Gay rights movement | Defn & History | Branni

Contents:

• GAY ATRIAN POLICEMAN WS LONG FIGHT FOR JTICE
• GAY RIGHTS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• WHERE 'S A CRIME TO BE GAY: A VISUAL GUI TO WHERE LGBTQ+ RIGHTS ARE REPRSED

GAY ATRIAN POLICEMAN WS LONG FIGHT FOR JTICE

Image source, Getty ImagImage ptn, The policeman's se is a remr that anti-gay prejudice was rife the 1970sAtria mt pensate an ex-policeman who was sacked 1976 for sexual cency wh mors and who lost 25% of his police pensn, the European Court of Jtice (ECJ) has mted the offence wh two boys aged 14 and 15. After this s-long legal fight, he fally won his se at the ECJ on the old law, the age of nsent was set at 18 for homosexual men, but at 14 for lbians and 2002, le wh EU anti-discrimatn policy, Atria ma 14 the age of nsent for everyone, although workers the sex dtry have to be 18 or olr. Army service World War I, Gerber was spired to create his anizatn by the Scientific-Humanarian Commtee, a “homosexual emancipatn” group ’s small group published a few issu of s newsletter “Friendship and Freedom, ” the untry’s first gay-tert newsletter.

Ernment signated Gerber’s Chigo hoe a Natnal Historic Pk TriangleCorbis/Getty ImagHomosexual prisoners at the ncentratn mp at Sachsenhsen, Germany, wearg pk triangl on their uniforms on December 19, gay rights movement stagnated for the next few s, though LGBT dividuals around the world did e to the spotlight a few example, English poet and thor Radclyffe Hall stirred up ntroversy 1928 when she published her lbian-themed novel, The Well of Lonels.

Addnally, 1948, his book Sexual Behavr the Human Male, Aled Ksey proposed that male sexual orientatn li on a ntuum between exclively homosexual to exclively Homophile Years In 1950, Harry Hay found the Mattache Foundatn, one of the natn’s first gay rights group. ”Though started off small, the foundatn, which sought to improve the liv of gay men through discsn groups and related activi, expand after foundg member Dale Jenngs was arrted 1952 for solicatn and then later set ee due to a adlocked the end of the year, Jenngs formed another anizatn lled One, Inc., which weled women and published ONE, the untry’s first pro-gay magaze. Post Office, which 1954 clared the magaze “obscene” and refed to liver Mattache Society Mattache Foundatn members rtctured the anizatn to form the Mattache Society, which had lol chapters other parts of the untry and 1955 began publishg the untry’s send gay publitn, The Mattache Review.

GAY RIGHTS

That same year, four lbian upl San Francis found an anizatn lled the Dghters of Bilis, which soon began publishg a newsletter lled The Ladr, the first lbian publitn of any early years of the movement also faced some notable setbacks: the Amerin Psychiatric Associatn listed homosexualy as a form of mental disorr followg year, Print Dwight D.

”In fear of beg shut down by thori, bartenrs would ny drks to patrons spected of beg gay or kick them out altogether; others would serve them drks but force them to s facg away om other ctomers to prevent them om 1966, members of the Mattache Society New York Cy staged a “sip-”—a twist on the “s-” protts of the 1960s— which they vised taverns, clared themselv gay, and waed to be turned away so they uld sue.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

They were nied service at the Greenwich Village tavern Juli, rultg much publicy and the quick reversal of the anti-gay liquor Stonewall Inn A few years later, 1969, a now-famo event talyzed the gay rights movement: The Stonewall clanste gay club Stonewall Inn was an stutn Greenwich Village bee was large, cheap, allowed dancg and weled drag queens and homels the early hours of June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn. 1 / 12: NY Daily News Archive/Getty ImagChristopher Street Liberatn Day Shortly after the Stonewall uprisg, members of the Mattache Society spl off to form the Gay Liberatn Front, a radil group that lnched public monstratns, protts and nontatns wh polil officials.

Addnally, several openly LGBTQ dividuals secured public office posns: Kathy Kozachenko won a seat to the Ann Harbor, Michigan, Cy Council 1974, beg the first out Amerin to be elected to public Milk, who mpaigned on a pro-gay rights platform, beme the San Francis cy supervisor 1978, beg the first openly gay man elected to a polil office asked Gilbert Baker, an artist and gay rights activist, to create an emblem that reprents the movement and would be seen as a symbol of pri. In 1981, the Centers for Disease Control and Preventn published a report about five prevly healthy homosexual men beg fected wh a rare type of 1984, rearchers had intified the e of AIDS—the human immunoficiency vis, or HIV—and the Food and Dg Admistratn licensed the first mercial blood tt for HIV 1985. But after failg to garner enough support for such an open policy, Print Clton 1993 passed the “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” (DADT) policy, which allowed gay men and women to serve the ary as long as they kept their sexualy a rights advot cried the Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell policy, as did ltle to stop people om beg discharged on the grounds of their 2011, Print Obama fulfilled a mpaign promise to repeal DADT; by that time, more than 12, 000 officers had been discharged om the ary unr DADT for refg to hi their sexualy.

Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell was officially repealed on September 20, Marriage and Beyond In 1992, the District of Columbia passed a law that allowed gay and lbian upl to register as domtic partners, grantg them some of the rights of marriage (the cy of San Francis passed a siar ordance three years prr and California would later extend those rights to the entire state 1999) 1993, the hight urt  Hawaii led that a ban on gay marriage may go agast the state’s nstutn. In 1994, a new anti-hate-crime law allowed judg to impose harsher sentenc if a crime was motivated by a victim’s sexual Matthew Shepard ActCourty of the Matthew Shepard FoundatnMatthew Shepard, who was btally killed a hate crime 2003, gay rights proponents had another b of happy news: the U. Gay rights proponents mt also ntent wh an creasg number of “relig liberty” state laws, which allow bs to ny service to LGBTQ dividuals due to relig beliefs, as well as “bathroom laws” that prevent transgenr dividuals om g public bathrooms that don’t rrpond to their sex at birth.

WHERE 'S A CRIME TO BE GAY: A VISUAL GUI TO WHERE LGBTQ+ RIGHTS ARE REPRSED

In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons. In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women.

In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act. This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat. Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).

Human Rights Watch has documented anti-LGBT vlence and threats faced by gay men and trans women Antigua and Royal Police Force of Antigua and Barbuda has unrgone LGBTI sensizatn trag to better protect the rights of LGBTI people, facilated by Caribbean 2016, followg s UN Universal Perdic Review, the mister of social transformatn announced that she was willg to troduce to Cabet a remendatn to repeal the buggery laws, but as of 2021, they rema place Antigua and November 2019, the Eastern Caribbean Alliance for Diversy and Equaly announced planned to lnch a legal challenge agast the crimalizatn of private, nsensual same-sex sexual activy.

In rponse, May 2020, Bolsonaro vowed to send a bill banng “genr iology” to the Natnal Congrs, but has not yet done January 2020, the Supreme Court upheld eedom of exprsn and vated a lg by a R Janeiro judge orrg Netflix to take down a special featurg a “gay J. Dpe Colombia’s strong legal protectns on the basis of sexual orientatn and genr inty, the human rights ombudsperson has raised ncerns about high levels of vlence agast lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr rponse to the Covid-19 panmic, on April 8, 2020 the ernment of Bogotá tablished a genr-based quarante. ”For several months, Egyptians livg wh HIV, cludg gay men, faced obstacl to accsg HIV treatment as they feared retrievg their meditn om fever hospals, the only centers where people livg wh HIV n accs lifavg meditns, after the ernment signated them as treatment centers for Covid-19.

In spe of this law, lbian, gay, bisexual, and transgenr (LGBT) activists succsfully held the first ever “Eswati Pri” event June 2018, wh hundreds marchg the streets of Mbabane support of LGBT October 20, 2020, the Eswati High Court heard a challenge om Eswati Sexual and Genr Mori (ESGM) agast the Eswati Registrar of Compani’ refal to register ESGM as a pany.

The amendment f “aggravated homosexualy” to clu serial offenrs or persons wh a prev nvictn for homosexualy, persons who admister dgs or substanc orr to have “unlawful rnal nnectn” wh a person of the same sex, persons havg same-sex relatns wh someone unr the age of 18 or wh a person who has a disabily, or a person wh HIV havg same sex sexual relatns. Article 401 holds that any person who ms an “immost act” public n be imprisoned for up to six months, a vague provisn that uld be ed to target sexual and genr mori, although such s have not been the years, thori have not held acuntable perpetrators, cludg secury forc, of kidnappgs, torture, and killgs of people perceived as gay and transgenr.

The clu a 2015 High Court lg favor of the Natnal Gay and Lbian Human Rights Commissn a se volvg eedom of assembly and associatn, which has been appealed by the ernment and currently awas rolutn at the Supreme Court; a 2018 Appeals Court lg prohibg forced anal examatns; and lgs affirmg transgenr and tersex people’s rights. There were no publicly known s of persons sentenced to ath 2020 or recent years for homosexual Court of Appeal Nouakchott on March 4, 2020, nfirmed the nvictn of eight men for “mtg cent acts” and “cg bchery, ” but rced their sentenc to six months prison. Morocn law also crimaliz what refers to as acts of “sexual viancy” between members of the same sex, a term that thori e to refer to homosexualy more generally, and punish them wh prison terms of up to three April 2020, multiple dividuals nducted a mpaign of onle harassment of prumed gay and bisexual men.

It ed panic among people who sought to protect their privacy due to the social stigma toward homosexualy and the legal prohibn of same-sex a memorandum published October 2019, the Natnal Human Rights Council, a state-appoted body, remend crimalizg nsensual sex between non-married adults.

Sce the crimalizatn of homosexualy Mozambique 2015, and spe of a November 2017 urt cisn that clared unnstutnal a law wh vague “moraly” provisns that had been ed to jtify nyg registratn to LGBT groups, the ernment has still not registered the untry’s largt such group, Lambda. Nigerian law crimaliz same-sex nduct as well as public show of same-sex amoro relatnships, same-sex marriag, and the registratn of gay clubs, societi, and December 2019, 47 men were put on trial for public displays of affectn wh members of the same sex, an offence that rri a 10-year jail term unr the Same Sex Marriage Prohibn law, enacted 2014. Polish thori’ crackdown on LGBT rights activists tensified 2020, particular on Augt 7, when hundreds of monstrators gathered outsi the Warsaw offic of the Campaign Agast Homophobia, an LGBT rights group, to prott an orr to arrt a non-bary activist named Margo Szutowicz acced of g damage June to a tck promotg false anti-LGBT propaganda.