Gay rights movement - New World Encyclopedia

Contents:

• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT SUMMARY
• A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• GAY RIGHTS TIMELE: KEY DAT THE FIGHT FOR EQUALY
• BILLY PORTER HELPS EXAME ORIGS OF GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

E., for lbians, gays [homosexual mal], bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons); seeks to elimate sodomy laws; and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life. ) Gay rights prr to the 20th century Relig admonns agast sexual relatns between dividuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behavur, but most legal s Europe were silent on the subject of homosexualy and bisexualy. Dpe Paragraph 175 and the failure of the WhK to w s repeal, homosexual and bisexual men and women experienced a certa amount of eedom Germany, particularly durg the Weimar perd, between the end of World War I and the Nazi seizure of power.

In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT SUMMARY

In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act. In the 1970s and ’80s, gay polil anizatns proliferated, particularly the Uned Stat and Europe, and spread to other parts of the globe, though their relative size, strength, and succs—and toleratn by thori—varied signifintly.

Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons. This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat.

At the lol and natnal levels, the number of openly gay policians creased dramatilly durg the 1990s and 2000s, and 2009 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir beme prime mister of Iceland, which ma her the world’s first openly gay head of ernment. In Ai, Asia, and Lat Ameri, openly gay policians have had only limed succs wng office; notable electns to natnal legislatur clud Patria Jiménez Flor Mexi (1997), Mike Waters South Ai (1999), and Clodovil Hernans Brazil (2006).

A BRIEF HISTORY OF LBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, AND TRANSGENR SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage). Ary’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy (1993–2011), which had permted gay and lbian dividuals to serve the ary if they did not disclose their sexual orientatn or engage homosexual activy; the repeal effectively end the ban on homosexuals the ary.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Key potsIn the late 1960s and 1970s, Native Amerins, gay men, lbians, and women anized to change discrimatory laws and pursue ernment support for their terts, a strategy known as inty groups, whose aims and tactics posed a challenge to the existg state of affairs, often met wh hostily om dividuals, lol officials, and the US ernment.

Increased fundg for Native Amerin tn, healthre, legal servic, hog, and enomic velopment followed, along wh the hirg of more Native Amerin employe the rightsDurg this era, the stggle for gay and lbian rights tensified as well. Shortly thereafter, the Gay Liberatn Front and Gay Activists’ Alliance were formed; the anizatns began to prott discrimatn, homophobia, and vlence agast gay people, and promoted gay liberatn and gay advocy anizatns lled for gay men and lbians to e out—reveal their sexual orientatn—gay and lbian muni moved om the urban unrground to the polil sphere. We will exame the Women's Movement, which fought for genr equaly and women's rights, the Gay Liberatn Movement, which advoted for LGBTQ+ rights, the Amerin Indian Movement, which sought self-termatn and sovereignty for Indigeno peopl, and affirmative actn polici, which aimed to addrs past discrimatn and promote diversy tn and the workforce.

THE AMERIN GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

The Amerin Psychiatric Associatn's diagnostic manual fed homosexualy as an the McCarthy era, the charge that homosexuals were "moral perverts" and secury risks led the ernment to adopt l explicly excludg them om feral jobs or ary service. " The danger was not solely bee they were gay though; homosexuals were nsired to be more sceptible to blackmail and th were labeled as secury Courty of CBS NewsMcCarthy hired Roy Cohn—who would later die of AIDS and was acced of beg a closeted homosexual as chief unsel of his Congrsnal submtee. The executive orr was also the e for the firg of approximately 5, 000 gay people om feral employment; this clud private ntractors and ary June 28, 1969, New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn, a gay nightclub (which was illegal).

GAY RIGHTS TIMELE: KEY DAT THE FIGHT FOR EQUALY

Over the next week, two addnal rts broke out the neighborhood began to w a seri of victori the 1970s:The Amerin Psychiatric Associatn stopped classifyg homosexualy as a mental the end of the , half the stat had repealed their sodomy statut. A Michigan transgenr woman, Aimee Stephens, said she was fired om the funeral home where she worked for six years as Anthony Stephens bee of her transn om male to than 90% of Amerins believe gays and lbians should have equal rights terms of job opportuni, acrdg to a 2019 Gallup poll.

As a rult, the long-awaed cisn did not rolve whether other opponents of same-sex marriage, cludg bakers, florists, photographers, and viographers, n refe mercial weddg servic to gay Courty of Harvard Civil RightsIn 2019, the se Arlene’s Flowers v.

BILLY PORTER HELPS EXAME ORIGS OF GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

Supporters of gay rights seek to elimate sodomy laws barrg homosexual acts between nsentg adults and ll for an end to discrimatn agast gay men and lbians employment, cred, lendg, hog, marriage, adoptn, public acmodatns, and other areas of life. The Dutch Associatn for the Integratn of Homosexualy COC, found as the COC (Cultuur en Ontspanngs Centm [“Culture and Recreatn Center”]) 1946 and headquartered Amsterdam, is a proment European group and the olst existg gay rights anizatn. However, throughout 150 years of homosexual social movements (roughly om the 1870s to today), lears and anizers stggled to addrs the very different ncerns and inty issu of gay men, women intifyg as lbians, and others intifyg as genr variant or nonbary.

Such eyewns acunts the era before other media were of urse riddled wh the bias of the (often) Wtern or Whe observer, and add to beliefs that homosexual practic were other, foreign, savage, a medil issue, or evince of a lower racial hierarchy. The European powers enforced their own crimal s agast what was lled sodomy the New World: the first known se of homosexual activy receivg a ath sentence North Ameri occurred 1566, when the Spanish executed a Frenchman Florida.

Biblil terpretatn ma illegal for a woman to wear pants or a man to adopt female drs, and sensatnalized public trials warned agast “viants” but also ma such martyrs and hero popular: Joan of Arc is one example, and the chillg origs of the word “faggot” clu a stick of wood ed public burngs of gay men. The blu mic of Ain-Amerin women showsed varieti of lbian sire, stggle, and humor; the performanc, along wh male and female drag stars, troduced a gay unrworld to straight patrons durg Prohibn’s fiance of race and sex s speakeasy clubs. This creasg awarens of an existg and vulnerable populatn, upled wh Senator Joseph McCarthy’s vtigatn of homosexuals holdg ernment jobs durg the early 1950s outraged wrers and feral employe whose own liv were shown to be send-class unr the law, cludg Frank Kameny, Barbara Gtgs, Allen Gsberg, and Harry Hay.