Dialectic of the Internatnal: Elaboratg the Historil Materialism of the Gay Liberatnists | Internatnal Studi Quarterly | Oxford Amic

Contents:

• INTERNATNAL GAY CEMA: 33 LGBTQ MOVI TO SEE OM AROUND THE WORLD
• THE MYTH OF THE GAY INTERNATNAL
• ACTIVISTS NMN VLENCE AGAST LGBTQ MUNY ST. VCENT, WHERE GAY SEX IS ILLEGAL
• QUEERG THE ‘GLOBAL GAY’: HOW TRANSNATNAL LGBT LANGUAGE DISPTS THE GLOBAL/LOL BARY
• FORMER 'EX-GAY' LEARS DENOUNCE 'CONVERSN THERAPY' IN A NEW DOCUMENTARY
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

INTERNATNAL GAY CEMA: 33 LGBTQ MOVI TO SEE OM AROUND THE WORLD

Through their ght relatnship wh the Cuban ernment, which reprented them as a cultural imperialist offensive agast the newly formed Communist state, the gay liberatnists veloped a dialectil nceptn of the ternatnal that acknowledged the differential nstutn of sexual life wh specific ntexts, yet sought to reveal the ternatnal systems of power that produce and regulate those seemgly distct sexual formatns across ternatnal divis.

A través su tensa relación n el gobierno cubano, que los reprentaba o una ofensiva cultural imperialista ntra el recién formado tado unista, los liberador homosexual sarrollaron una ncepción dialécti lo ternacnal que renocía la nstución diferencial la vida sexual ntro ntextos pecífis, pero que trataba revelar los sistemas ternacnal por que producen y regulan as formacn sexual aparentemente disttas a través las divisn ternacnal. Dans le dre lrs relatns tendu avec le gouvernement cuba, qui l représenta me une offensive culturelle impérialiste ntre l’État muniste nouvellement formé, l libératnnist gays ont développé une nceptn dialectique l'ternatnal qui rennaissa la nstutn différentielle la vie sexuelle dans s ntext spécifiqu tout en cherchant à révéler l systèm ternatnx pouvoir qui produisaient et régulaient c formatns sexuell apparemment distct -là s divisns ternatnal. The spread of mass media and munitns has sce enabled the creatn of virtual muni, a global nsumer culture has universalized ias of sirabily, and transnatnal stggl for sexual rights have achieved the ternatnal regnn and visibily of Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgenr, and Intersex (LGBTI) terdisciplary and expandg amic fields, such as transnatnal sexualy studi (TSS) and queer ternatnal relatns (QIR), have emerged to addrs the role of sexualy wh the procs of globalizatn.

THE MYTH OF THE GAY INTERNATNAL

A historil materialist mo of analysis expounds the divisn of the ternatnal to the distct spher of Wt/non-Wt, North/South, or re/periphery as historilly nstuted and found on palist social fd such a historil materialist approach to theorizg sexualy and the ternatnal wh the tellectual wrgs and transnatnal activi of the gay liberatn movement. This nceptn of the ternatnal acknowledged the differential nstutn of homosexual life wh specific ntexts, yet sought to reveal the ternatnal systems of power that produce and regulate those seemgly disparate, discrete, and disntuo sexual formatns across divisns of the ternatnal. ” The Gay Internatnal's ostensible liberatn project is, short, an imperialist unrtakg that is “stroyg social and sexual nfiguratns of sire” the non-Wt through the imposn of a Wtern sexual epistemology and cg non-Wtern stat to vlence agast those who display a Wternized inty of gayns (Massad 2002, 385) nceptn of the ternatnal is at work Joseph Massad's notn of the “Gay Internatnal”?

Agast Massad's reprentatn of postlonial subjects who intify as “gay” as “victims of false nscns or unwtg agents of Empire, ” Nika Dhawan (2016, 60) matas that Wtern sexual norms and inti are appropriated, rignified, and rearticulated through cross-cultural enunters and exchang. To name but a few notable exampl, Mark McLelland (2000) has highlighted the signifint differenc between the associatns of the term “gay” wh Japan and the English-speakg world, Peter Jackson (2001) has mapped the variegated ways which foreign sexual disurs have been selectively and strategilly appropriated wh Asian ntexts toward the creatn of new sexual cultur, Jasbir Puar (2001) has shown how the effects of globalizatn Tridad have revealed the limed pacy of Wtern sexual disurs to travel transnatnally, and Katie Kg (2002) has nsired the polil implitns of lol mistranslatns of the term “lbian. In an exploratn of the (dis-)affiliatns between Filipo gay men and the domant rhetoric of “Stonewall, ” Manalansan (1995, 437–38) fds that the US lbian and gay movement and s attendant narrativ of g out and the closet “do not follow a sgle axis om center to periphery.

ACTIVISTS NMN VLENCE AGAST LGBTQ MUNY ST. VCENT, WHERE GAY SEX IS ILLEGAL

Not dissiar to pal's enforcement of a differentiatn between the public and private spher, which is part based upon a genred divisn of labor, the gay liberatnists unrstood imperialism's enforcement of the differentiatns re/periphery and Wt/non-Wt to be based part on a sexual what regard is a dualistic nceptn of the ternatnal based on a sexual divisn?

The most prehensive theoretil elaboratns of gay liberatnism, Dennis Altman's Homosexual: Opprsn and Liberatn and Mar Mieli's Towards a Gay Communism, brg this dialectil relatn between the state's persecutn of homosexuals and the emergence of a policized gay movement to the Altman (2012, xi) is an Atralian polil scientist who beme part of the emergg US gay liberatn movement durg his brief stay New York Cy the early seventi. ” This quote illtrat that the term “gay” rried a cidly future-orientated qualy, vokg a utopian society where the reprsn of gay sire had been the polil dimensn of the term “gay, ” as articulated by the liberatnists, serly has signifint implitns for how we unrstand var aspects of gay liberatn history. If “gay” implied a challenge to “the very fns and martns that society has created” (Altman 2012 [1971], 244)—and therefore volved a transformatn of nscns that would supplant the mdset of inty altogether—then “g out” is more accurately unrstood as a policizatn of homosexualy than as an sentializatn of homosexualy.

QUEERG THE ‘GLOBAL GAY’: HOW TRANSNATNAL LGBT LANGUAGE DISPTS THE GLOBAL/LOL BARY

This unrstandg of the ternatnal as -extensive wh imperialist systems of social anizatn, as well as the ternal movements for their superssn, rewr as a se of polics rather than a mere scriptive tegory or a pre-nstuted terra on which polics plays gay liberatn movement largely embraced this analysis of the ternatnal.

FORMER 'EX-GAY' LEARS DENOUNCE 'CONVERSN THERAPY' IN A NEW DOCUMENTARY

” The term “gay ghetto” was therefore one way for gay and lbian activists to renceptualize genr and sexual liberatn as a fundamental transformatn stctur and relatns of power, breakg wh a nceptn of jtice as the regnn of homosexualy as a morarian liberatnist thought, however, did not simply rehearse the anti-imperialist analysis of this perd whout modifitn. He returned eply disturbed by his disveri about the ernment's historil ternment of homosexuals work mps, as well as the ongog persecutn, ghettoizatn, and abe of homosexuals and the prevalent anti-gay sentiment among his fellow brigadistas (Young 1992b [1972b], 209–10).

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Tensns began to arise between the two groups, as the gay liberatnists grew impatient wh their ras’ silence on the Cuban ernment's anti-homosexual activi, and epted a hostile nontatn the summer of 1970 when New York Cy’s Elg Theater accintally double-booked two benef showgs, one for the Venceremos Briga and one for a Stonewall memoratn.

However, Jim Fouratt, a proment spokperson for the gay liberatn movement who had helped to anize the first Venceremos Briga, was prohibed om jog the third ntgent bee the mtee cid that his ambn to anize gays and lbians there would antagonize their Cuban ras (Duberman 2019, 295).

On the third trip, the gay and lbian brigadistas were harassed and timidated, and soon after the Natnal Commtee of the Venceremos Briga issued a new recment policy that banned any lbians and gays om participatn unls they agreed to rema silent about their sexualy (Lek 2004, 60). In s official statement banng self-avowed lbians and gays om participatn the Venceremos Brigas, the Natnal Commtee referred to gay liberatnism as “a cultural imperialist offensive agast the Cuban Revolutn” that was “imposg North Amerin gay culture on the Cubans (for example, paradg drag a Cuban town, actg an overtly sexual manner at parti)” (Venceremos Briga 1997 [1972], 411). ” Many of the narrativ found wh Cuban state disurse were repeated by the liberatnists’ fellow New Left brigadistas, for whom homosexualy “reprented eher bourgeois nce, a vtige of palism that required eraditn, or a joke worthy of risn, dismissal, and harassment” (Lek 2004, 60).