Joseph Louis Gay-Lsac (1778–1850) and analytil chemistry - ScienceDirect

Contents:

• JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• JOSEPH GAY-LSAC SUMMARY
• GAY-LSAC
• LOUIS JOSEPH GAY LSAC: BGRAPHY, NTRIBUTNS, WORKS, PHRAS
• GAY-LSAC’S LAW
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC AND HIS WORK ON GAS
• SCIENTIST OF THE DAY - JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC
• GAY-LSAC'S GAS LAW EXAMPL
• GAY-LSAC (1778–1850): A VIEW OF CHEMISTRY, DTRY AND SOCIETY POST-REVOLUTNARY FRANCE
• JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC (1778–1850) AND ANALYTIL CHEMISTRY

JOSEPH-LOUIS GAY-LSAC

Joseph-Louis Gay-Lsac, (born December 6, 1778, Sat-Léonard--Noblat, France—died May 9, 1850, Paris), French chemist and physicist who pneered vtigatns to the behavur of gas, tablished new techniqu for analysis, and ma notable advanc applied chemistry.

Gay-Lsac was the elst son of a provcial lawyer and royal official who lost his posn wh the French Revolutn of 1789. Early his schoolg, Gay-Lsac acquired an tert science, and his mathematil abily enabled him to pass the entrance examatn for the newly found Éle Polytechnique, where stunts’ expens were paid by the state. At Arcueil, Berthollet was joed by the ement mathematician Pierre-Simon Laplace, who engaged Gay-Lsac experiments on pillary orr to study short-range forc.

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC

Gay-Lsac’s approach to the study of matter was nsistently volumetric rather than gravimetric, ntrast to that of his English ntemporary John Dalton.

Another example of Gay-Lsac’s fondns for volumetric rats appeared an 1810 vtigatn to the posn of vegetable substanc performed wh his iend Louis-Jacqu Thenard.

In a followg solo flight, Gay-Lsac reached 7, 016 metr (more than 23, 000 feet), thereby settg a rerd for the hight balloon flight that remaed unbroken for a half-century. In 1805–06, amid the Napoleonic wars, Gay-Lsac embarked upon a European tour wh another Arcueil lleague, the Pssian explorer Alexanr von Humboldt.

JOSEPH GAY-LSAC SUMMARY

Gay-Lsac’s rearch together wh the patronage of Berthollet and the Arcueil group helped him to ga membership the prtig First Class of the Natnal Instute (later the Amy of Scienc) at an early stage his reer (1806). Three years prevly Gay-Lsac had been appoted to the junr post of répétr at the Éle Polytechnique where, 1810, he received a profsorship chemistry that clud a substantial salary.

Gay-Lsac’s appotment to the faculty of the Éle Polytechnique 1804 provid him wh laboratory facili the centre of Paris. Rivalry between Gay-Lsac and Davy reached a climax over the de experiments Davy rried out durg an extraordary vis to Paris November 1813, at a time when France was at war wh Bra. Gay-Lsac prented a much more plete study of de a long memoir prented to the Natnal Instute on Augt 1, 1814, and subsequently published the Annal chimie.

GAY-LSAC

In 1815 Gay-Lsac experimentally monstrated that pssic acid was simply hydrocyanic acid, a pound of rbon, hydrogen, and nrogen, and he also isolated the pound cyanogen [(CN)2 or C2N2]. Begng 1816, Gay-Lsac served as the jot edor of the Annal chimie et physique, a posn he shared wh his former Arcueil lleague François Arago. Still, Gay-Lsac did not pe cricism om lleagu for turng away om the path of “pure” science and toward the path of fancial ga.

Prevly a few c trials had been rried out to timate the strength of chlore solutns bleachg, but Gay-Lsac troduced a scientific rigour to chemil quantifitn and vised important modifitns to apparat. The prcipl of volumetric analysis uld be tablished only through Gay-Lsac’s theoretil and practil geni but, once tablished, the analysis self uld be rried out by a junr assistant wh brief trag. Gay-Lsac published an entire seri of Instctns on subjects rangg om the timatn of potash (1818) to the nstctn of lightng nductors.

LOUIS JOSEPH GAY LSAC: BGRAPHY, NTRIBUTNS, WORKS, PHRAS

In 1848 (the year of revolutns) Gay-Lsac rigned om his var appotments Paris, and he retired to a untry hoe the neighbourhood of his youth that was stocked wh his library and a private laboratory.

GAY-LSAC’S LAW

” In a logy livered after his ath at the Amy of Scienc, his iend, the physicist Arago, summed up Gay-Lsac’s scientific work as that of “an gen physicist and an outstandg chemist. In 1804 Gay-Lsac ma several darg ascents of over 7, 000 meters above sea level hydrogen-filled balloons—a feat not equaled for another 50 years—that allowed him to vtigate other aspects of gas.

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC AND HIS WORK ON GAS

In 1808 Gay-Lsac announced what was probably his sgle greatt achievement: om his own and others’ experiments he duced that gas at nstant temperature and prsure be simple numeril proportns by volume, and the rultg product or products—if gas—also bear a simple proportn by volume to the volum of the reactants.

Wh his fellow profsor at the Éle Polytechnique, Louis Jacqu Thénard, Gay-Lsac also participated early electrochemil rearch, vtigatg the elements disvered by s means. Joseph Louis Gay-Lsac (1778–1850) lived through three revolutns France and his life reflected the social transformatns takg place around him. Gay-Lsac may be seen as the first 'profsnal' scientist and ed, throughout the book, Profsor Crosland emphasis that he knew how to e his science to solve practil problems and was able to prof nsirably om this applitn.

SCIENTIST OF THE DAY - JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC

ContentBgraphyStudiNext jobsMarriageNew disveriPolil reerLast yearsContributns to scienceCharl and Gay-Lsac's LawGay-Lsac's LawBoronChloreLaw of batn volumAlhol nsy meterIndtrial ChemistryPhrasReferencJoseph-Louis Gay-Lsac (1778-1850) was a French physicist and chemist born December 1778.

The first, lled Charl's Law, tablished that a gas expands proportnally to s temperature as long as the prsure is send, lled Gay Lsac's Law, stat that the prsure of a fixed volume of gas is proportnal to s temperature.

GAY-LSAC'S GAS LAW EXAMPL

After this, he began a journey wh Humboldt to vtigate the posn of the earth's air, as well as s magic addn to holdg the chair of Physics at the Sorbonne Universy and also beg a Profsor of Chemistry at the Polytechnic Instute of Paris, Gay-Lsac held some polil posns of some importance.

Although was his laws on gas that have ed Gay-Lsac to go down history, the scientist also veloped other important vtigatns. Siarly, provid some signifint improvements the field of the chemil Gay-Lsac me to the world the French town of Sat-Léonard- Noblat, on December 6, 1778.

The rults were livered to the Instute of the Amy of Scienc and nsisted of the ratifitn of the disveri ma 1787 by CharlNext jobsA year after prentg his work on gas, Gay-Lsac nducted experiments aboard a hot air balloon.

GAY-LSAC (1778–1850): A VIEW OF CHEMISTRY, DTRY AND SOCIETY POST-REVOLUTNARY FRANCE

This battery was ma up of 600 pairs of zc and pper 1809, Gay-Lsac published his stoichmetric law on the batn of gaseo substanc. Intertgly, both scientists also disvered de at the same time, but the private sphere, Gay-Lsac married Geneviève Rojot 1811, wh whom he had five disveriGay-Lsac ntued to make new disveri durg the followg years.

Gay-Lsac was one of those who bed scientific rearch wh polil rearcher was elected puty 1831 for Hte-Vienne, sce he revalidated 1834 and 1837. The scientist lived there until, the sprg of 1850, he realized that his ath was that time he asked his son to burn a treatise that he had begun to wre and which was entled May 9 of that same year, Louis Joseph Gay-Lsac died the French pal. Contributns to scienceThe most important ntributns to science ma by Gay-Lsac were related to his studi on the characteristics of addn to the laws that bear his name, Gay-Lsac also stood out for tablishg improvements applible to the chemil dtry.

Charl and Gay-Lsac's LawThe so-lled Charl and Gay-Lsac Law relat the volume and temperature of an ial gas quanty that is kept at a nstant prsure. Although was Jacqu Charl who disvered this qualy of gas 1787, was Gay-Lsac who published the law for the first time, 's LawGay-Lsac's work that had the most impact led to the law that bears his name.

JOSEPH LOUIS GAY-LSAC (1778–1850) AND ANALYTIL CHEMISTRY

BoronAlthough boron and s pounds have been known and ed sce ancient tim, was not until the 19th century that uld be obtaed wh a high gree of, 1808, Gay-Lsac managed to obta boron wh a 50% pury. ChloreAs wh the boron rearch, Gay-Lsac and Humphry Davy aga agreed when me to prentg a fdg on this ocsn, both scientists monstrated that the hherto lled oxygenated muriatic acid, chlore, was a simple chemil, 1813, Gay-Lsac and Davy would return to make the same disvery workg separately: the disvery of of batn volumGay-Lsac also ma an important ntributn to stoichmetric laws.