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class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG gBDqlf"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa EOneK body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ArticlePageIssueDate-gHarAr iUEiRd iklptv cESBWk">From the issue of<!-- --> December 13, 2021 </span><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><div class="GenericCalloutWrapper-tojWn iHBnEl llout--has-top-borr set-embedd-le" data-ttid="GenericCallout"><figure class="AssetEmbedWrapper-eVDQiB byBkf asset-embed"><div class="AssetEmbedAssetContaer-eJxoAx dBHGoQ asset-embed__asset-ntaer"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO KhjZz AssetEmbedRponsiveAsset-cXBNxi eCxVQK asset-embed__rponsive-asset rponsive-image rponsive-image--expandable"><noscript><img alt="portra of a man ont of the pol buildg" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src=" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w, 960w, 1280w, 1600w, 1920w, 2240w" siz="100vw"/></noscript></picture></span></div><div class="CaptnWrapper-jSZdqE iTuhkZ ptn AssetEmbedCaptn-fNQBPI fmQnYP asset-embed__ptn"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">Brian Bouillon-Baker</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Illtratn by João Fazenda</span></div></figure></div><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">Three hours before Josephe Baker was ducted to the Panthéon last week, Brian Bouillon-Baker, one of her ten sons, was on the terrace of a fé Montparnasse. “We found out May that they were likely gog to nomate <em>Maman</em>,” Bouillon-Baker said. He had been summoned to the Élysée, along wh the iators of a petn urgg Print <a href=">Emmanuel Macron</a> to honor Baker’s ntributns to the performg arts, to the French Ristance, and to the fight agast racism and anti-Semism by elevatg her to the Panthéon, France’s hall of “great men.” “We had been received by Macron’s unsellors, and, at the end of our appotment, Mrs. Macron me to the room,” Bouillon-Baker went on. The Print was Bssels. Bouillon-Baker relled, “She said, ‘The Élysée is lmer when he’s away; let me show you around myself. And, I n tell you—I know my hband, and his opn is favorable.’ ”</p><p class="paywall">The <em>panthéonisatn</em> was a go, makg Baker the sixth woman, and the first woman of lor, to be so regnized. Born St. Louis 1906, she is also the first Amerin-born person (she beme a French cizen 1937) to be honored alongsi the lik of Voltaire and Hugo.</p><p class="paywall">Baker and her hband, the bandlear Jo Bouillon, adopted twelve children om multiple untri. Havg survived poverty and segregatn Ameri, Baker wanted to assemble a “rabow tribe” to serve as a livg monstratn of uny. The children’s upbrgg, at Châte s Milans, a ramblg stle the Périgord, was unual both s eccentricy and s strictns. In <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">“Joséphe Baker, l’Universelle,”</a> a new memoir, Bouillon-Baker par Milans to “a perpetual summer mp”: peacks, baboons, and tourists roamg the property; a regimen of d-liver oil, Sunday flannels, eveng prayers (“<em>Gablaiss mummy</em>”); an junctn agast mil trag. “<em>Maman</em> was a Democrat Amerin polics, but she was nservative as a mother,” Bouillon-Baker said. (He was born Brahim, Algeria, but Baker lled him Brian.) An actor, he is the only member of the tribe to have gone to showbiz. “Never big rol,” he said. “I work regularly, dubbg voic.”</p><p class="paywall">Bouillon-Baker’s fiancée, Sabe Df, stopped by the fé on her way back om gettg her hair blown out.</p><p class="paywall">“It’s a ltle too beehive,” Df said. “But ’ll e down.”</p><p class="paywall">“A mix of Lren Ball and Cathere Denve,” Bouillon-Baker said.</p><p class="paywall">At three-thirty, they got to a r headg for the Panthéon. Both wore masks imprted wh a 1945 photograph of Baker as an officer the women’s xiliary of the Free French Air Force. (“<em class="small">NEGRO DANCER REPORTED DEAD IS LIVING IN MOROCCO</em>,” a 1942 article that appeared the <em>Tim</em> proclaimed, reportg, “She liv the splendor of an Arab hoe and is driven to market behd a team of spankg bays, but her life is quiet and simple, iends say.” In fact, she had been settg up a liaison center for the French Ristance.)</p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">As the r neared the Panthéon, Bouillon-Baker gazed down Rue Soufflot, where a ff—filled wh soil om St. Louis, Paris, Milans, and Mona, where Baker is buried—would be borne along a red rpet. Bouillon-Baker said that he was “exced, joyo, proud.” He only wished that the public, gatherg eezg mist, uld get closer. “The most betiful homage she uld have had was that of the street,” Ak Bouillon, another of Baker’s sons, said later.</p><p class="paywall">Insi the Panthéon, stl of excement. Practilly the entire ernment was attendance, as were eight of Baker’s children: a generatn of stolid French people drsed warm srv and puffer jackets, the u of an Amerin a banana skirt. “Stereotyp, Joséphe Baker tak them on,” Macron said, the logy that he livered om the monument’s nave. “But she shak them up, digs at them, turns them to sublime burlque. A spir of the Enlightenment ridiculg lonialist prejudic to mic by Sidney Bechet.”</p><p class="paywall">The ocsn was polil, of urse, g an electn season and at a moment when French people of lor are qutng the disjuncture between the natnal creed of universalism and their experienc of racial discrimatn. “Yterday as today, France cherish Black Amerins while subjectg s own natnals to twenty tim more police checks when they are perceived as Arab or Black,” the journalist Rokhaya Diallo wrote, a Baker-themed edn of <em>L’Obs</em>, potg out that, while France was swoong over Baker, was exhibg her own lonized anctors human zoos. At the podium, Macron held Baker up as a fighter for “the equaly of all before the inty of each.” It was possible to terpret his emphasis on her embrace of universalism as a rebe of the “<em>wokisme”</em> that some members of the ernment believe is erodg natnal hn. “<em>Ma France, c’t Joséphe</em>,” he nclud, playg on the lyrics of Baker’s h “J’Ai Dx Amours.”</p><p class="paywall">When the sun set New York, the Empire State Buildg glowed <em>bl, blanc, rouge</em> Baker’s honor. Bouillon-Baker went to sleep happy: “Her native untry was rememberg her at last.” ♦</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box ArticlePageSplAdRail-OyjwD jikppc"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailContent-jsltpq iZDmmY spl-ad-rail-ntent"><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailTop-jUrrVY jzzFg"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="obawh"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailMiddle-tiRvu hiZeZX spl-ad-rail-middle"></div><div class="ArticlePageSplAdRailBottom-dBKMGQ jmCMsn spl-ad-rail-bottom"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="m98kwgv"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"><asi class="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper-iBnuqk lfXXa-D" data-ttid="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper"><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--paywall-le-barrier" role="prentatn" aria-live="pole" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--paywall-le-barrier"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></asi></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ContentWrapperGrid-fvkmBv brYtrA grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__ntaer"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class="ContentFooterWrapper-jVNdRG dTJkpP ArticlePageContentFooterGrid-ccsXYy eMZRHU article-body__footer"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><footer class="ContentFooterMagazeDisclaimer-gzKAqo iZIuUU" data-ttid="MagazeDisclaimerWrapper">Published the prt edn of the <a href="/magaze/2021/12/13" data-reactroot="">December 13, 2021</a>, issue, wh the headle “Maman at the Panthéon.”</footer></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"></div></div></div><div class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="ContributorsWrapper-eNpWFu GWFsc ntributors" data-ttid="Contributors"><div class="ContributorBWrapper-bnVHbt gMon"><div class="ContributorBAvatar-bIGTqf eMWbvj"><a href="/ntributors/lren-lls"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW jvZaPI rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa rponsive-image"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span></a></div><div class="ContributorBContent-ubQdr jZTSSi"><div class="ContributorBHear-ledood XOIEx"></div><div class="ContributorBB-fBolsO giFhKz"><a href="/ntributors/lren-lls">Lren Colls</a> has been a staff wrer at The New Yorker sce 2008. 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summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hKqhyj" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb cPpCwE summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz ktcjQn"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 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film, was the chief celebry victim of the natnal trma known as McCarthyism.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi cuRXdL summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Kai Bird</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hNpSyX summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below summary-em--layout-posn-image-left summary-em--layout-proportns-50-50 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm hKqhyj" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb cPpCwE summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz ktcjQn"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg bDvSkO summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="On Killg Charl Dickens" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl XMZX summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN lapGFj summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Life and Letters</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM dVrbhU summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ fzzTdh summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">On Killg Charl Dickens</div></a><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd kxnNhB jDyfzW summary-em__k">I did everythg I uld to avoid wrg my historil novel. 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