THE 5 BEST Metro Manila Gay Clubs & Bars (Updated 2023)

Contents:

• THE BEST MANILA GAY CLUBS & BARSSEE ALL THGS TO DOGAY CLUBS & BARS MANILA
• THE DEATH OF GAY MALATE: ONE-TIME GAY CAPAL OF THE PHILIPP
• TOP GAY CLUBS & BARS MALATE (MANILA)GAY CLUBS & BARS MALATE
• THE 5 BEST METRO MANILA GAY CLUBS & BARSGAY CLUBS & BARS METRO MANILA
• I LOVE DREAM BOYSSEE ALL THGS TO DO{"@TYPE":"LOLBS","NAME":"I LOVE DREAM BOYS","URL":"\","ADDRS":{"@TYPE":"POSTALADDRS","STREETADDRS":"NAKPIL STREET, 607 MALATE","ADDRSLOLY":"MANILA","ADDRSCOUNTRY":"PHILIPP","POSTALCO":""},"IMAGE":"HTTPS:\U002F\\U002FMEDIA\U002FPHOTO-O\U002F02\U002F63\U002FCD\U002F02\","@NTEXT":"HTTP:\U002F\"}SEE ALL THGS TO DOI LOVE DREAM BOYS#27 OF 28 NIGHTLIFE MANILAGAY BARSREAD MOREVIS WEBSEWRE A REVIEWFULL VIEWALL PHOTOS (1)TOP WAYS TO EXPERIENCE NEARBY ATTRACTNSAMAZG MANILA - TAGAYTAY FULL DAY SIGHTSEEG TOUR WH TRANSFERS UPDATED 202387REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FULL-DAY TOURSOM $130.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA FOOD TOUR: EXPLORE WORLD'S OLST CHATOWN25REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FOOD & DRKOM $60.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA FOOD TOUR: INTRODUCTN TO PHILIPPE STREET FOOD105REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FOOD & DRKOM $60.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)VILLA ESCURO CONUT PLANTATN DAY TRIP WH BUFFET LUNCH UPDATED 202318REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FULL-DAY TOURSOM $145.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)HALF DAY TAGAYTAY SIGHTSEEG TOUR OM MANILA UPDATE 202337REMEND94% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.B TOURSOM $90.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)ACTIVE TAAL VOLNO EXPERIENCE 2023 WH TRANSFERS OM MANILA***24REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.B TOURSOM $150.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)EXPERIENCE INTRAMUROS WH BAMBOO BICYCLE - ETOURS289REMEND97% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.SIR TOURS OM $37.34 PER ADULTRELAXG AND AMAZG HIDN VALLEY SPRGS (WH TRANSFERS*) 20235B TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA COUNTRYSI SIGHTSEEG TOUR +MARKET TOUR + BOAT CISE *UPDATED 20224FULL-DAY TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)TAGAYTAY-TAAL VOLNO- TAAL HERAGE TOWN WH TRANSFERS OM MANILA 20237FULL-DAY TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)THE HISTORIL CY OF MANILA BY NIGHT CLUDG INTRAMUROS (WH TRASNFERS**)10REMEND90% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.HISTORIL TOURSOM $75.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)NAIA AIRPORT TRANSFER TO/OM ANYWHERE METRO MANILA2TRANSPORTATN SERVICOM $18.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)ULTIMATE MANILA FOODIE EXPERIENCE WH TRANSFERS*** UPDATED 202316REMEND93% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FOOD & DRKOM $115.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)CAVTI LAGUNA CAVE COMPLEX W/ TRANSFERS OM MANILA 20234FULL-DAY TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA INSTAGRAM TOUR (SHARED TOUR)2ART TOURSOM $93.00 PER ADULTTHE AREA NEIGHBORHOOD: MALATEREAD MOREHOW TO GET THEREPEDRO GIL • 7 M WALKQUIRO - MALATE • 8 M WALKFULL VIEWBT NEARBYRTRANTS2,459 WH 3 MARKET CAFE1960.3 MI$$ - $$$ • INTERNATNAL • ASIAN • HEALTHYBISTRO REMEDS1400.1 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • ASIAN • VEGETARIAN FRIENDLYCAFE ADRIATI3010.1 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • CAFE • INTERNATNALLI LI1180.3 MI$$$$ • CHE • ASIAN • CANTONETHE ARISTOCRAT RTRANT1,2610.3 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • VEGETARIAN FRIENDLY • VEGAN OPTNSTHE LOUNGE900.3 MI$$$$ • STEAKHOE • BAR • INTERNATNALCOWBOY GRILL1900.2 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • BAR • PUBTANABE JAPANE RTRANT1080.1 MI$$ - $$$ • JAPANE • SHI • ASIANARYA PERSIAN RTRANT630.2 MI$$ - $$$ • MIDDLE EASTERN • PERSIAN • VEGETARIAN FRIENDLYROBSONS PLACE FOOD COURT1190.2 MI$ • QUICK B • FILIPO • FAST FOODSEE ALLATTRACTNS321 WH 6 REMEDS CIRCLE49510 FTPOTS OF INTERT & LANDMARKSMALATE DISTRICT1820.1 MINEIGHBORHOODSTEMPLE OF TAOISM10.2 MIRELIG SROBSONS PLACE MALL1,0220.3 MISHOPPG MALLSST. PL UNIVERSY MANILA20.2 MIPOTS OF INTERT & LANDMARKSSAN ANDR MARKET100.2 MIFARMERS MARKETSOUR LADY OF REMEDI CHURCH100.3 MICHURCH & CATHEDRALSLAGNILAD UNRPASS10.3 MIPOTS OF INTERT & LANDMARKS • HISTORIC WALKG AREASKIM LUAN TEMPLE10.3 MIRELIG SCASO FILIPO HYATT MANILA240.3 MICASOSSEE ALLREVIEWSQ&ANO REVIEWS YET. BE THE FIRST TO SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS!WRE A REVIEWUPLOAD A PHOTONO QUTNS HAVE BEEN ASKED ABOUT THIS EXPERIENCEASK A QUTNALSO POPULAR WH TRAVELERSSEE ALLMEGA DANCE CENTER61BARS & CLUBS • DANCE CLUBS & DISSSTMM'S78BARS & CLUBSPI DE LORO404BARS & CLUBSXYLO AT THE PALACE92BARS & CLUBS • DANCE CLUBS & DISSABRAHAM TOURS PHILIPP12BAR, CLUB & PUB TOURS • MULTI-DAY TOURSMIDNIGHT ROO33BARS & CLUBSCHILO BAR17BARS & CLUBS • BLU BARSMETROWALK54BARS & CLUBSROYAL64BARS & CLUBS • DANCE CLUBS & DISSTHE CURATOR14BARS & CLUBS • COFFEEHOIS THIS YOUR TRIPADVISOR LISTG?OWN OR MANAGE THIS PROPERTY? CLAIM YOUR LISTG FOR EE TO RPOND TO REVIEWS, UPDATE YOUR PROFILE AND MUCH MORE.CLAIM YOUR LISTGI LOVE DREAM BOYS (MANILA) - ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE YOU GO (WH PHOTOS)

THE BEST MANILA GAY CLUBS & BARSSEE ALL THGS TO DOGAY CLUBS & BARS MANILA

Nectar Gay Bar, Contemporary © Nectar Expect to bsh shoulrs wh Manila’s A-list LGBTQ crowd at this luxury nightclub Bonifac Global Cy (BGC), dancg up to top hs om ternatnal DJs.

O Bar Gay Bar, Contemporary © O Bar Manila Origally loted Malate old Manila, O Bar has sce moved to a brighter venue the btlg Ortigas Center – jt look for the pk signage. O Bar is hands down one of the most popular gay clubs Manila and has been for over a .

THE DEATH OF GAY MALATE: ONE-TIME GAY CAPAL OF THE PHILIPP

Chelu Gay Bar, Contemporary © Chelu Loted Manila’s origal gay district Malate, along Orosa street, Chelu is one of the longt-nng gay bars the cy. EDINBURGH AND THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS BY TRAIN Traverse Stland’s most scenic landsp, om wt ast to east, travellg by rail View Trip Catch 272 Bar, Gay Bar, LGBTQ Bar, Contemporary © Catch 272 Formerly known as Boho Sarapsody, this LBGTQ-managed space is popular for s cheap drks als and iendly atmosphere.

One 690 Gay Bar, LGBTQ Bar, Contemporary © One 690 One 690 first opened s doors 2012, rtg across om Amoranto Sport’s Complex Quezon Cy. Club Adonis Gay Bar, Contemporary © Club Adonis This pneer club north of Manila, Quezon cy, is open daily to gay men and straight women alike to view sexy male dancers.

Jefz Cafe Gay Bar, LGBTQ Bar, Contemporary © Jefz Cafe Jefz Cafe is loted si the New Solanie Hotel Manila.

TOP GAY CLUBS & BARS MALATE (MANILA)GAY CLUBS & BARS MALATE

Friday is gay night and featur live male dancers. The place still rocks hehehe, I still love the ambiance and mic, very gay, hahaha. The sound that puls through s swelterg dance floor is as eclectic as s set of regulars – om leftfield electroni, Berl-que techno, shoegaze, Japane dis to gay pop anthems.

THE 5 BEST METRO MANILA GAY CLUBS & BARSGAY CLUBS & BARS METRO MANILA

However, expect that as soon as they play the lik of Carly Rae Jepsen or (pecially) Robyn’s “Dancg On My Own, ” you’ll fd hard to get si as the gays will e a nn’ to dance si. O Bar’s rernatn Ortigas Center (om s origal Malate spot) retas a lot of the energy that ma one of Manila’s sential gay clubs. In June 2019, for stance, Peapple Lab hosted The Lil Gay Shop, “retail experience that highlights the sparkly spectm of magil makers wh the LGBTQIA+ muny.

In 1994, Metropolan Communy Church Manila, together wh Pro-Gay Philipp, mounted the first Pri March Asia. At one pot, the Philipp, a predomantly Christian untry, was ranked among the most “gay-iendly” plac the world, at least based on a global survey by the Pew Rearch Center. (READ: Is the Philipp really gay-iendly?

It is meant to ph back agast “any unwanted and unved sexual actns or remarks agast any person” public spac, om tllg to “misogynistic, transphobic, homophobic and sexist slurs, ” and more. The Malate district of Metropolan Manila was the gay pal of the cy, ed of the entire archipelagic Philipp, om the 1970s until the early part of this century.

I LOVE DREAM BOYSSEE ALL THGS TO DO{"@TYPE":"LOLBS","NAME":"I LOVE DREAM BOYS","URL":"\","ADDRS":{"@TYPE":"POSTALADDRS","STREETADDRS":"NAKPIL STREET, 607 MALATE","ADDRSLOLY":"MANILA","ADDRSCOUNTRY":"PHILIPP","POSTALCO":""},"IMAGE":"HTTPS:\U002F\\U002FMEDIA\U002FPHOTO-O\U002F02\U002F63\U002FCD\U002F02\","@NTEXT":"HTTP:\U002F\"}SEE ALL THGS TO DOI LOVE DREAM BOYS#27 OF 28 NIGHTLIFE MANILAGAY BARSREAD MOREVIS WEBSEWRE A REVIEWFULL VIEWALL PHOTOS (1)TOP WAYS TO EXPERIENCE NEARBY ATTRACTNSAMAZG MANILA - TAGAYTAY FULL DAY SIGHTSEEG TOUR WH TRANSFERS UPDATED 202387REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FULL-DAY TOURSOM $130.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA FOOD TOUR: EXPLORE WORLD'S OLST CHATOWN25REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FOOD & DRKOM $60.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA FOOD TOUR: INTRODUCTN TO PHILIPPE STREET FOOD105REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FOOD & DRKOM $60.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)VILLA ESCURO CONUT PLANTATN DAY TRIP WH BUFFET LUNCH UPDATED 202318REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FULL-DAY TOURSOM $145.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)HALF DAY TAGAYTAY SIGHTSEEG TOUR OM MANILA UPDATE 202337REMEND94% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.B TOURSOM $90.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)ACTIVE TAAL VOLNO EXPERIENCE 2023 WH TRANSFERS OM MANILA***24REMEND100% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.B TOURSOM $150.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)EXPERIENCE INTRAMUROS WH BAMBOO BICYCLE - ETOURS289REMEND97% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.SIR TOURS OM $37.34 PER ADULTRELAXG AND AMAZG HIDN VALLEY SPRGS (WH TRANSFERS*) 20235B TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA COUNTRYSI SIGHTSEEG TOUR +MARKET TOUR + BOAT CISE *UPDATED 20224FULL-DAY TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)TAGAYTAY-TAAL VOLNO- TAAL HERAGE TOWN WH TRANSFERS OM MANILA 20237FULL-DAY TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)THE HISTORIL CY OF MANILA BY NIGHT CLUDG INTRAMUROS (WH TRASNFERS**)10REMEND90% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.HISTORIL TOURSOM $75.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)NAIA AIRPORT TRANSFER TO/OM ANYWHERE METRO MANILA2TRANSPORTATN SERVICOM $18.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)ULTIMATE MANILA FOODIE EXPERIENCE WH TRANSFERS*** UPDATED 202316REMEND93% OF TRAVELERS REMEND THIS EXPERIENCE. THIS NUMBER IS BASED ON THE PERCENTAGE OF ALL TRIPADVISOR REVIEWS FOR THIS PRODUCT THAT HAVE A BUBBLE RATG OF 4 OR HIGHER.FOOD & DRKOM $115.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)CAVTI LAGUNA CAVE COMPLEX W/ TRANSFERS OM MANILA 20234FULL-DAY TOURSOM $160.00 PER ADULT (PRICE VARI BY GROUP SIZE)MANILA INSTAGRAM TOUR (SHARED TOUR)2ART TOURSOM $93.00 PER ADULTTHE AREA NEIGHBORHOOD: MALATEREAD MOREHOW TO GET THEREPEDRO GIL • 7 M WALKQUIRO - MALATE • 8 M WALKFULL VIEWBT NEARBYRTRANTS2,459 WH 3 MARKET CAFE1960.3 MI$$ - $$$ • INTERNATNAL • ASIAN • HEALTHYBISTRO REMEDS1400.1 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • ASIAN • VEGETARIAN FRIENDLYCAFE ADRIATI3010.1 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • CAFE • INTERNATNALLI LI1180.3 MI$$$$ • CHE • ASIAN • CANTONETHE ARISTOCRAT RTRANT1,2610.3 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • VEGETARIAN FRIENDLY • VEGAN OPTNSTHE LOUNGE900.3 MI$$$$ • STEAKHOE • BAR • INTERNATNALCOWBOY GRILL1900.2 MI$$ - $$$ • FILIPO • BAR • PUBTANABE JAPANE RTRANT1080.1 MI$$ - $$$ • JAPANE • SHI • ASIANARYA PERSIAN RTRANT630.2 MI$$ - $$$ • MIDDLE EASTERN • PERSIAN • VEGETARIAN FRIENDLYROBSONS PLACE FOOD COURT1190.2 MI$ • QUICK B • FILIPO • FAST FOODSEE ALLATTRACTNS321 WH 6 REMEDS CIRCLE49510 FTPOTS OF INTERT & LANDMARKSMALATE DISTRICT1820.1 MINEIGHBORHOODSTEMPLE OF TAOISM10.2 MIRELIG SROBSONS PLACE MALL1,0220.3 MISHOPPG MALLSST. PL UNIVERSY MANILA20.2 MIPOTS OF INTERT & LANDMARKSSAN ANDR MARKET100.2 MIFARMERS MARKETSOUR LADY OF REMEDI CHURCH100.3 MICHURCH & CATHEDRALSLAGNILAD UNRPASS10.3 MIPOTS OF INTERT & LANDMARKS • HISTORIC WALKG AREASKIM LUAN TEMPLE10.3 MIRELIG SCASO FILIPO HYATT MANILA240.3 MICASOSSEE ALLREVIEWSQ&ANO REVIEWS YET. BE THE FIRST TO SHARE YOUR THOUGHTS!WRE A REVIEWUPLOAD A PHOTONO QUTNS HAVE BEEN ASKED ABOUT THIS EXPERIENCEASK A QUTNALSO POPULAR WH TRAVELERSSEE ALLMEGA DANCE CENTER61BARS & CLUBS • DANCE CLUBS & DISSSTMM'S78BARS & CLUBSPI DE LORO404BARS & CLUBSXYLO AT THE PALACE92BARS & CLUBS • DANCE CLUBS & DISSABRAHAM TOURS PHILIPP12BAR, CLUB & PUB TOURS • MULTI-DAY TOURSMIDNIGHT ROO33BARS & CLUBSCHILO BAR17BARS & CLUBS • BLU BARSMETROWALK54BARS & CLUBSROYAL64BARS & CLUBS • DANCE CLUBS & DISSTHE CURATOR14BARS & CLUBS • COFFEEHOIS THIS YOUR TRIPADVISOR LISTG?OWN OR MANAGE THIS PROPERTY? CLAIM YOUR LISTG FOR EE TO RPOND TO REVIEWS, UPDATE YOUR PROFILE AND MUCH MORE.CLAIM YOUR LISTGI LOVE DREAM BOYS (MANILA) - ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW BEFORE YOU GO (WH PHOTOS)

However, a quick walk along the now quiet streets is all one needs to nfirm the fact that gay Malate is ad. Several terlockg factors have brought about the mise of Malate as a gay space and this paper is a most attempt to provi not on this phenomenon. Philippe gay culture blossomed the 1970s durg the years of the Ferdand Mars dictatorship.

Popular disurs on homosexualy began appearg, 1 exploratns of homosexual life formed them Philippe films, and gay bars 2 like Co Banana boomed the Malate area. However, was only the 1990s that a polilly nsc gay and lbian movement thrived the untry, and the cy that wnsed all the ton Philippe Lbian, Gay, Bisexual and Trans (LGBT) history was Manila. In the early to mid-1990s, the tersectn of Adriati and Nakpil streets Malate transformed to a by entertament district terg to both gays and straights.

3 One of the first gay venu along Nakpil Street was Blue Café, which showsed drag performanc on Wednday nights. However, now all the gay tablishments along the Orosa-Nakpil tersectn, save for one, the Che’lu Bar, are gone. What has led to the mise of gay Malate?