Gay-Lsac, Joseph Louis (1778-1850)

Contents:

• JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• JOSEPH GAY-LSAC SUMMARY
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC AND HIS WORK ON GAS
• THE GAY LSAC HUMBOLDT AWARD GO TO VéRONIQUE GAYRARD
• CATEGORY:LREAT OF THE GAY-LSAC HUMBOLDT PRIZE
• GAY-LSAC HUMBOLDT PRIZE
• GAY LSAC HUMBOLDT STOCK PHOTOS AND IMAG
• FRAN-GERMAN GAY-LSAC HUMBOLDT PRIZE
• GAY-LSAC, JOSEPH LOUIS (1778–1850)
• PRIX GAY-LSAC-HUMBOLDT
• GAY-LSAC-HUMBOLDT PRIZE 2017 FOR JOHANN ORPHAL
• GAY-LSAC-HUMBOLDTSCH GETZ
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• VéRONIQUE GAYRARD IS AWARD THE GAY LSAC HUMBOLDT AWARD

JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC

Joseph-Louis Gay-Lsac, (born December 6, 1778, Sat-Léonard--Noblat, France—died May 9, 1850, Paris), French chemist and physicist who pneered vtigatns to the behavur of gas, tablished new techniqu for analysis, and ma notable advanc applied chemistry. Gay-Lsac was the elst son of a provcial lawyer and royal official who lost his posn wh the French Revolutn of 1789.

Early his schoolg, Gay-Lsac acquired an tert science, and his mathematil abily enabled him to pass the entrance examatn for the newly found Éle Polytechnique, where stunts’ expens were paid by the state. At Arcueil, Berthollet was joed by the ement mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who engaged Gay-Lsac experiments on pillary orr to study short-range forc.

Charl as “Charl’s law, ” was the first of several regulari the behavur of matter that Gay-Lsac tablished. Gay-Lsac’s approach to the study of matter was nsistently volumetric rather than gravimetric, ntrast to that of his English ntemporary John Dalton. Another example of Gay-Lsac’s fondns for volumetric rats appeared an 1810 vtigatn to the posn of vegetable substanc performed wh his iend Louis-Jacqu Thenard.

JOSEPH GAY-LSAC SUMMARY

In a followg solo flight, Gay-Lsac reached 7, 016 metr (more than 23, 000 feet), thereby settg a rerd for the hight balloon flight that remaed unbroken for a half-century. In 1805–06, amid the Napoleonic wars, Gay-Lsac embarked upon a European tour wh another Arcueil lleague, the Pssian explorer Alexanr von Humboldt. Gay-Lsac’s rearch together wh the patronage of Berthollet and the Arcueil group helped him to ga membership the prtig First Class of the Natnal Instute (later the Amy of Scienc) at an early stage his reer (1806).

Three years prevly Gay-Lsac had been appoted to the junr post of répétr at the Éle Polytechnique where, 1810, he received a profsorship chemistry that clud a substantial salary.

Gay-Lsac’s appotment to the faculty of the Éle Polytechnique 1804 provid him wh laboratory facili the centre of Paris. Rivalry between Gay-Lsac and Davy reached a climax over the de experiments Davy rried out durg an extraordary vis to Paris November 1813, at a time when France was at war wh Bra. Gay-Lsac prented a much more plete study of de a long memoir prented to the Natnal Instute on Augt 1, 1814, and subsequently published the Annal chimie.

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC AND HIS WORK ON GAS

In 1815 Gay-Lsac experimentally monstrated that pssic acid was simply hydrocyanic acid, a pound of rbon, hydrogen, and nrogen, and he also isolated the pound cyanogen [(CN)2 or C2N2]. Begng 1816, Gay-Lsac served as the jot edor of the Annal chimie et physique, a posn he shared wh his former Arcueil lleague François Arago. Still, Gay-Lsac did not pe cricism om lleagu for turng away om the path of “pure” science and toward the path of fancial ga.

THE GAY LSAC HUMBOLDT AWARD GO TO VéRONIQUE GAYRARD

Prevly a few c trials had been rried out to timate the strength of chlore solutns bleachg, but Gay-Lsac troduced a scientific rigour to chemil quantifitn and vised important modifitns to apparat. The prcipl of volumetric analysis uld be tablished only through Gay-Lsac’s theoretil and practil geni but, once tablished, the analysis self uld be rried out by a junr assistant wh brief trag.

Gay-Lsac published an entire seri of Instctns on subjects rangg om the timatn of potash (1818) to the nstctn of lightng nductors. In 1848 (the year of revolutns) Gay-Lsac rigned om his var appotments Paris, and he retired to a untry hoe the neighbourhood of his youth that was stocked wh his library and a private laboratory. ” In a logy livered after his ath at the Amy of Scienc, his iend, the physicist Arago, summed up Gay-Lsac’s scientific work as that of “an gen physicist and an outstandg chemist.

He is known mostly for two laws related to gas, and for his work on alhol-water mixtur, which led to the gre Gay-Lsac ed to measure alholic beverag many untri. Joseph Gay-Lsac’s father was a judge and was actually lled Antoe Gay, a small tate near her place of rince was lled Lsac.

CATEGORY:LREAT OF THE GAY-LSAC HUMBOLDT PRIZE

Joseph Louis Gay-Lsac was the elst child of the fay of seven a small village the French provce of Limo. In November 1794 he went to Paris; due to fame many pupils were sent back home to their parents – Gay-Lsac was allowed to stay bee of his good mathematil skills. Three years later, Gay-Lsac transferred to the Éle s Ponts et Chssé, and shortly afterwards was assigned to C.

[3] They were able to measure a temperature drop of 1 °C per 174 metr of altu ascent, and Gay-Lsac and Alexanr von Humboldt were able to refute John Dalton‘s ia that atomic heavier gas sk, lighter atomic gas rise, and that the posn the higher atmosphere chang as a rult.

GAY-LSAC HUMBOLDT PRIZE

Humboldt has repeatedly emphasized that Gay-Lsac exerted a lastg fluence on his velopment as a scientist.

GAY LSAC HUMBOLDT STOCK PHOTOS AND IMAG

In 1808 Gay-Lsac beme profsor of practil chemistry at the Éle polytechnique Paris 1808 and simultaneoly profsor of physics and chemistry at the Sorbonne, a post which he only rigned for the chair of chemistry at the Jard s Plant. In 1830 Gay-Lsac was elected a foreign member of the Göttgen Amy of Science and 1832 he was elected to the Amerin Amy of Arts and Scienc. In 1802 he formulated the law of Gay-Lsac, acrdg to which gas expand learly wh creasg temperature if the prsure remas nstant.

The efficient of volume crease, which Gay-Lsac measured for each gree of temperature crease, was 1/266 ( fact: 1/273). Some well known scientists (Amontons, Lambert, Charl) had already prepared the Gay-Lsac law, but they had not yet termed the gree of expansn of the gas precisely enough.

Together wh Alexanr von Humboldt, Gay-Lsac vtigated the volum of hydrogen and oxygen that be to form water. In 1807, Gay-Lsac rried out temperature experiments wh two rooms of equal size, nnected by a pipe and separable om each other.

FRAN-GERMAN GAY-LSAC HUMBOLDT PRIZE

Sce 1808 Gay-Lsac and Louis Jacqu Thénard tried to produce pure potassium and sodium om potassium hydroxi and sodium hydroxi, rpectively, g a voltic pile. Gay-Lsac studied the de disvered 1811 by Bernard Courtois and showed that the chemil properti of de and chlore are siar. Véronique Gayrard, rearch director ("directrice recherche”) at CNRS (Centre Natnale la Recherche Scientifique) Marseille, is this year's recipient of the Gay Lsac Humboldt Award.

The Gay Lsac Humboldt Award is lked to a rearch stay Bonn, which Véronique Gayrard will probably start at the begng of Febary for an ial perd of 6 months. Véronique Gayrard was nomated for the Gay Lsac Humboldt Award by Anton Bovier of the Instute of Applied Mathematics.

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GAY-LSAC, JOSEPH LOUIS (1778–1850)

He received the Gay Lsac Humboldt Prize 2010, which is given to German and French scientists for their outstandg scientific ntributns as well as their ep mment to rearch -operatn between both untri. Together wh Profsor Peter Fratzl, Director of the Department of Bmaterials, Yv Bréchet will velop new materials based on mols om Lsac Humboldt PrizeSce 1983, the French Science Mistry honors annually wh the Gay Lsac Humboldt Prize, five ternatnally renowned German scientists who have helped to further French-German -operatn science, as suggted by French rearch partners.

PRIX GAY-LSAC-HUMBOLDT

The French scientist Joseph-Louis Gay-Lsac (1778-1850; view portra at the Welle llectn) ma important ntributns ncerng the physil and chemil properti of gas.

Bis the work scribed this selectn, he helped tablish that the volume of a gas at nstant prsure vari simply wh s temperature [Gay-Lsac 1802], a rult known today as Charl' law. The empiril evince prented by Gay-Lsac of gas bg simple rats by volume is remarkably nsistent wh John Dalton's ia of substanc bg atom to atom.

GAY-LSAC-HUMBOLDT PRIZE 2017 FOR JOHANN ORPHAL

) The ngence between the ias of Dalton and the experiments of Gay-Lsac is obv to morn chemists, but was risted by both Dalton and Gay-Lsac. I have add some footnot that were prent Gay-Lsac's origal paper and the Alembic Club translatn but which I neglected to clu my origal annotated versn of this paper. (Gay-Lsac's not are marked by an asterisk as well as a number brackets; me have only numbers brackets.

) Thanks to Jim Keiser, who drew my attentn to errors Gay-Lsac's figur for the muriate of ammonium, and whose note prompted me to rrect the earlier omissn of footnot and to fix broken lks.

GAY-LSAC-HUMBOLDTSCH GETZ

[2]Gay-Lsac here stat an aspect of Charl' law (named after his ntemporary Jacqu Charl), a subject on which he also nducted signifint rearch. [Gay-Lsac 1802] The extent to which a gas expands at nstant prsure is directly proportnal to s temperature, wh a proportnaly nstant the same for all gas.

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC

[3]Gay-Lsac offers some sight to the reason behd a well-known fact the physil scienc: gas are simple while solids and pecially liquids are plited. [Partgton 1948] The llectn of quantative data on bg mass, Dalton's program of pilg specific heats and his program of measurg atomic weights (prev chapter), and Gay-Lsac's work on bg volum n be seen as efforts to make chemistry a quantative science. [7]Gay-Lsac summariz three opns on the qutn of bg proportns: Joseph-Louis Prot (1754-1826; see portra at the Welle llectn) believed that there were only two bg proportns possible for any pair of elements [e.

[10]By the time Gay-Lsac prented this paper, most of the available evince supported the hypothis of fe proportns, and much of the evince for variable proportns uld be explaed as due to mixtur rather than pounds. Intertgly, though, Gay-Lsac's attu this paragraph seems eher ntral or cled to disbelieve Berthollet's opponents. The fact that Gay-Lsac was an associate and protégé of Berthollet perhaps cled Gay-Lsac to have more nfince his work than perhaps the evince mered.

VéRONIQUE GAYRARD IS AWARD THE GAY LSAC HUMBOLDT AWARD

What is important, however, is not so much the inty of the pounds volved the reactns (for ed, Gay-Lsac did not know the formulas of many of them, and did not report the quanti of product formed), but the fact that all the reactns the gas bed simple rats by volume. In the first example given, that of water, Gay-Lsac means (although do not say so explicly) that water ntas 200 parts of hydrogen by volume for every 100 parts of oxygen.