Physil, Behavral, and Psychologil Tras of Gay Men Intifyg as Bears - PMC

Contents:

• ABOUT THE CENTERSCE 1983 THE CENTER HAS BEEN SUPPORTG, FOSTERG AND CELEBRATG THE LGBT MUNY OF NEW YORK CY. FD MORE RMATN ON AND OUR WORK ABOUT THE CENTER. VIS ABOUT THE CENTEROUR MISSNCYBER CENTERCENTER HISTORYRACE EQUYMEDIA CENTERLEARSHIP & STAFFEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNICORPORATE PARTNERSHIPSANNUAL REPORTS & FANCIAL INFORMATNCONTACT USHOURS & LOTNSEMAPSUPPORT THE CENTER
• SEND HUNTER BIN IRS WHISTLEBLOWER INTIFIED AS GAY DEMOCRAT
• WHY ARE PEOPLE GAY? GAY BY CHOICE OR IS BEG GAY GEIC?
• HOW TO KNOW IF YOU ARE GAY
• AGE OF SEXUAL BUT AMONG YOUNG GAY-INTIFIED SEXUAL MORY MEN: THE P18 COHORT STUDY
• WHAT DO IT MEAN TO BE GAY? DEFN AND MEANG OF GAY
• WHAT DO THE NEW ‘GAY GEN’ TELL ABOUT SEXUAL ORIENTATN?
• LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR HEALTH
• MORE U.S. TEENS INTIFYG AS GAY, LBIAN, BISEXUAL, STUDY SAYS
• GAY MEN UNR THE NAZI REGIME
• WHAT IS GAY INTY?
• HOW TO DISCREETLY FD OUT IF SOMEONE YOU KNOW IS GAY
• HOW TO TELL IF YOUR BOYIEND IS GAY
• BISEXUAL PHENOMENA AMONG GAY-INTIFIED MEN
• 9 WAYS TO REACH OUT TO A GAY-INTIFIED FRIEND
• INTERACTG WH A GAY-INTIFIED FRIEND
• REARCHERS FD DISPARI SUICI RISK AMONG LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL ADULTS
• HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR?
• UNRSTANDG GAY & LBIAN INTI
• SEXUAL BEHAVRS OF NON-GAY INTIFIED NON-DISCLOSG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WH MEN AND WOMEN
• SEXUAL ORIENTATN INTY DEVELOPMENT MILTON AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND QUEER PEOPLE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
• PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS
• HARVEY MILK BE THE FIRST OPENLY GAY PERSON ELECTED TO PUBLIC OFFICE CALIFORNIA

ABOUT THE CENTERSCE 1983 THE CENTER HAS BEEN SUPPORTG, FOSTERG AND CELEBRATG THE LGBT MUNY OF NEW YORK CY. FD MORE RMATN ON AND OUR WORK ABOUT THE CENTER. VIS ABOUT THE CENTEROUR MISSNCYBER CENTERCENTER HISTORYRACE EQUYMEDIA CENTERLEARSHIP & STAFFEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNICORPORATE PARTNERSHIPSANNUAL REPORTS & FANCIAL INFORMATNCONTACT USHOURS & LOTNSEMAPSUPPORT THE CENTER

Soccultural ndns may fluence both gay inty velopment and age of sexual but, as we see that velopmental ton, such as g out and sexual but, occur at younger ag more recent birth horts, and the ntext of creasgly acceptg social and legal environments (Grov et al., 2006, 2018; Nelson et al., 2016; Sanchez et al., 2019; Warnski, 2005). G., receptive anal sex, oral sex performed), which is particularly important when nsirg differenc risk of acquirg HIV and other sexually transmted fectns (STIs) (Sanchez et al., 2019) sought to ntribute to this extant lerature on sexual but by explorg the but of a broar range of sexual behavrs among a new generatn of gay men (Halkis, 2019). Participants provid wrten rmed nsent at basele, and the New York Universy Instutnal Review Board approved all study 600 participants pleted the basele asssment, this analytic sample (n = 424) nsists of only those who intified as “predomately” or “exclively” homosexual, as scribed below, given the different patterns of health and behavr manifted gay men, as pared to non-gay intified MSM (Bowers et al., 2012).

SEND HUNTER BIN IRS WHISTLEBLOWER INTIFIED AS GAY DEMOCRAT

This fdg is cril wh the ntext of HIV cince the Uned Stat, which is hight among young Black and Hispanic/Lato gay and bisexual men, and aligns wh prev fdgs which dite that earlier age of sexual but is associated wh creased likelihood of HIV acquisn (Centers for Disease Control and Preventn, 2019a, 2019b; Halkis et al., 2011; Nelson et al., 2016; Outlaw et al., 2011). In spe of the limatns, the study is strengthened by s large sample of YSMM, which is pecially rare the extant lerature, which clus studi that group all lbian, gay, and bisexual youth together (Lowry et al., 2017) and studi wh negligible proportns of MSM their sampl (Brown et al., 2015). Wh many young gay men reportg same-sex sexual activy prr to age 15, is sential that YSMM receive affirmg, stigma-ee, and evince-based tn on all aspects of their sexual health, at appropriate velopmental stag, to rce HIV/STI cince, promote healthy sex and relatnships, and create more clive and supportive tnal environments (ACOG, 2019; APHA, 2014; Baams et al., 2017).

Bee most LGBTQ people are raised the same society as heterosexuals, they learn the same beliefs and stereotyp prevalent the domant society, leadg to a phenomenon known as ternalized homophobia, whereas LGBTQ-intified dividuals feel shame, guilt or hatred towards the part of themselv intified as LGBTQ. In rponse to their activism, many jurisdictns enacted laws banng discrimatn agast homosexuals, and an creasg number of employers Ameri and European untri agreed to offer “domtic partner” benefs siar to the health re, life surance and, some s, pensn benefs available to heterosexual married upl.

However, most shared wh gay men the sire to have a secure place the world muny at large, unchallenged by the fear of vlence, the stggle for equal treatment unr the law, the attempt to silence, and any other form of civil behavur that impos send-class article was most recently revised and updated by Alison Eldridge.

WHY ARE PEOPLE GAY? GAY BY CHOICE OR IS BEG GAY GEIC?

"Although our analys monstrated that there has been a signifint crease the proportn of girls and boys that self-intified as gay, lbian or bisexual, we nnot be certa if this reprents a te crease of this magnu, or if reflects at least part, greater fort by teens wh acknowledgg a non-heterosexual inty on an anonymo qutnnaire, " said Dr.

HOW TO KNOW IF YOU ARE GAY

Though the pop sger has been open about her sexualy for years ( 2019 she told Attu that she was bisexual and an open relatnship), she took to Instagram June to celebrate Pri Month and to talk even further about her sexualy, remdg everyone that she is, fact, a queer in who is "not gay and not straight.

The 25-year-old athlete and former Richmond Flyg Squirrels player revealed to his fans and followers that while he is no longer playg for the team, which is part of the San Francis Giants system, he is thankful for the time he had and isn't givg up on his love of baseball, pecially as an out, gay man. “This study monstrat the importance of askg about sexual inty natnal data llectn efforts, and highlights the prsg need for suici preventn servic that addrs the specific experienc and needs of lbian, gay, and bisexual adults of different genrs, ag, and race and ethnic groups, ” said Rajeev Ramchand, Ph.

Bee of the clil history of the word “homosexual, ” is aggrsively ed by anti-LGBTQ activists to suggt that people attracted to the same sex are somehow diseased or psychologilly/emotnally disorred – notns discreded by the Amerin Psychologil Associatn and the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn the 1970s. Anti-LGBTQ Terms Mastream Media Should Avoid“fag, ” “faggot, ” “dyke, ” “homo, ” “sodome, ” and siar ephetsWhile some the muny have reclaimed and e the words to scribe themselv, the creria for mastream news media g the rogatory terms should be the same as those applied to vulgar ephets ed to target other groups: they should not be ed except a direct quote that reveals the bias of the person quoted or if a LGBTQ person the term to scribe themself. More than 62% of queer cisgenr women reported attractn to transgenr women, and 76% reported attractn to transgenr men, a substantially higher proportn than was seen among lbian/gay or bisexual women (ls than 20% of lbian women were attracted to eher transgenr women or men, whereas among bisexual women, 38.

AGE OF SEXUAL BUT AMONG YOUNG GAY-INTIFIED SEXUAL MORY MEN: THE P18 COHORT STUDY

AbstractThe sexual behavrs of non-gay intified men who have sex wh men and women (MSMW) who do not disclose their same-sex behavr to their female partners (referred to by some as men “on the down low”) were examed, cludg the potential for the men to serve as a “bisexual bridge” for HIV and STD acquisn and transmissn. G., Ford, Whetten, Hall, Kfman, & Thrasher, 2007; Phillips, 2005), nsistent wh much of this disurse, we have operatnalized “men on the down low” as non-gay intified MSMW who live outwardly heterosexual liv and nceal their same-sex behavr om wiv, girliends, and other female sexual partners.

WHAT DO IT MEAN TO BE GAY? DEFN AND MEANG OF GAY

However, a number of published rearch reports, each of the characteristics—havg sex wh both men and women, non-gay intifitn, and ncealment of same-sex behavr om female partners—has been dividually associated wh more risk behavr (Agronick et al., 2004; Centers for Disease Control, 2003; Doll et al., 1992; Goldbm et al., 1998; Stok, Vanable, & McKirnan, 1997; Wold et al., 1998).

Although past rearch on bisexually intified and behavrally bisexual men has been nducted among ethnic and racially diverse sampl, the existg rearch on non-gay intified MSMW is limed by s exclive foc on Ain Amerin (Lichtenste, 2000; Martez & Hosek, 2005; Miller, Serner, & Wagner, 2005; Wheeler, 2006) and Lato men (Flson, Colon, Robl, & Soto, 2006; Munoz-Laboy & Dodge, 2005; Williams, Wyatt, Rell, Peterson, & Asuan-O’Brien, 2004). Although bisexual behavr, non-gay intifitn, and non-disclosure of same-sex behavr are more mon among Ain Amerin and Lato men than among Whe non-Hispanic men (Doll et al., 1992; Kennamer, Honnold, Bradford, & Hendricks, 2000; McKirnan, Stok, Doll, & Burzette, 1995; Montgomery, Mokotoff, Gentry, & Blair, 2003; Rietmeijer, Wolski, Fishbe, Corby, & Cohn, 1998; Ross et al., 2003), rearch dit that a substantial number of Whe men are also non-gay intified, non-disclosg, and bisexually active (Earl, 1990; Goldbm, Perdue, & Higgs, 1996; Weatherburn, Hickson, Reid, Davi, & Crosier, 1998).

WHAT DO THE NEW ‘GAY GEN’ TELL ABOUT SEXUAL ORIENTATN?

The limed data available suggt that ncealment of sexual behavr wh men om their current female sexual partner is particularly mon among MSMW (66%; Weatherburn et al., 1998), among non-gay intified MSM (29%; CDC, 2003), and among down-low intified men (67%; Wolski, Jon, Wasserman, & Smh, 2006).

It has been noted that non-disclosg bisexual men are an important but neglected target for HIV preventn efforts (Bent, Chapman, & Bray, 1989; O’Leary & Jon, 2006) addrs signifint gaps our unrstandg of the sexual behavr of a segment of the MSMW populatn most likely to engage behavrs that uld serve as a potential bridge for fectn and transmissn, we nducted a exploratory study of non-gay intified, behavrally bisexual men who had not disclosed their same sex behavr to their female partners (i. To be eligible for participatn, men had to: (1) be 18 years of age or olr; (2) not intify as gay; (3) report havg anal or oral sex wh a man the past year; (4) report havg vagal, anal, or oral sex the past year wh a woman to whom they were married or had an ongog relatnship lastg 3 months or longer; (5) have not told any of their female sexual partners the past year about their same-sex behavr; (6) speak fluent English; and (7) currently ri the New York Cy metropolan area (cludg New Jersey and Connecticut) 46 men terviewed ranged age om 20 to 60, wh an average age of 39. Insertive and Receptive Sexual Behavrs wh MenWhereas sertive and receptive sexual activi wh male partners have been found to be approximately equal their prevalence and equency among openly gay men (Agronick et al., 2004; Stok et al., 1997), among the non-disclosg non-gay intified MSMW, signifint differenc were noted the prevalence and equency of sertive and receptive sex wh men (see Table 2).

LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR HEALTH

Further, bee of the high levels of risk behavr the data revealed wh wiv/girliends and wh men who report boyiends, the fdgs suggt that is not men wh wiv and sual male partners who are most likely to report behavrs that uld serve as a “bisexual bridge, ” but rather is those wh wiv/girliends and boyiends who are at most risk for engagg risk behavr wh both male and female openly gay men who as a group report both receptive or sertive sexual activi wh equal equency (Agronick et al., 2004; Stok et al., 1997), the men were signifintly more likely to report sertive oral and anal sex wh men than receptive oral or anal sex wh men both the past year and the past 3 months. This suggts that the avoidance of receptive sex would only serve to promote and mata a non-gay intifitn to himself and his male sexual view that receptive sex is ditive of femy and a gay inty has been discsed as particularly characteristic of Lato MSM (machismo, activo/passivo; Carballo-Dieguez et al., 2004; Diaz, 1998; Williams et al., 2004) as well as Black MSM (Wheeler, 2006). Although this avoidance of feme, and therefore gay, behavr may be due to a the cultural importance of masculy and tradnal genr role norms many Lato and Ain Amerin muni, the avoidance of behavrs that might dite a gay inty may also be psychologilly adaptive given the prsur of those cultural ntexts.

Reasons for the high levels of unprotected sex wh male and female partners, cludg those suggted earlier, need to be vtigated fdgs suggt that there is a cril need to target non-gay-intified non-disclosg MSMW (as well as potentially other subgroups of MSMW) for terventns signed to promote safer sexual behavrs orr to prevent the acquisn and transmissn of HIV and other STDs. Includg safer sex promotn msag for both other-sex and same-sex partners (or even for those wh partners of both sex) the mastream media (rather than limg them to gay-specific media and venu), like those ed to rec many of the men, may reach the men whout labelg them or potentially disclosg their same-sex behavr to current study had a number of limatns that mt be acknowledged. NotOf the 32 men who were termed to be eligible, 6 had not had sex wh a wife or girliend the past year, 8 had not had sex wh a man the past year, 2 intified as gay or homosexual, and 16 had told one or more of their female sexual partners that he has sex wh orr to mata a sample balanced by race/ethnicy (approximately one-third each of Ain Amerin/Black, Lato, and Whe men) and orr to achieve greater diversy the sample on other characteristics (e.

MORE U.S. TEENS INTIFYG AS GAY, LBIAN, BISEXUAL, STUDY SAYS

Frd theorized that homosexualy was a rult of problems that arise durg psychosexual velopment, such as boys beg overly attached to and intifyg wh their mother stead of their father, feelg tense stratn anxiety that leads boys to reject women bee they are “strated, ” and narcissistic self-obssn that leads boys to choose an object of attractn that rembl themselv (Lew, 1988). For female homosexualy, Bieber (1967, 1969) claimed was ed by var parent-child relatnship dynamics, such as mothers beg overly rejectg and cril of their dghters, showg ltle warmth and affectn; this, bed wh “femizg” behavrs, such as not drsg their dghter pretty cloth and not teachg her okg and hoekeepg skills, ntributed to homosexualy. E., 60–76%) of gay/lbian participants wh smaller reprentatn of bisexual, queer, and other sexual mory inti; five studi had sampl of relatively equal numbers of gay/lbian and bisexual participants; three studi clud participants wh substantial reprentatn of gay/lbian, bisexual, and other sexual orientatn inti; one study nsisted of only bisexual participants; and three studi did not provi breakdowns for sexual orientatn inti.

Among the seven studi that pared the timg of ton between gay/lbian and bisexual people their analys, most studi found that gay/lbian people reached the ton of attractn and self-intifyg signifintly earlier than bisexual people (Diamond, 1998; Maguen et al., 2002; Herek et al., 2010; Calzo et al., 2011; Martos et al., 2015; Hoenig, 2016; Katz-Wise et al., 2017a). Supplementary Table 3 shows the rults of meta-analys of tone ag by sexual orientatn (bisexual and gay/lbian) based on data om four studi; two of the studi are the top tier of methodologil rigor and two are the send tier (Herek et al., 2010; Pew Rearch Center, 2013a; Fredriksen-Goldsen et al., 2017; Katz-Wise et al., 2017a); however, none of the studi examed the relatnship tone.

GAY MEN UNR THE NAZI REGIME

Given the soccultural prsure of heteronormativy, bisexual peopl’ attractns to multiple genrs, and their pacy to engage sexual behavrs and relatnships that may be viewed as heterosexual, there may be more nial, mimizatn, or uncertaty about their bisexual sexualy than for gay/lbian people. In addn, bee bisexualy as a legimate sexual orientatn has historilly been qutned, wh views that bisexualy is a transnal step between heterosexualy and homosexualy and that very few people are tly bisexual, people wh an emergg bisexual inty may feel more nfn and self-doubt about their inty than people wh monosexual orientatns (Brown, 2002; Roberts et al., 2015; Monro et al., 2017). Bee there is a arth of general rearch regardg this muny, and no studi to date that e quantative methods, we cid to explore this muny quantatively—g an Inter-nvenience sample, followed by a purposive suggted, the Bear culture exhibs and valu a greater sense of domant (but not necsarily domeerg) “thentic masculy” parison to other subcultur wh the gay muny (e.

G., uratn, fistg, voyrism, exhibnism) (Grov, Parsons, & Bimbi, 2010) to the active existence of the Bear muny and regnn of this subculture by the larger gay/bisexual male culture, more rearch is need to explore the gree to which the prevly mentned physil, behavral, and psychologil differenc actually exist.

Consirg the likely prevalence of a Bear inty may be held (wh varyg tenaci) by about 14–22% of gay men, the rults provi addnal evince for the manift and latent heterogeney of gay and bisexual rults regardg body tras and partner selectn nfirm, for the first time a systematic manner, fdgs documented prev terview and ethnographic studi.

WHAT IS GAY INTY?

A study that answers the rearch qutns would provi further evince to support the heterogeney hypothis: Not only is the mastream gay muny culturally heterogeneo, but so are the sexual health behavrs and problems wh last suggtn for future rearch would be to tt some of the theori generated by the current data.

(1997) evaluated a genr-specific versn of the sle a sample of 73 men and 74 women reced om a lbian, gay, and bisexual street fair Sacramento of which 18% were people of lor, 14% self-intified as bisexual, and the rt intified as lbian or modified the wordg of the ne origal IHS ems bee our study participants were men who reported sex wh both men and women, generally were attracted to both men and women, did not necsarily intify as gay or see themselv as part of the gay muny, and intified wh a range of labels for their sexualy. We chose the IBHS as a crern for the Rtricted Emotnaly, Disfort wh Affectn between Men, and Succs/Power/Competn subsl of the M-GRCS, hypothizg that those wh higher levels of bi/homophobia would report creased higher levels of the M-GRCS examed rrelatns of the sl wh psychologil distrs (Brief Symptom Inventory-53) (Derogatis & Melisaratos, 1983) and self-teem (10-em Rosenberg Self-Esteem Sle) (Rosenberg, 1979). Two of the problematic ems om the IBHS (“Havg sex wh other men is not a problem for me” and “I value my sexualy as is”) and three of the problematic ems om the IRSS (“I nnot image a lovg sexual relatnship between two Black men, ” “Black men who have sex wh men do nothg for Black people, ” and “Black homosexual and bisexual men only make more difficult for black people general”) were reverse-word ems.

HOW TO DISCREETLY FD OUT IF SOMEONE YOU KNOW IS GAY

In addn, we cid to remove two other problematic M-GRCS ems (“I never want to look or seem weak” and “I do not want to seem effemate, girlish, soft, or womanly”) and one remag problematic IRSS em (“I wish I uld be an open black gay/bisexual/same genr lovg man”) om further analys bee they failed to load on any factors the rotated factor solutn. The send factor is an ternalized bi/homophobia factor, and the fourth and fal factor is the tegrated race and sexualy 2 Rotated factor loadg and Cronbach alpha efficients the solutn om the tegoril prcipal axis factorg procreFull size tableTable 2 provis ternal nsistency reliabily timat and ter-factor rrelatns.

In other rearch on the GRCS over the years, studi wh participants om multiple rac and specifilly wh gay men nsistently supported a 4-factor, rather than a 2-factor stcture (Wter, Vogel, O’Neil, & Danforth, 2012; Zhang et al., 2015) analysis of the rced and refed set of the Modified Genr Role Conflict Sle and the Internalized Bi/Homophobia Sle and the new Integrated Race and Sexualy Sle ems admistered to a sample of Black MSMW yield a four-factor stcture nsistg of Succs/Power/Competn and Rtricted Emotnaly/Disfort wh Affectn between Men factors fed by M-GRCS ems, an Internalized Bi/Homophobia factor fed by IBHS ems, and an Integrated Race and Sexualy Factor fed by seven of the IRSS ems. In addn, the Succs/Power/Competn and Rtricted Emotnaly/Disfort wh Affectn between Men factors were posively terrrelated, but negatively rrelated wh the IRSS g an tersectnal amework to modify the measur of genr role nflict and bi/homophobia, we were able to addrs expectatns of masculy that may place a greater emphasis on sexual prows, physil domance, and gammanship for Black men and ls of an emphasis on tn, employment, and socenomic stat than for Whe men (Fields et al, 2015; LaPollo et al., 2014).

Although this may be explaed by our sle modifitns rather than the populatn foc, is not surprisg that genr-role-related nflicts for enomilly margalized Black MSMW differ signifintly om those observed the middle-class Whe heterosexual and gay-intified men who have been the most studied wh the GRCS. Inially nservative and reluctant to advote for gay rights, Milk’s views changed around the time he and his then-partner opened a mera shop on Castro Street, the heart of the San Francis’s LGBT muny, many bs owners and cizens of the largely-gay Castro District, Milk was harassed by police and lol officials. On the nth anniversary of the Stonewall Rts, shortly after his partner mted suici and the face of nservative backlash across the untry, Milk addrsed San Francis’s gay pri para, begng wh his tchphrase “My name is Harvey Milk and I’m here to rec you” and endg wh a msage of “Hope for a better world, hope for a better tomorrow, hope for a better place to e to if the prsur at home are too great.

HOW TO TELL IF YOUR BOYIEND IS GAY

BISEXUAL PHENOMENA AMONG GAY-INTIFIED MEN

9 WAYS TO REACH OUT TO A GAY-INTIFIED FRIEND

INTERACTG WH A GAY-INTIFIED FRIEND

REARCHERS FD DISPARI SUICI RISK AMONG LBIAN, GAY, AND BISEXUAL ADULTS

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR?

UNRSTANDG GAY & LBIAN INTI

SEXUAL BEHAVRS OF NON-GAY INTIFIED NON-DISCLOSG MEN WHO HAVE SEX WH MEN AND WOMEN

SEXUAL ORIENTATN INTY DEVELOPMENT MILTON AMONG LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND QUEER PEOPLE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS

PHYSIL, BEHAVRAL, AND PSYCHOLOGIL TRAS OF GAY MEN INTIFYG AS BEARS

HARVEY MILK BE THE FIRST OPENLY GAY PERSON ELECTED TO PUBLIC OFFICE CALIFORNIA