Modul, Rum, & Soal Hum Gay-Lsac (Hum Perbandgan Volume) | Wardaya College

Contents:

• GAY-LSAC’S LAW
• JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• HUM GAY LSAC: BUNYI, RUM, CONTOH SOAL, DAN PENERAPAN
• GAY-LSAC'S LAW DEFN
• WHAT IS GAY LSAC'S LAW OF GASEO VOLUM?
• MODUL, RUM, & SOAL HUM GAY-LSAC (HUM PERBANDGAN VOLUME)
• GAY-LSAC'S LAW—ITS CENTENARY
• GAY-LSAC’S LAW: INTRODUCTN, FORMULA AND DERIVATN
• WHAT IS GAY LSAC LAW?
• GAY-LSAC'S GAS LAW EXAMPL
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC

GAY-LSAC’S LAW

Gay-Lsac’s law is a gas law which stat that the prsure exerted by a gas (of a given mass and kept at a nstant volume) vari directly wh the absolute temperature of the gas.

Gay-Lsac’s law impli that the rat of the ial prsure and temperature is equal to the rat of the fal prsure and temperature for a gas of a fixed mass kept at a nstant volume. When a prsurized aerosol n (such as a odorant n or a spray-pat n) is heated, the rultg crease the prsure exerted by the gas on the ntaer (owg to Gay-Lsac’s law) n rult an explosn.

To learn more about Gay-Lsac’s law and other gas laws, such as Charl’ law, register wh BYJU’S and download the mobile applitn on your smartphone. Joseph-Louis Gay-Lsac, (born December 6, 1778, Sat-Léonard--Noblat, France—died May 9, 1850, Paris), French chemist and physicist who pneered vtigatns to the behavur of gas, tablished new techniqu for analysis, and ma notable advanc applied chemistry.

JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC

Gay-Lsac was the elst son of a provcial lawyer and royal official who lost his posn wh the French Revolutn of 1789. Early his schoolg, Gay-Lsac acquired an tert science, and his mathematil abily enabled him to pass the entrance examatn for the newly found Éle Polytechnique, where stunts’ expens were paid by the state. At Arcueil, Berthollet was joed by the ement mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who engaged Gay-Lsac experiments on pillary orr to study short-range forc.

Charl as “Charl’s law, ” was the first of several regulari the behavur of matter that Gay-Lsac tablished. Gay-Lsac’s approach to the study of matter was nsistently volumetric rather than gravimetric, ntrast to that of his English ntemporary John Dalton. Another example of Gay-Lsac’s fondns for volumetric rats appeared an 1810 vtigatn to the posn of vegetable substanc performed wh his iend Louis-Jacqu Thenard.

In a followg solo flight, Gay-Lsac reached 7, 016 metr (more than 23, 000 feet), thereby settg a rerd for the hight balloon flight that remaed unbroken for a half-century. In 1805–06, amid the Napoleonic wars, Gay-Lsac embarked upon a European tour wh another Arcueil lleague, the Pssian explorer Alexanr von Humboldt. Gay-Lsac’s rearch together wh the patronage of Berthollet and the Arcueil group helped him to ga membership the prtig First Class of the Natnal Instute (later the Amy of Scienc) at an early stage his reer (1806).

HUM GAY LSAC: BUNYI, RUM, CONTOH SOAL, DAN PENERAPAN

Three years prevly Gay-Lsac had been appoted to the junr post of répétr at the Éle Polytechnique where, 1810, he received a profsorship chemistry that clud a substantial salary. Gay-Lsac’s appotment to the faculty of the Éle Polytechnique 1804 provid him wh laboratory facili the centre of Paris.

Rivalry between Gay-Lsac and Davy reached a climax over the de experiments Davy rried out durg an extraordary vis to Paris November 1813, at a time when France was at war wh Bra. Gay-Lsac prented a much more plete study of de a long memoir prented to the Natnal Instute on Augt 1, 1814, and subsequently published the Annal chimie. In 1815 Gay-Lsac experimentally monstrated that pssic acid was simply hydrocyanic acid, a pound of rbon, hydrogen, and nrogen, and he also isolated the pound cyanogen [(CN)2 or C2N2].

GAY-LSAC'S LAW DEFN

Begng 1816, Gay-Lsac served as the jot edor of the Annal chimie et physique, a posn he shared wh his former Arcueil lleague François Arago. Still, Gay-Lsac did not pe cricism om lleagu for turng away om the path of “pure” science and toward the path of fancial ga. Prevly a few c trials had been rried out to timate the strength of chlore solutns bleachg, but Gay-Lsac troduced a scientific rigour to chemil quantifitn and vised important modifitns to apparat.

The prcipl of volumetric analysis uld be tablished only through Gay-Lsac’s theoretil and practil geni but, once tablished, the analysis self uld be rried out by a junr assistant wh brief trag. Gay-Lsac published an entire seri of Instctns on subjects rangg om the timatn of potash (1818) to the nstctn of lightng nductors. In 1848 (the year of revolutns) Gay-Lsac rigned om his var appotments Paris, and he retired to a untry hoe the neighbourhood of his youth that was stocked wh his library and a private laboratory.

” In a logy livered after his ath at the Amy of Scienc, his iend, the physicist Arago, summed up Gay-Lsac’s scientific work as that of “an gen physicist and an outstandg chemist. The French scientist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lsac (1778-1850; view portra at the Welle llectn) ma important ntributns ncerng the physil and chemil properti of gas. Bis the work scribed this selectn, he helped tablish that the volume of a gas at nstant prsure vari simply wh s temperature [Gay-Lsac 1802], a rult known today as Charl' law.

WHAT IS GAY LSAC'S LAW OF GASEO VOLUM?

The empiril evince prented by Gay-Lsac of gas bg simple rats by volume is remarkably nsistent wh John Dalton's ia of substanc bg atom to atom. ) The ngence between the ias of Dalton and the experiments of Gay-Lsac is obv to morn chemists, but was risted by both Dalton and Gay-Lsac. I have add some footnot that were prent Gay-Lsac's origal paper and the Alembic Club translatn but which I neglected to clu my origal annotated versn of this paper.

(Gay-Lsac's not are marked by an asterisk as well as a number brackets; me have only numbers brackets.

) Thanks to Jim Keiser, who drew my attentn to errors Gay-Lsac's figur for the muriate of ammonium, and whose note prompted me to rrect the earlier omissn of footnot and to fix broken lks. [2]Gay-Lsac here stat an aspect of Charl' law (named after his ntemporary Jacqu Charl), a subject on which he also nducted signifint rearch.

MODUL, RUM, & SOAL HUM GAY-LSAC (HUM PERBANDGAN VOLUME)

[Gay-Lsac 1802] The extent to which a gas expands at nstant prsure is directly proportnal to s temperature, wh a proportnaly nstant the same for all gas.

GAY-LSAC'S LAW—ITS CENTENARY

[3]Gay-Lsac offers some sight to the reason behd a well-known fact the physil scienc: gas are simple while solids and pecially liquids are plited. [Partgton 1948] The llectn of quantative data on bg mass, Dalton's program of pilg specific heats and his program of measurg atomic weights (prev chapter), and Gay-Lsac's work on bg volum n be seen as efforts to make chemistry a quantative science. [7]Gay-Lsac summariz three opns on the qutn of bg proportns: Joseph-Louis Prot (1754-1826; see portra at the Welle llectn) believed that there were only two bg proportns possible for any pair of elements [e.

[10]By the time Gay-Lsac prented this paper, most of the available evince supported the hypothis of fe proportns, and much of the evince for variable proportns uld be explaed as due to mixtur rather than pounds. Intertgly, though, Gay-Lsac's attu this paragraph seems eher ntral or cled to disbelieve Berthollet's opponents. The fact that Gay-Lsac was an associate and protégé of Berthollet perhaps cled Gay-Lsac to have more nfince his work than perhaps the evince mered.

What is important, however, is not so much the inty of the pounds volved the reactns (for ed, Gay-Lsac did not know the formulas of many of them, and did not report the quanti of product formed), but the fact that all the reactns the gas bed simple rats by volume.

GAY-LSAC’S LAW: INTRODUCTN, FORMULA AND DERIVATN

In the first example given, that of water, Gay-Lsac means (although do not say so explicly) that water ntas 200 parts of hydrogen by volume for every 100 parts of oxygen. The reactn between the gas produc a solid salt, "muriate of ammonia" Gay-Lsac's day, now lled ammonium chlori:. The reactns Gay-Lsac reports on only occur between dissolved ammonia and rbon dxi, as he not the next paragraph.

[19]After prentg observatns on three different acids, Gay-Lsac formulat a hypothis that generaliz om those observatns. [22]An earlier footnote (9) suggted that Gay-Lsac was perhaps not entirely objective regardg the work of his associate Berthollet. Note here, however, that Gay-Lsac is willg to note an stance where Berthollet's value and his own disagree.

WHAT IS GAY LSAC LAW?

In ncrete terms, Gay-Lsac has enough objectivy and tegry to disagree openly wh Berthollet about the analysis of "muriate of ammonia, " even while his rpect for Berthollet seems to cloud his judgment ncerng fe proportns. Gay-Lsac llaboratn wh Louis Jacqu Thenard (1777-1857; see portra at the Welle llectn) ed siar electrochemil techniqu, often workg on siar projects at about the same time. It is difficult to expla pletely the analys Gay-Lsac reports here [Gay-Lsac & Thenard 1809]: how was oxygen reported when there was no oxygen prent?

We see an example of this the next footnote (prent Gay-Lsac's origal): he fers a quanty of oxygen "oxygenated muriatic acid" om the amount of hydrogen nsumed a reactn wh .

GAY-LSAC'S GAS LAW EXAMPL

Gay-Lsac mentns passg that the bg weights of multiple pounds of the same element are simply related (as rbonic acid and rbonic oxi mentned above). Actually, Gay-Lsac foc not on the volume of the product but on the "ntractn of volume, " that is the difference volume between the product and the bed reactants. In the example Gay-Lsac tak up, the volume of CO2 produced the reactn of CO and O2 is the same as the volume of CO ed up, not the bed volume of CO and O2.

[35]Gay-Lsac exprs the posn by weight here as a percentage, which disguis the multiple-proportns relatnship of the two rbon-oxygen pounds. [36]Gay-Lsac's exposn om here to the ncludg paragraph is not as clear or sharp as has been to this pot. The formatn of "sulphuro gas" om sulfur and oxygen is not a reactn about which Gay-Lsac has direct rmatn, so he rmatn om a variety of related reactns.

Here Gay-Lsac the quoted rult that "sulphuric acid" ntas 138 parts oxygen for every 100 parts sulfur, so the oxygen the sample weighs [138/(100+138)](5. Noticg that this is very close to the weight of oxygen one volume of oxygen gas, Gay-Lsac nclus that one volume of oxygen reacts wh solid sulfur to produce one volume of "sulphuro gas.

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC

The upshot of Gay-Lsac's footnote is that more reful experiments are need to terme the nsy of the sulfur-oxygen pounds. The formatn of nro oxi om nrogen and oxygen, Gay-Lsac matas, volv a ntractn by the amount of oxygen add.

[44]Gay-Lsac touch on an apparent paradox, subsequently explaed by Avogadro (next chapter): how n an "associatn" (a reactn which two substanc be to form a sgle product) lead to a gaseo product ls nse than one of s reactants? Gay-Lsac and his ntemporari pictured oxygen as a simple atom, and were naturally puzzled how CO gas uld weigh ls than O.

The experiments Gay-Lsac mentns illtrate the law of multiple proportns, suggtg reactn of a molecule of one reagent wh one or two molecul of another. Gay-Lsac go on to attempt to rencile Berthollet's and Dalton's hypoth a way that mt strike morn rears as unnvcg and rrect. If Gay-Lsac's attu toward Dalton's work was lewarm, Dalton's opn of Gay-Lsac's work was downright skeptil [Dalton 1810]:.