The gay rights movement the Uned Stat began the 1920s and saw huge progrs the 2000s, wh laws prohibg homosexual activy stck down and a Supreme Court lg legalizg same-sex marriage.
Contents:
- GAY PURGE: THE PERSECUTN OF HOMOSEXUAL STUNTS AT THE UNIVERSY OF WISNS–MADISON, 1962–1963
- THE HISTORY OF THE PERSECUTN OF GAY MEN THE UK
- GAY PEOPLE
- GAY RIGHTS
GAY PURGE: THE PERSECUTN OF HOMOSEXUAL STUNTS AT THE UNIVERSY OF WISNS–MADISON, 1962–1963
In 1962, the Universy of Wisns began s send “gay purge” to systematilly seek out and expel homosexual male stunts. Unrgraduate and graduate stunts spected of engagg same-sex relatnships were brought before the universy’s Commtee on Stunt Conduct and Appeals, terrogated, and many s expelled. Those who ped expulsn were reprimand and erced to seekg psychologil “treatment” orr to rema stunts at the universy. Some lost their scholarships and jobs. Known broadly as the “Gay Purge,” the efforts cleanse the universy of “vice” had dire nsequenc on the liv of homosexual stunts. In s moralistic csa, the Universy of Wisns stroyed stunts’ reer prospects and ed them tremendo emotnal and psychologil anguish. The Gay Purge and the broar history of stutnalized homophobia on mp nstut a shameful blemish on the history of the universy which has yet to be officially acknowledged. * homosexual persecution wikipedia *
”[5] This mass hysteria ncerng var forms of sexual “perversn, ” cludg homosexualy, was fueled by the media, which promulgated sensatnalized narrativ of the non-normative sexual behavrs purportedly promisg the moral fiber of the natn.
A person who tri to make others homosexual], and the activy producg public display or embarrassment, the Universy vtigative role here need properly be no more tensive or vigoro than is the se wh enforcement efforts directed toward illic heterosexual activy. ” In the se of two unrgraduat who were arrted behd the Kollege Klub bee they tend to have sex, the mtee led that “the stunts are so homosexually oriented that the probabily of their repeatg overt activy of this nature is great [emphasis add]. ”[44] Wrg to the CSCA about a homosexual stunt, Gladstone asserted that would “be trimental to both this boy and to the Universy to subject him to an admistrative psychiatric evaluatn view of the uhil way that he was brought to the universy’s attentn.
The genr dispary of the purge, and the universy’s greater ncern for male homosexualy general, relat to assumptns that male homosexuals nstuted a greater threat to “moraly” bee they purportedly “sced” other men to their “liftyle. [12] See for example Benjam Glover, “Observatns on Homosexualy Among Universy Stunts, ” The Journal of Nervo and Mental Disease, Volume 113, Issue 5 (May 1951): 377–387 which has sce been retracted by the publisher; and Ante Washburne, Role of the Universy Psychiatrist, 1–2. This puts gay people wh fai at risk as one gay activist Rsia named Masha Gsen stated “I ntacted an adoptn lawyer askg whether I had reason to worry that social servic would go after my fay and attempt to remove my olst son, whom I adopted 2000.
THE HISTORY OF THE PERSECUTN OF GAY MEN THE UK
Upon the rise of Adolf Hler, gay men and, to a lser extent, lbians, were two of the numero groups targeted by the Nazi Party and were ultimately among Holot victims. Begng 1933, gay anizatns were banned, scholarly books about homosexualy, and sexualy general, were... * homosexual persecution wikipedia *
In late Febary 1933, as the moratg fluence of Ernst Röhm weakened, the Nazi Party lnched s purge of homosexual (gay, lbian, and bisexual; then known as homophile) clubs Berl, outlawed sex publitns, and banned anized gay groups. [12] Reparatns and state pensns available to other groups were refed to gay men, who were still classified as crimals — the 1935 versn of Paragraph 175 remaed force Wt Germany until 1969 when the Bunstag voted to return to the pre-1935 versn.
GAY PEOPLE
Gays, lbians, and other LGBTQ mori were ignored for s the public memoratn of those persecuted and murred. But the silence is over. * homosexual persecution wikipedia *
It was not until the 1970s and 1980s that there was some mastream exploratn of the theme, wh Holot survivors wrg their memoirs, plays such as Bent, and more historil rearch and documentari beg published about the Nazis' homophobia and their stctn of the German gay-rights movement. 5 ln Jews, Roma, Pol, Rsians and prisoners of var other natnali, and homosexuals, were murred, is not only a major ocsn for European cizens to remember and nmn the enormo horror and tragedy of the Holot, but also for addrsg the disturbg rise anti-Semism, and pecially anti-Semic cints, Europe, and for learng anew the wir lsons about the dangers of victimisg people on the basis of race, ethnic orig, relign, social classifitn, polics or sexual orientatn.... Arisg om the domant disurse of the Jewish sufferg durg the years of Nazi domatn, and buildg on the divergence of differential victimhoods brought to light by studi of the Roma and the mentally ill, who suffered massively unr the genics programs of the Third Reich, the ia of a “Gay Holot” was first explored the early 1970s.
[18] It is, however, what Michel-Rolph Trouillot terms “an age when llective apologi are beg creasgly mon”[19] as well as a time when the tablished Holot disurse has settled and legimized claims of the Jewish, Roma and mentally ill victims of Nazi persecutn so would seem an appropriate time to at least brg attentn to the bate of the Gay Holot, even if the issue is not to be settled.
A lack of rearch means that there is relatively ltle data on the dispersn of gay men throughout the mps however Hez Heger suggts his book The Men wh the Pk Triangle that they were subjected to harsher labor than smaller targeted groups, such as the polil prisoners, and furthermore suffered a much higher mortaly rate. The notn of exclivy however is challenged by the existence of siar forc workg agast different social and ethnic groups such as homosexuals and the Roma, which rulted the victimizatn and systematic stctn of homosexual liv and liftyl, as well as those of the Roma. ”[23] While the foc of the early revisns was not necsarily to terme the Nazi policy on homosexuals as genocidal, they began a current towards legimizg the victimizatn of homosexuals unr the regime, a topic that had not been addrsed until the 1970s.
GAY RIGHTS
From Henry VIII tim to the morn day, gays, bisexuals and men who have sex wh men have all been subjected to bigotry. Gay marriage has bee legalised my home untry, a huge victory for our… * homosexual persecution wikipedia *
[23] Central to the studi was the notn that statistilly speakg, homosexuals suffered greater loss than many of the smaller mori unr Nazi persecutn such as the Jehovah’s Wns and wh the mps experienced harsher treatments and ostracizatn as well as executn at the hands of firg squads and the gas chambers.
“The slowns of ernment rponse at feral and lol levels of ernment, the pcy of funds for rearch and treatment, particularly the early days of the epimic stems, Kramer argued, om ep-seated homophobic impuls and nstuted ‘tentnal genoci’. [25] The nservative rponse yield a new disurse workg agast the “Gay Holot” amia which emphasized the gay and lbian revisnism as a victimist disurse which sought sympathy and regnn as a pragmatic means of garnerg special stat and civil rights outsi those of the moral majory.
[25] Arlene Ste intifi four central elements to the nservative reactn to the Gay Holot disurse, she argu that the right is attempt to dispel the notn that gays are victims, p two tradnally liberal nstuenci agast one another (gays and Jews) thereby draw parallels between Jews and Christians and thereby legimate s own stat as an opprsed and morally upright group.
Tens of thoands of gay men and lbians were persecuted by the Nazis but stigma and a lack of rearch fundg has kept their history hidn. * homosexual persecution wikipedia *
”[26] Though she is clear that the anti-victimist disurse is not limed to right-wg polics, the se of the “Gay Holot” suat self along the polil boundari and the anti-victim disurse is highly relevant to the bate on homosexual claims to genoci unr the Third Reich. [26] Propriety, rponsibily, dividualy and nocence are the central attribut of the te victim[26] and the se of the Gay Holot disurse, the claims ma for the regnn of genoci or genocidal procs unr Nazi Germany allow the claimants to be relegated to the victimist stat, makg their 'anti-victim' claims bog.
In recent years new work has been done on the Gay Holot and rather than emphasizg the severy of stctn to muni or the exclivy of the genocidal procs of the Nazi regime, foc on the tersectns of social nstctns such as genr and sexualy wh the ntext of social anizatn and polil domatn. Gay men were put to uns wh tougher workg ndns, such as the clker works of the Sachsenhsen mp where they were manufacturg armamentsImage: Jürgen Rter/IMAGOIn 1942, 200 gay people were systematilly murred at this se, and the aths of more than 600 gay prisoners were rerd the ncentratn mp north of Berl.
There are several reasons for the late start of official remembrance and moral rehabilatn: On the one hand, this is related to the fact that practiced homosexualy was nsired a crimal offense both German stat after 1945, although liberalizatn began much earlier East Germany than Wt victims are now also memorated the Buchenwald ncentratn mp memorial near WeimarImage: picture alliance / imageBROKER.
An timated 10-15,000 men who were acced of homosexualy were ported to ncentratn mps. Most died the mps, often om exhstn. Many were strated and subjected to gome medil experiments. Collective murr actns were unrtaken agast gay tae, extermatg hundreds at a time. * homosexual persecution wikipedia *
Immediately after takg power 1933, the Nazis shut down all gay and lbian subculture venu and disband the Instute for Sexual Science Berl, found by Magn Hirschfeld Nazis disband the Instute for Sexual Science Berl, found by Magn Hirschfeld 1918Image: Bunsstiftung Magn Hirschfeld.