Social Movements and Equaly Seekg: The Case of Gay Liberatn Canada* | Canadian Journal of Polil Science/Revue nadienne science polique | Cambridge Core

Contents:

• LBIAN AND GAY LIBERATN CANADA
• GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT
• THE CANADIAN LBIAN AND GAY ARCHIV ARCHIV OF SEXUALY & GENR, PART I: LGBTQ HISTORY AND CULTURE SCE 1940
• SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND EQUALY SEEKG: THE CASE OF GAY LIBERATN CANADA*
• LBIAN AND GAY LIBERATN CANADA: LNCH OF ONLE ROURCE PROVIS ACCS TO EXTENSIVE DIGAL NTENT
• GAY LIBERATN

LBIAN AND GAY LIBERATN CANADA

The Lbian and Gay Liberatn Canada (LGLC) project brgs together acunts of over 34, 000 events, people, and plac that shaped the creatn of gay polil nscns Canada, spanng om the formatn of the first homophile group 1964 to the start of the AIDS crisis 1981. Lbian and Gay Liberatn Canada is supported by the Humani Data Lab at the Universy of Ottawa, the Toronto Metropolan Universy Centre for Digal Humani, the Toronto Metropolan Universy Librari, the Social Scienc and Humani Rearch Council of Canada, and the Department of Canadian Herage.

Lbian and Gay Liberatn Canada (LGLC) renfigur two books, Don McLeod’s chronologi Lbian and Gay Liberatn In Canada: A Selected Annotated Chronology, Volume 1, 1964-1975, and Volume 2, 1976-1981, as a data set allows ers to explore the people, plac, events, and publitns that fed Canadian gay liberatn history.

GAY RIGHTS MOVEMENT

The end date cis wh the foundg of the Natnal Gay Rights Coaln/Coaln natnal pour l dros s homosexuels (NGRC/CNDH), the "first tly natnal aln of Canadian lbian and gay groups" (McLeod, Lbian and Gay Liberatn In Canada V. The word selected the tle refers to the lims that were placed on the material vered—the book foc primarily on "self-clared lbians and gay men and their activi regard to the fg of lbian and gay muni and liberatn Canada" (viii).

That said, the movement self was not whout ternal schisms and bate: gay men who foced on their own sexual libertarianism uld be bld to genr-based power imbalanc, and lbian groups, often fdg themselv at odds wh both the gay liberatn and women’s liberatn movements, spltered off to form their own anizatns based around distct sets of mands.

The first Pri celebratn held Toronto was jt three years after the Stonewall Rts New York June 1969, an event that sparked the gay liberatn movement, and was a fairly most affair — a piic on the Toronto Islands.

THE CANADIAN LBIAN AND GAY ARCHIV ARCHIV OF SEXUALY & GENR, PART I: LGBTQ HISTORY AND CULTURE SCE 1940

One year later, Toronto held s first Pri celebratn wh a piic on the Toronto Islands anized by the Universy of Toronto Homophile Associatn, Toronto Gay Actn Now and the Communy Homophile Associatn of Toronto. In the preface to her fluential book, Lbian imag, wrer for The Body Polic and person the Lbian and Gay Liberatn Canada (LGLC) data set, Canadian thor Jane Rule strs the importance of not rcg human experience orr to unrstand .

While prosopography has tradnally been ed to unver the averag, the norms, and the likely liv of people about whom historians have ltle rmatn (for example, Roman slav or Anglo-Saxon peasants), LGLC is takg up prosopography, not to fill gaps or to rce liberatnists to a few statistil averag, but to velop new knowledge about how the ias at the heart of the liberatn movement, and the muni that poed them, shaped Canadian la préface son ouvrage fluent, Lbian Imag, l'tre nadienne Jane Rule, rédactrice pour The Body Polic et l'une s personn dans l'ensemble s donné du projet Lbian and Gay Liberatn Canada (LGLC), souligne l'importance ne pas réduire l'expérience humae af mix la prendre. E., for lbians, gays [homosexual mal], bisexuals, transgenr persons, and queer persons); seeks to elimate sodomy laws; and lls for an end to discrimatn agast LGBTQ persons employment, cred, hog, public acmodatns, and other areas of life.

) Gay rights prr to the 20th century Relig admonns agast sexual relatns between dividuals of the same sex (particularly men) long stigmatized such behavur, but most legal s Europe were silent on the subject of homosexualy and bisexualy. Dpe Paragraph 175 and the failure of the WhK to w s repeal, homosexual and bisexual men and women experienced a certa amount of eedom Germany, particularly durg the Weimar perd, between the end of World War I and the Nazi seizure of power. In the Uned Stat this greater visibily brought some backlash, particularly om the ernment and the police: the ernment often fired gay civil servants, the ary attempted to purge s ranks of gay soldiers (a policy enacted durg World War II), and police vice squads equently raid gay bars and arrted their patrons.

SOCIAL MOVEMENTS AND EQUALY SEEKG: THE CASE OF GAY LIBERATN CANADA*

In the Uned Stat the first major male anizatn, found 1950–51 by Harry Hay Los Angel, was the Mattache Society (s name reputedly rived om a medieval French society of masked players, the Société Mattache, to reprent the public “maskg” of homosexualy), while the Dghters of Bilis (named after the Sapphic love poems of Pierre Louÿs, Chansons Bilis), found 1955 by Phyllis Lyon and Del Mart San Francis, was a leadg group for women. In Bra 1957 a missn chaired by Sir John Wolfenn issued a groundbreakg report (see Wolfenn Report) remendg that private homosexual liaisons between nsentg adults be removed om the doma of crimal law; a later the remendatn was implemented by Parliament the Sexual Offenc Act.

In the 1970s and ’80s, gay polil anizatns proliferated, particularly the Uned Stat and Europe, and spread to other parts of the globe, though their relative size, strength, and succs—and toleratn by thori—varied signifintly. Now headquartered Geneva and renamed the Internatnal Lbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Associatn (ILGA World), plays a signifint role ordatg ternatnal efforts to promote human rights and fight discrimatn agast LGBTQ and tersex persons.

This support, along wh mpaigns by gay activists urgg gay men and women to “e out of the closet” (ed, the late 1980s, Natnal Comg Out Day was tablished, and is now celebrated on October 11 most untri), enuraged gay men and women to enter the polil arena as ndidat. At the lol and natnal levels, the number of openly gay policians creased dramatilly durg the 1990s and 2000s, and 2009 Jóhanna Sigurðardóttir beme prime mister of Iceland, which ma her the world’s first openly gay head of ernment.

LBIAN AND GAY LIBERATN CANADA: LNCH OF ONLE ROURCE PROVIS ACCS TO EXTENSIVE DIGAL NTENT

In Ai, Asia, and Lat Ameri, openly gay policians have had only limed succs wng office; notable electns to natnal legislatur clud Patria Jiménez Flor Mexi (1997), Mike Waters South Ai (1999), and Clodovil Hernans Brazil (2006).

Other issu of primary importance for the gay rights movement sce the 1970s clud batg the HIV/AIDS epimic and promotg disease preventn and fundg for rearch; lobbyg ernment for nondiscrimatory polici employment, hog, and other aspects of civil society; endg the ban on ary service for gay and lbian dividuals; expandg hate crim legislatn to clu protectns for gays, cludg transgenr dividuals; and securg marriage rights for same-sex upl (see same-sex marriage).

Ary’s “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy (1993–2011), which had permted gay and lbian dividuals to serve the ary if they did not disclose their sexual orientatn or engage homosexual activy; the repeal effectively end the ban on homosexuals the ary. Hodg), and 2020 the Court termed that firg an employee for beg homosexual or transgenr was a vlatn of Tle VII of the Civil Rights Act (1964), which prohibs discrimatn on the basis of sex (Bostock v. But cred for signifint gas ma over the past half century, the protters argue, belongs to the lbian, bisexual, trans, and gay people on the ground whose long and hard public mpaigns for equaly and jtice began late 1960s and are ongog to this day.

GAY LIBERATN

Held on the steps of Parliament Augt 1971, lbians and gays lled for the equalizatn of age-of-nsent laws (one uld not give nsent to havg sex wh someone of the same sex until reachg the age of 21).

Fstrated that the media refed to ver their prott or report their mands, they lnched The Body Polic, a newspaper that beme one of the most important journals of the ternatnal gay liberatnist movement. Ottawa prott, Augt 28th, 1971: Charl Hill, head of the Universy of Toronto’s Stunt Homophile Associatn read the text of mands for legislative chang that discrimated agast gay and lbian Canadians. Evangelil Prottants, most often the vanguard of antigay protts, have been a visible prence Canadian polil life, but they are much ls fluential than their Amerin s, nstutg ls than 10% of the overall populatn (Malloy, 2011).

Individual unns, mostly the public sector, began supportg lbian and gay claims the 1980s, and the next a good part of the overall labor movement was assertively backg the LGBT e and soon takg on issu of genr inty as well as sexual orientatn.