Gay, L. R., & Diehl, P. L. (1992). Rearch Methods for Bs and Management. In Hill, R. (1998) (Ed.), What Sample Size Is “Enough’ Inter Survey Rearch” Interpersonal Computg and Technology An Electronic Journal for the 21st Century. - Referenc - Scientific Rearch Publishg

Contents:

• L R GAY SUGGTS 10 OF LARGE POPULATNS AND 20 OF
• E BOOK EDUTNAL REARCH L R GAY PEARSON 2012
• DIFFERENC DIG RATS BETWEEN GAY MEN WHO PREFER RECEPTIVE VERS SERTIVE SEX ROL DITE A ROLE FOR PRENATAL ANDROGEN
• E BOOK EDUTNAL REARCH L R GAY PEARSON 2012

L R GAY SUGGTS 10 OF LARGE POPULATNS AND 20 OF

Gay suggts 10% of large populatns and 20%of small populatns as mimums. 7Usg Gay’s sugg-tn, our sample of pastors would clu 3, 600. It is left tothe stunt to weigh the factors of accuracy, st, homoge-ney of the accsible populatn, type of samplg andkd of study, and terme the bt sample size for the SampleThe fal step is to actually select a sample of pretermed size om the acc-sible of SamplgThere are several ways of dog this.

"Gay provis a good example of this type of samplg. He assigns numbersSimpleSystematicStratifiedClter7Gay, 114-1158Ary, 1629Gay, 105-7foeziSnoalupoPgnilpmaStnecreP001-0%001000, 1-101%01000, 5-100, 1%5000, 01-100, 5%3+000, 01%17-5Populatns and SamplgChapter 7©4th ed. G., good vers bad stunts);Homogeneo rearcher might select some good and poor select two groups of about 20 participantssamplg stunts, experienced and experienced teachers, om each of the two levels.

E BOOK EDUTNAL REARCH L R GAY PEARSON 2012

Select a small group of participants who fSnowball samplg Select participants who are very siar a narrow, homogeneo topic; llect data experience, perspective, or outlook; this produc om the chosen purposive a narrow, homogeneo sample and mak datasamplg llectn and analysis simple. Tensy samplg, homogeneo samplg, crern samplg, snowball samplg, and20. Matchg Items Completn and Short-Answer Items• Use a homogeneo topic.

Gay, L.

Stratified samplg - Usg stratified samplg, the populatn is divid to homogeneo, mutually exclive groups lled strata, and then pennt sampl are selected om each stratum.

DIFFERENC DIG RATS BETWEEN GAY MEN WHO PREFER RECEPTIVE VERS SERTIVE SEX ROL DITE A ROLE FOR PRENATAL ANDROGEN

For an example of a screener that was ed to intify lbians, gays and bisexuals see: Kaiser Screener. SAMPLE SIZE: The level of precisn need for survey timat (such as timat of the prevalence of gays or lbians a populatn, or the prevalence of smokg among gays and lbians) will impact the sample size that one needs to draw. In ntrast, the data do not support a role for prenatal androgens the velopment of differenc sexual orientatn among men, as nclud by the same two meta-analys4, the associatn wh 2D:4D and genr rol among female sexual orientatn, we hypothized that a subset of gay men who are more genr nonnformg may show a larger, ls male-typil, 2D:4D than more genr nformg gay men.

A growg body of work dit that anal sex role (ASR) preferenc may serve as a proxy for subgroups of gay men who differ velopment and genr nformy6, 7, 8, 9.

Th, the prent study we asked whether gay men wh different ASR preferenc may differ 2D:4D. We hypothized that gay men wh a Bottom ASR (receptive), who tend to be more genr nonnformg (GNC), would have a higher (more female-typil) average dig rat than ASR Tops (sertive), who tend to be more genr nformg.

E BOOK EDUTNAL REARCH L R GAY PEARSON 2012

We predicted that gay men wh a Versatile ASR preference (i.

E., GNC and dig rats); of this total, 259 were male and 149 self-intified as gay men [i. E., (1) dited that they were assigned male at birth, (2) intify wh male genr, (3) intify as gay and 4) report an exclive attractn to mal the last year], 125 of which dited their ASR preferenc, and 122 dited their ASR behavr. E., gay men who dited their ASR preference), ag ranged om 19 to 71 (M = 39.

098) rats rrelate wh GNCAmong the entire sample of gay men, right-hand dig rats signifintly rrelated wh both Relled Childhood GNC (Pearson’s R =  − 0. For nsistency across measur, sre on the Relled Childhood GNC sle were subtracted by 5 and multiplied by negative 1 for graphil pictn of rults; Th, a higher sre on both the Childhood and Adulthood GNC graphs dit more genr size imageNon-exclive same-sex attractn, GNC and dig ratsThe prcipal analys above asssed ASR differenc GNC and dig rats among gay men, whereas other non-heterosexual men were exclud om the analys as we hypothized that there may be more variabily velopmental procs fluencg sexual orientatn of men who display variatn same and oppose sex attractn and/or behavr. Here, we report analys on the fol measur cludg all non-heterosexual men: self-intified gay men (n = 149), self-intified bisexual men (n = 24), and men who self-intified as “other” (n = 18; self-labels clud: pansexual, asexual, nonbary, genrqueer, queer, heteroflexible, qutng, trans, and var forms of “I don’t label myself”).

05), wh bisexual men reportg the lowt childhood GNC followed by gay men, and the “other” group reported the hight differenc were also found on the adulthood GNC measure, F(2, 192) = 10. 001, and post hoc tts dited that while bisexual and gay men did not signifintly differ (p =. DiscsnWe replited the fdg that ASR groups differ both relled childhood GNC and adulthood GNC, as gay men wh an sertive ASR preference (self-intified Tops) were more genr nformg than men wh a receptive ASR preference (self-intified Bottoms).

Fally, we found that across the entire sample of gay men, 2D:4D rats rrelated wh both relled childhood and adulthood measur of GNC, such that a more male-typil (lower) 2D:4D was associated wh more genr nformy.

Altogether, the fdgs support a role for prenatal androgens fluencg ASR preference and genr nformy of gay fdg that 2D:4D rats differ a subset of gay men based on ASR and GNC rrponds well to the lerature on 2D:4D rats sexual orientatn women: self-intified “femme” and “butch” lbians differ their average dig rats such that the more genr nformg group (“femm”) had more female-typil (higher) 2D:4D rats3. However, even wh gay men, prenatal androgens may still have a modulatory effect on genr nformy and ASR preference. Alternatively (although not mutually exclively), prenatal androgens may mediate a third variable such as sexual orientatn and/or body type which may fluence genr prent fdgs are nsistent wh prev lerature showg that gay men wh an sertive ASR preference display other ditors of high androgen exposure, cludg an earlier pubertal onset, creased height and body hair pared to both heterosexual men and other gay men19.

The fdgs together wh the current study suggt that gay men wh an sertive ASR may be exposed to higher levels of androgens throughout their lifpan, rather than, or addn to, receptive ASR gay men beg exposed to lower androgens prenatally.

While there is generally high nrdance between preference and behavr, is likely that preference/fantasi rrpond more to ternal factors, whereas behavr is more nstraed by external nsiratns, such as the preferenc of sexual partners, and/or soc-cultural factors associated wh masculy and sex primary analys the prent study evaluated ASR group differenc GNC and dig rats among gay men, whereas other non-heterosexual men were exclud om the analys. Our analys of gay, bisexual and other non-heterosexual self-inti (i. For stance, the three groups of non-heterosexual men differ GNC: both self-intified bisexual and gay men report lower relled childhood and adulthood GNC pared to the “other” group of non-heterosexual men, and bisexual men report lower childhood GNC pared to gay men.