A brief history of lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr social movements

Contents:

• ABOUT THE CENTERSCE 1983 THE CENTER HAS BEEN SUPPORTG, FOSTERG AND CELEBRATG THE LGBT MUNY OF NEW YORK CY. FD MORE RMATN ON AND OUR WORK ABOUT THE CENTER. VIS ABOUT THE CENTEROUR MISSNCYBER CENTERCENTER HISTORYRACE EQUYMEDIA CENTERLEARSHIP & STAFFEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNICORPORATE PARTNERSHIPSANNUAL REPORTS & FANCIAL INFORMATNCONTACT USHOURS & LOTNSEMAPSUPPORT THE CENTER
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR HEALTH

ABOUT THE CENTERSCE 1983 THE CENTER HAS BEEN SUPPORTG, FOSTERG AND CELEBRATG THE LGBT MUNY OF NEW YORK CY. FD MORE RMATN ON AND OUR WORK ABOUT THE CENTER. VIS ABOUT THE CENTEROUR MISSNCYBER CENTERCENTER HISTORYRACE EQUYMEDIA CENTERLEARSHIP & STAFFEMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNICORPORATE PARTNERSHIPSANNUAL REPORTS & FANCIAL INFORMATNCONTACT USHOURS & LOTNSEMAPSUPPORT THE CENTER

The term gay is equently ed as a synonym for homosexual; female homosexualy is often referred to as different tim and different cultur, homosexual behavur has been varly approved of, tolerated, punished, and banned. Others—om factns wh mastream Prottantism to anizatns of Reform rabbis—have advoted, on theologil as well as social grounds, the full acceptance of homosexuals and their relatnships.

Morn velopments Attus toward homosexualy are generally flux, partially as a rult of creased polil activism (see gay rights movement) and efforts by homosexuals to be seen not as aberrant personali but as differg om “normal” dividuals only their sexual orientatn. The nflictg views of homosexualy—as a variant but normal human sexual behavur on one hand, and as psychologilly viant behavur on the other—rema prent most societi the 21st century, but they have been largely rolved ( the profsnal sense) most veloped untri.

Selected theori of homosexualy Psychologists the 19th and 20th centuri, most of whom classified homosexualy as a form of mental illns, veloped a variety of theori on s orig. The stereotyp of male homosexuals as weak and effemate and lbians as mascule and aggrsive, which were wispread the Wt as recently as the 1950s and early ’60s, have largely been disrd.

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

The Ksey report of 1948, for example, found that 30 percent of adult Amerin mal among Ksey’s subjects had engaged some homosexual activy and that 10 percent reported that their sexual practice had been exclively homosexual for a perd of at least three years between the ag of 16 and 55. A range of more recent surveys, ncerng predomantly homosexual behavur as well as same-genr sexual ntact adulthood, have yield rults that are both higher and lower than those intified by Ksey. Instead of tegorizg people absolute terms as eher homosexual or heterosexual, Ksey observed a spectm of sexual activy, of which exclive orientatns of eher type make up the extrem.

Although the topic of homosexualy was ltle discsed the public fom durg the early part of the 20th century, beme a polil issue many Wtern untri durg the late 20th century. After the 1969 Stonewall rts, which New York Cy policemen raid a gay bar and met wh staed ristance, many homosexuals were embolned to intify themselv as gay men or lbians to iends, to relativ, and even to the public at large. In rponse to their activism, many jurisdictns enacted laws banng discrimatn agast homosexuals, and an creasg number of employers Ameri and European untri agreed to offer “domtic partner” benefs siar to the health re, life surance and, some s, pensn benefs available to heterosexual married upl.

LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR HEALTH

Gay stunts at Jamai’s Northern Caribbean Universy were beaten, and an anti-gay group Brazil by the name of Arda Corao (“Wake Up, Dear”) was blamed for murrg several gay people. In one such stance, Albania repealed s sodomy statut 1995, and gay upl Amsterdam 2001 were legally married unr the same laws that ern heterosexual marriage (rather than unr laws that allowed them to “register” or form “domtic” partnerships).

Still others, notably those the public eye, had their sexual orientatn revealed the media and agast their will by activists eher for or agast gay rights—a ntroversial practice known as “outg. The disease also took a heavy toll on the arts muni the centr, and virtually none of the artistic output of gay men the late 20th century was untouched by the topic and the sense of great loss. However, most shared wh gay men the sire to have a secure place the world muny at large, unchallenged by the fear of vlence, the stggle for equal treatment unr the law, the attempt to silence, and any other form of civil behavur that impos send-class article was most recently revised and updated by Alison Eldridge.

The Amerin Medil Associatn is agast therapy that is “based on the assumptn that homosexualy is a mental disorr or that the person should change their ’s important to know that there is nothg wrong wh lovg people of the same genr as you. Homosexual activy by CountryLegalHomosexual activy is legal 131 (21)Bahra 1976Bhutan 2021CambodiaCha 1997India 2018Israel 1988Japan 1881Jordan 1951Kazakhstan 1997Kyrgyzstan 1997Laos 1990Mongolia 2002Nepal 2007PhilippSgapore 2022South KoreaTaiwan 1947Tajikistan 1998Thailand 1956Timor-Lte 1975VietnamEurope (50)Albania 1995Andorra 1791Armenia 2003Atria 1971Azerbaijan 2000Belas 1994Belgium 1944Bosnia and Herzea 2003Bulgaria 1968Croatia 1977Cyps 1998Czech Republic 1962Denmark 1933Estonia 1992Fland 1971France 1791Geia 2000Germany 1994Greece 2015Hungary 1961Iceland 1940Ireland 1993Italy 1890Kosovo 2008Latvia 1992Liechtenste 1989Lhuania 1993LuxembourgMalta 1973Moldova 1995Mona 1793Montenegro 1977Netherlands 1945North Macedonia 1996Norway 1972Poland 1945Portugal 1982Romania 2001Rsia 1993San Maro 1865Serbia 1994Slovakia 1961Slovenia 1976Spa 1979Swen 1944Swzerland 1991Turkey 1858Ukrae 1991Uned Kgdom 2000Vatin Cy 1929North Ameri (18)Antigua and Barbuda 2022Bahamas 1991Barbados 2022Belize 2016Canada 1969Costa Ri 2002Cuba 1997Domin Republic 1822El Salvador 1974Guatemala 1871Hai 1986Honduras 1985Mexi 2001Niragua 2007Panama 2007Sat Kts and Nevis 2022Tridad and Tobago 2018Uned Stat 2003Ai (22)Angola 2019BenBotswana 2019Burka FasoCape Ver 2004Central Ain RepublicCôte d’IvoireDemocratic Republic of the Congo 1940DjiboutiEquatorial Guea 1968Gabon 2020Guea-BissLotho 2012Madagasr 1972Mali 1961Mozambique 2015Niger 2006Republic of the CongoRwanda 1980Sao Tome and Prcipe 2012Seychell 2016South Ai 1998Oceania (8)Atralia 1997Ferated Stat of MicroniaFiji 2010Marshall Islands 2005N 2016New Zealand 1986Pal 2014VanuatuSouth Ameri (11)Argenta 1987Bolivia 1832Brazil 1830Chile 1998Colombia 2000Ecuador 1997Paraguay 1997Pe 1991Surame 1910Uguay 1933Venezuela 1997Antarcti (1)AntarctiMale illegal, female uncertaHomosexual activy is male illegal, female uncerta 4 (3)Myanmar 2016QatarTurkmenistan 1998South Ameri (1)Guyana 2016Illegal (other penalty)Homosexual activy is illegal (other penalty) 4 (2)Kuwa 1960North Korea 1948Ai (2)Egypt 2000Nigeria 1916Illegal (up to life prison as punishment)Homosexual activy is illegal (up to life prison as punishment) 5 (1)Banglash 1860Ai (4)Gambia 2014Sudan 2020Tanzania 1998Zambia 1931No data, no laws, N/A, or ambiguoData on homosexual activy is unclear, not applible, or missg 4 (4)IndoniaIraqPalteSyria. This page provis accurate rmatn for those who want to better unrstand sexual orientatn and the impact of prejudice and discrimatn on those who intify as lbian, gay, or bisexual.

Public opn studi over the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s routely showed that, among large segments of the public, lbian, gay, and bisexual people were the target of strongly held negative attus. The associatn of HIV/AIDS wh gay and bisexual men and the accurate belief that some people held that all gay and bisexual men were fected served to further stigmatize lbian, gay, and bisexual people.