Mental Health for Gay and Bisexual Men | CDC

Contents:

• DEPRSN IS KILLG GAY MEN
• DEPRSN AND SUICIDALY GAY MEN: IMPLITNS FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIRS
• GAY MENTAL HEALTH: MENTAL HEALTH ISSU FACG GAY MEN
• HOMOSEXUALS AND DEPRSN: HELP FOR GAYS WH DEPRSN
• FOUR WAYS TO HELP GAY MEN WH DEPRSN

DEPRSN IS KILLG GAY MEN

Mental health unselg and support groups that are sensive to the needs of gay and bisexual men n be pecially eful if you are g to terms wh your sexual orientatn or are experiencg prsn, anxiety, or other mental health problems. While many gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex wh men may not seek re om a mental health provir bee of a fear of discrimatn or homophobia, is important to keep this as an optn and to fd a provir that is tstworthy and patible. The 2013 fifth edn of the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn's Diagnostic and Statistil Manual (DSM) f prsn clilly as a prsive mood or loss of tert or pleasure nearly all activi over a two-week perd, along wh four of the symptoms: “chang appete or weight, sleep, and psychomotor activy; creased energy; feelgs of worthlsns or guilt; difficulty thkg, ncentratg, or makg cisns; or recurrent thoughts of ath or suicidal iatn or suici plans or attempts.

Health re provirs workg wh gay men should first tablish rapport and tst by displayg empathy and not makg assumptns about an dividual’s behavr and sexual choic based on generalizatns about “all” gay men. Speakg openly and ankly about the disproportnate impact of prsn on gay men, and prrizg our mental health and well-beg, we n chase that big gray elephant out of the room—and keep om harmg any more of . Related to this, gay men’s health has often been fed by sexual practic, and poorly unrstood are the tersectns of gay men’s physil and mental health wh social termants of health cludg ethnicy, lole, tn level, and socenomic stat.

DEPRSN AND SUICIDALY GAY MEN: IMPLITNS FOR HEALTH CARE PROVIRS

In the current article summated is lerature addrsg risk factors for prsn and suicidaly among gay men cludg fay acceptance of their sexual inti, social hn and belongg, ternalized stigma, and victimizatn. Keywords: gay men’s health, prsn, suicidaly, men’s health, men’s help seekgIntroductnDeprsn is prevalent among gay men, where gay men are three tim more likely to experience prsn pared wh the general adult populatn (Cox, 2006; Kg et al., 2008).

Wh this ntext, there is strong evince that gay men are more likely than heterosexual men to experience suicidaly (Brennan, Ross, Dobson, Veldhuizen, & Steele, 2010; Hott, Bogaert, Rhos, Brennan, & Gk, 2016; Kg et al., 2008). In terms of potential of prsn and suicidaly gay men, relatnship problems, acceptg one’s homosexualy, experiencg homophobia, stutnal discrimatn, and alienatn om gay muni have been reported as unrpng issu (Cox, 2006; Haas et al., 2011; Wang, Plörl, Hӓermann, & Weiss, 2015) rearch exists about gay men’s health beyond sexual health issu, most often HIV (Hott, Ferlatte, & Gk, 2014). Though gay men self-report that they rank mental health as one of their top health ncerns (Grov, Ventuneac, Renda, Jimenez, & Parsons, 2013) prsn and suicidaly the liv of gay men are poorly unrstood (Haas et al., 2011; Kg et al., 2008).

GAY MENTAL HEALTH: MENTAL HEALTH ISSU FACG GAY MEN

DeprsnDeprsn is fed clilly as the experience of a prsive mood or loss of tert or pleasure nearly all activi over a 2-week perd, along wh four of the followg symptoms: “chang appete or weight, sleep, and psychomotor activy; creased energy; feelgs of worthlsns or guilt; difficulty thkg, ncentratg, or makg cisns; or recurrent thoughts of ath or suicidal iatn or suici plans or attempts” (Amerin Psychiatric Associatn, 2013). (2008) noted that general practners ed anxiety-related symptoms to intify addnal signs of prsn gay terms of e–effect and triggers for prsn, a range of factors have been tailed, many of which are tertwed wh the strs that n acpany beg part of socially margalized gay muni (Mays & Cochran, 2001; Meyer, 1995, 2003). In the specific ntext of prejudice events, which refers to the multiple forms of antigay vlence and discrimatn (Meyer, 2003), a Canadian study reported that 47% of gay men had experienced harassment, 42% bullyg, 16.

Young gay men n experience prejudice their fay the form of rejectn, often after disclosg their sexual orientatn durg adolcence, which turn n heighten young men’s risk for prsn (Ryan, Huebner, Diaz, & Sanchez, 2009) expectatns of discrimatn and homophobic rejectn n also negatively affect gay men’s mental health (Hatzenbuehler, 2009; Meyer, 2003). For example, an Amerin study of gay men, those who perceived creased homophobia and the world as dangero for gay men were more likely to report prsive symptoms (Hatzenbuehler, Nolen-Hoeksema, & Erickson, 2008). Self-acceptance is therefore a cril element for gay men’s well-beg, as is beg accepted by others (Ash & Mackereth, 2013) addn to the four factors tailed Meyer’s (1995, 2003) mory strs mol, a lack of acceptance and rejectn om the gay muny n also crease the risk for gay men’s prsn.

Particularly at risk of rejectn om other gay men are men livg wh HIV (Courtenay-Quirk, Wolski, Parsons, Gómez, & Seroposive Urban Men’s Study Team, 2006) as well as men om racial/ethnic mory groups (Bowleg, 2012; Haile, Rowell-Cunsolo, Parker, Padilla, & Hansen, 2014; Riggs, 2012). Gay men livg wh HIV are also at creased risk for prsn across the entire illns trajectory cludg diagnosis of HIV, iatn of HIV treatment, treatment failure, diagnosis of AIDS, and/or havg a iend diagnosed wh AIDS (Körner et al., 2008).

HOMOSEXUALS AND DEPRSN: HELP FOR GAYS WH DEPRSN

Health re provirs workg wh HIV posive gay men have nfirmed that the isolatn and loss of social relatnships and fay support experienced as a rult of this health stat are signifint triggers for prsn (Körner et al., 2008) men who belong to an ethnic mory are at higher risk for prsn.

Prsure to nform to such rigid genr norms creat unique discrimatory environments (Guareno, 2007), and gay Hispanic men report higher rat of fay rejectn and negative mental health out pared wh their Csian male unterparts (Ryan et al., 2009). An Amerin study of gay Hispanic men reported homophobic experienc durg childhood, cludg beg told that gays are not normal people (91%), amid harborg beliefs that their sexual orientatn would hurt and embarrass their fay (70%; Diaz et al., 2001).

FOUR WAYS TO HELP GAY MEN WH DEPRSN

A study by De Santis, Col, Vasquez, and McCa (2008) wh predomantly gay Hispanic (75%) men reported siar issu notg that gay Hispanic men who had prsive symptoms were likely to engage sexual practic wh high risks for exposure to HIV. Rearch regardg HIV posive gay men and/or ethnic mory gay men is emergent (De Santis et al., 2008) and future work might efully foc on intifyg and addrsg the unique prsn risk factors among the vulnerable subgroups as a means to improvg their mental and physil health. SuicidalyDefed as thoughts, plans, and/or suici attempts, suicidaly occurs more often gay men pared wh their heterosexual male unterparts (Brennan et al., 2010; Hott et al., 2016; Kg et al., 2008).

Prejudice events, cludg the experience of verbal threats and sults, havg property damaged, and beg physilly or sexually asslted, has been intified as risk factors for suici among gay youth (Mtanski & Liu, 2012) and adults (Ferlatte et al., 2015). In a study wh 350 lbian, gay, and bisexual participants younger than age 21, gay men experienced signifintly more verbal attacks, threats of vlence, and objects thrown at them (D’Augelli, Pilkgton, & Hershberger, 2002). In a study of 8, 382 Canadian adults intifyg as gay and bisexual, a majory of rponnts reported experiencg antigay margalizatn such as bullyg, harassment, physil vlence, and workplace discrimatn (Ferlatte et al., 2015).