty (also known as outg), timidatn, phg and htg, stealg or damagg belonggs, social isolatn, cyber bullyg (harassment through email, cell phon, text msag, famatory webs, and social media), physil or sexual asslt, and ath threats (UNESCO, 2012). Boys are the ma victims of homophobic bullyg om earlier ag when pared to girls (Antón et al., 2012; UNESCO, 2012; Antón and Moleiro, 2015; Rodrigu et al., 2016) and negative attus and behavrs toward sexual mori and genr non-nformg persons are more prevalent among male than female stunts (Kimmel and Aronson, 2003; Costa and Davi, 2012; UNESCO, 2012; Santos et al., 2017).

Youth were eligible to participate the study if they were between the ag of 14 and 20, attend school Portugal durg the 2016–2017 school year, and intified themselv as lbian, gay, bisexual, or a sexual orientatn other than heterosexual; or scribed themselv as transgenr or as havg another genr inty other than cisgenr. Th, the most reprented subtheme related to Verbal asslts: “Durg recs and if I was alone was mon to be lled gay” (Male, 19, gay, cisgenr); followed by Non-specified bullyg/discrimatn: “… my last five years of school (…) I was a nstant victim of bullyg…” (Male, 16, gay, cisgenr); Anticipatn of discrimatn: “If I e-out as gay to everybody, probably I would have to hear some sults as fag (…)” (Male, 15, gay, cisgenr); Isolatn: “There was a lot of prejudice, I lost all my «iends» [brackets the origal statement], my class put me asi pletely…” (Female, 19, lbian, cisgenr); and Outg: “Whout my permissn, a school janor (till this day I don’t know who) rmed my parents about my alleged sexual orientatn. The least mentned subthem related to physil vlence, namely physil asslts: “My lleagu ed to strangle my neck 7th gra bee I was gay” (Male, 16, gay, cisgenr); and sexual asslts: “I was a bench talkg wh my girliend and a slightly younger boy approached and stood still one meter away om wh the hand si his pants, as if he was touchg himself” (Female, 17, bisexual, cisgenr).

School environment was mentned as many tim as School curriculum, School staff and Peers: “The school don’t have a very healthy environment terms of diversy” (Male, 15, gay, cisgenr) as agent of victimizatn, which is both nsistent wh ternatnal scholarship (Galliher et al., 2004; Pearson et al., 2007; Swearer et al., 2008; Birkett et al., 2009; Kosciw et al., 2013, 2014; Snapp et al., 2015; Gegenfurtner and Gebhardt, 2017; Day et al., 2018) and the suatn of LGBT youths Portugue schools (Lgbtqi Inclive Edutn Report, 2018).

10 ANTI-GAY MYTHS DEBUNKED

People who intify as sexual (i.e., lbian, gay, bisexual, queer) or genr (i.e., transgenr, genrqueer, non-bary) mori have siar symptoms of anxiety and prsn as heterosexual and cisgenr (non-transgenr) dividuals. * gay minorities *

Concerng heterosexual boys who have a non-nformg genr exprsn, they are often perceived as homosexual or bisexual (Rodrigu et al., 2016) and are victims of prejudice and discrimatn: “Remarks such as «queer» and «girlie» are still ed to scribe slightly effemate behavrs of straight boys” (Female, 16, bisexual, cisgenr). What seems to make a difference are classroom discsns, books the school library that addrs sexual and genr diversy (Goonow et al., 2006; Chir-Teran and Hugh, 2009), support om teachers and classmat (Kosciw et al., 2013, 2014), and specific support programs, such as Gay-Straight Allianc (Rsell et al., 2009; Poteat et al., 2013; Toomey and Rsell, 2013; Ioverno et al., 2016; Marx and Kettrey, 2016; Day et al., 2019).

In brief, our fdgs pot to (i) the urgency of mandatory teacher and school staff trag regardg LGBTI issu, (ii) the adoptn of specific polici, actn plans, and clive natnal curricula ncerng LGBTI issu, and (iii) the implementatn of programs that addrs LGBTI youths’ needs and ncerns, such as Gay-Straight Allianc.

“THE WORST PART WAS COMG BACK HOME AND FEELG LIKE CRYG”: EXPERIENC OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL AND TRANS STUNTS PORTUGUE SCHOOLS

Last week, Uganda’s Natnal Bure for Non-ernmental Organizatns banned Sexual Mori Uganda (SMUG), a proment lbian, gay, bisexual, transgenr, and queer (LGBTQ) rights anizatn, for not havg officially registered wh . * gay minorities *

:In 2020, MSM acunted for 71% of new HIV diagnos the Uned 2020, Black/Ain Amerin MSM acunted for 26% (8, 064) of new HIV diagnos and 39% of diagnos among all 2020, Hispanic/Lato MSM ma up 21% (6, 359) of new HIV diagnos and 31% of diagnosis among all 2016 to 2019, HIV diagnos creased 7% among gay and bisexual men overall.

Internalized Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr, Queer, Intersex, Asexual, Pl Phobia, Stigma, and DiscrimatnThe Reactns to Homosexualy Sle (RHS), origally veloped to measure ternalized homonegativy among MSM, clus 7 ems measured on a 7-pot Likert sle om strongly disagree to strongly agree, wh total sr rangg om 0 to 42 [, ].

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A new film, "Wele to Chechnya," documents the torture, disappearanc, and extrajudicial killgs of gay men the Rsian republic. * gay minorities *

Frd theorized that homosexualy was a rult of problems that arise durg psychosexual velopment, such as boys beg overly attached to and intifyg wh their mother stead of their father, feelg tense stratn anxiety that leads boys to reject women bee they are “strated, ” and narcissistic self-obssn that leads boys to choose an object of attractn that rembl themselv (Lew, 1988). For female homosexualy, Bieber (1967, 1969) claimed was ed by var parent-child relatnship dynamics, such as mothers beg overly rejectg and cril of their dghters, showg ltle warmth and affectn; this, bed wh “femizg” behavrs, such as not drsg their dghter pretty cloth and not teachg her okg and hoekeepg skills, ntributed to homosexualy.

E., 60–76%) of gay/lbian participants wh smaller reprentatn of bisexual, queer, and other sexual mory inti; five studi had sampl of relatively equal numbers of gay/lbian and bisexual participants; three studi clud participants wh substantial reprentatn of gay/lbian, bisexual, and other sexual orientatn inti; one study nsisted of only bisexual participants; and three studi did not provi breakdowns for sexual orientatn inti.

CHECHNYA IS TRYG TO EXTERMATE GAY PEOPLE. OUR SILENCE ONLY EMBOLNS VLADIMIR PUT AND RAMZAN KADYROV.

This paper is a systematic review and meta-analysis on sexual orientatn inty velopment ton among people who are lbian, gay, bisexual, or another sexual mory inty (LGB+). Common ton measured the 30 studi reviewed were beg aware of queer attractns, qutng one’s sexual orientatn, self-intifyg as LGB+, g out to others, engagg sexual activy, and iatg a romantic relatnship. Milton occurred different sequenc, although attractn was almost always first, often followed by self-intifitn and/or sexual activy; g out and iatg a romantic relatnship often followed the ton. Meta-analysis rults showed that the mean effect siz and 95% nfince tervals varied by tone: attractn [Mage=12.7 (10.1, 15.3)], qutng one’s orientatn [Mage=13.2 [12.8, 13.6]), self-intifyg [Mage=17.8 (11.6, 24.0)], sexual activy [Mage=18.1 (17.6, 18.6)], g out [Mage=19.6 (17.2, 22.0)], and romantic relatnship [Mage=20.9 (13.2, 28.6)]. Nohels, rults also showed substantial heterogeney the mean effect siz. Addnal meta-analys showed that tone timg varied by sex, sexual orientatn, race/ethnicy, and birth hort. Although patterns were found LGB+ inty velopment, there was nsirable diversy tone trajectori. * gay minorities *

Among the seven studi that pared the timg of ton between gay/lbian and bisexual people their analys, most studi found that gay/lbian people reached the ton of attractn and self-intifyg signifintly earlier than bisexual people (Diamond, 1998; Maguen et al., 2002; Herek et al., 2010; Calzo et al., 2011; Martos et al., 2015; Hoenig, 2016; Katz-Wise et al., 2017a). Supplementary Table 3 shows the rults of meta-analys of tone ag by sexual orientatn (bisexual and gay/lbian) based on data om four studi; two of the studi are the top tier of methodologil rigor and two are the send tier (Herek et al., 2010; Pew Rearch Center, 2013a; Fredriksen-Goldsen et al., 2017; Katz-Wise et al., 2017a); however, none of the studi examed the relatnship tone. In addn, bee bisexualy as a legimate sexual orientatn has historilly been qutned, wh views that bisexualy is a transnal step between heterosexualy and homosexualy and that very few people are tly bisexual, people wh an emergg bisexual inty may feel more nfn and self-doubt about their inty than people wh monosexual orientatns (Brown, 2002; Roberts et al., 2015; Monro et al., 2017).

Data ed to illtrate untry-level associatns between stctural stigma and sexual orientatn ncealment globally (Fig 1), cludg global regn; Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans, and Intersex Associatn (ILGA) sre; gree of sexual orientatn ncealment; and total number of sexual mori ncealg their sexual orientatn across 197 projected valu of gree of ncealment were not pped at the maximum sle value (i.

SEXUAL ORIENTATN INTY DEVELOPMENT MILTON AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND QUEER PEOPLE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

*BEAR-MAGAZINE.COM* GAY MINORITIES

How the Media Has Helped Change Public Views about Lbian and Gay People | Scholars Strategy Network .

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