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class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl ContentHearByl-cZqgyJ bqbBYQ"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH ivtvgj byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span><a class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM ByleLk-gEnFiw iUEiRd ggMZaT cXqSTL eErqIx byle__name-lk button" href="/ntributors/isaac-choter">Isaac Choter</a></span></span></p></div><time data-ttid="ContentHearPublishDate" dateTime="2020-06-03T18:25:41-04:00" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ContentHearPublishDate-eIBicG iUEiRd kYZrFA kEBrdf">June 3, 2020</time></div></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ContentHearLeadAsset-hGbumP iWPCcH lead-asset ContentHearLeadAssetWrapper-hfXHEc fTrSlG lead-asset--width-smallle" 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BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnText-bHjzlu iUEiRd hWyo iXWezO ptn__text">Opal Tometi wh her Black Liv Matter -founrs Patrisse Cullors and Alicia Garza (pictured left to right) at an awards ceremony, 2016.</span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ CaptnCred-ejegDm iUEiRd iicloT jbIJNS ptn__cred">Source Photograph by Kevork Djansezian / Glamour / Getty</span></div></div></figure><div data-ttid="ContentHearLeadRailAnchor" class="ContentHearLeadRailAnchor-jYVcDc djtEof"></div></div></div></div></hear></div><div data-attribute-verso-pattern="article-body" class="ArticlePageContentBackGround-cNiFNN kbAoLA article-body__ntent"><div class="ActnBarWrapperContent-lasBkU cAHp"><div class="ActnBarWrapperComponent-cjwxLS bEeSLb"><div data-attr-viewport-monor="" class="ActnBarWrapper-dhxmQh kNjTbQ viewport-monor-anchor"><button id="bookmark" aria-label="Save this story" class="ActnBarButton-dyFOZU hQrwCF bookmark large-screen"><span class="ActnBarSendaryButtonPrimaryIn-isbvyN cAwccV 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23.9508V2.95081H14V3.93211H6V22.1845L12.5 18.5536L19 22.1845V8.83866H20V23.9508Z"></path><path class="in-bookmark-fill" d="M23 3H20V0H19V3H16V4H19V7H20V4H23V3Z"></path></svg></span><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ ActnBarButtonText-bYXYuh iUEiRd bkefvo gkccfO">Save this story</span></button></div></div></div><div class="LightboxWrapper-dxsWBV hhylRt"><div class="ArticlePageChunksContent-etcMtP bwyLBj"><div data-ttid="ArticlePageChunks" class="ArticlePageChunks-fLyCVG Uozmo"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="has-dropp has-dropp__lead-standard-headg">In 2013, the muny anizers Opal Tometi, Patrisse Cullors, and Alicia Garza started the Black Liv Matter movement. What began as a hashtag rponse to Trayvon Mart’s ath beme a natnwi phenomenon, wh protts rponse to the killgs of Ain-Amerins and chapters across the untry. Now, after the ath of <a href=">Gee Floyd</a>, at the hands of a Mneapolis police officer, and a week of natnwi protts to an extent unseen a half century, Black Liv Matter is once aga the biggt story the untry.</p><p class="paywall">On Tuday afternoon, I spoke by phone wh Tometi, who advis a number of black-led anizatns and prevly served as the executive director of the Black Alliance for Jt Immigratn. Durg our nversatn, which has been eded for length and clary, we discsed what would mean to fund police partments, how the ronavis panmic has shaped the Amerin rponse to the protts, and what’s next for Black Liv Matter.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>How are the protts different om what me before, and why do you thk they are different om what me before?</strong></p><p class="paywall">While we see that a lot of anger and outrage and tratn was sparked by the barbaric murr of Gee Floyd, ’s also clear to me that we have been stg our hom, navigatg the panmic, alg wh loved on beg sick, alg wh a great al of fear and ncern about what the day and the future will hold. We have lns of people who have lost their jobs and filed for unemployment and are livg paycheck to paycheck and hand to mouth, and I believe they are jt thoroughly fed up and thoroughly bi themselv wh grief and ncern and spair bee the ernment do not seem to have a plan of actn that is dignified and prehensive and seeks to addrs the re ncerns that the average Amerin has.</p><p class="paywall">And so my belief and my view of the protts is that they are different bee they are marked by a perd that has been eply personal to lns of Amerins and rints of the Uned Stat, and that has them more tenr or sensive to what is gog on. People who would normally have been at work now have time to go to a prott or a rally, and have time to thk about why they have been stgglg so much, and they are thkg, This actually isn’t right and I want to make time, and I have the abily to make time now and make my ncerns heard. So I thk is markedly differently terms of the volume of mands we are hearg. People are absolutely liftg up nam like <a href=">Breonna Taylor</a> and Ahmd Arbery and Gee Floyd, but I thk they are very clearly the streets for themselv and their fay members bee they don’t know who is next, and they are also ncerned about the enomic reali that they are faced wh.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>It’s tertg that your answer focsed so ltle on crimal jtice specifilly. Is jt that the crimal-jtice issu have been gog on forever and so the addnal thgs were need, or is there somethg different about the way society is reactg to crimal-jtice outrag 2020?</strong></p><div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--article-mid-ntent" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--article-mid-ntent nsumer-marketg-un__slot---ntent"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><p class="paywall">I absolutely thk people are ncerned wh police btaly. Let me make that absolutely clear. We have been fightg and advotg to stop a war on black liv. And that is how we see —this is a war on black life. And people unrstand that this system is filled wh all sorts of equaly and jtice, and that implic bias and jt outright racism is embedd the way that policg is done this natn—and when you thk about historilly, was found as a slave patrol. The evolutn of policg was rooted that. People regnize that. So their tratn is absolutely about the policg and the crimal-jtice system wr large and the racial dimensns of , and s lethal impact on our muni.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-1 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">But I would say that there is somethg about the enomic ndns addn to the lethal force we are seeg every day that mak this moment feel different, where people are makg different kds of mands. We do a lot of work wh the <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Movement for Black Liv</a> and a number of anizatns and dividuals and different lears who are part of that formatn, and we have been llg for the fundg of police, a moratorium on rent, a moratorium on mortgag and utili. We need to not have people’s utili shut off—their light, their water, and jt basic needs that people have.</p><p class="paywall">So our mands are also reflective of the fact that when we started Black Liv Matter, wasn’t solely about police btaly and extrajudicial killg. That was a spark pot, but was very tentnal for to talk about the way that black liv are cut short all across the board. You n talk about the qualy of our life terms of hog and tn and health-re systems and the panmic and what we are seeg there. So for has been more prehensive than jt the crimal-jtice system and policg. It’s bigger than that.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>Is important that a specific agenda is heard om protters, or is that the job of other people?</strong></p><div class="Contaer-bkChBi byNLHx"></div><p class="paywall">A specific agenda like?</p><p class="paywall"><strong>People showg up at protts wh signs listg specific reforms.</strong></p><p class="paywall">You know, I thk is important that we have those typ of thgs, but I also believe that what we are wnsg now is the openg up of imagatns, where people are begng to thk more expansively about what the solutns uld be. We have our solutns. We want the rights of protters to be rpected. We want a divtment om the police and an vtment black muni. We are mandg immediate relief for our muni. We want muny ntrol. We want an end to this war agast black people. So we are clear our mands, and we have mands for each cy, so each cy has s own unique mands, pecially ci that are very active the protts right now. You will see that lol anizers have been workg on the ground for years, and have already had their own reports and seri of polici, and so what we are lookg to do is amplify those.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>I have seen Ain-Amerin activists say two thgs about the protts beg more vlent—and this se I don’t mean the vlence om the police. The first is that talkg about this is a distractn om what really matters, and the other is that is bad and tak attentn away om the peaceful majory. How do you feel about that nversatn?</strong></p><p class="paywall">I thk that nversatn is plited, and, generally speakg, I jt don’t equate the loss of life and the loss of property. I n’t even hold those two the same regard, and I thk for far too long we have seen that happen. We have had the nversatns where we are nflatg very different reali and operatg om different value systems. So, for me, that’s how I view , and a lot of my lleagu and peers as well as mentors have siar views. We are really focsed on how to get our mands out and stay focsed on the ma thg, which is people, and we want to value our love of people over property.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><asi class="PersistentAsiWrapper-VGrR daRVRt persistent-asi" style="posn:absolute;top:to;height:to" data-ttid="PersistentAsiWrapper"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="dy0xm"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></asi></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="skmuw"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall"><strong>I asked bee I wanted you to lay out what fundg police would look like practice. Addnally, I was wonrg if you thk that mand is a harr sell if thgs appear to people to be out of ntrol.</strong></p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-2 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">Their budgets are overly bloated. And we n see this many ways, but I thk the most symbolic ways—and not even symbolic, ’s material—are that we see they are arized and we see all the equipment they have been able to lay out overnight or hours. So we know they have a vast amount of rourc.</p><p class="paywall">Early on, when we first started Black Liv Matter, about a year or two to s creatn, I worked wh some amazg ras New York, and we worked on this mpaign lled “Safety Beyond Policg.” The New York Cy ernment was sayg that was gog to <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">allote</a> a hundred ln dollars for a thoand new police officers. And here I am, a B.L.M. -founr, on the heels of the murr of Eric Garner, thkg to myself, How are the people gog to unleash even more police officers our muni, when clearly we are seeg that enough is enough? This overpolicg of largely poor muni, which are largely people of lor bee poverty is racialized this untry, means that we are the on teractg wh law enforcement more. And wh all this racial bias, of urse, we see this btaly and the murrs.</p><p class="paywall">And so we started this mpaign for muny members to really be volved the nversatn about how to keep ourselv safe whout an overreliance on law enforcement. And what we nclud is that we need social workers. We need the rourc to go to our social workers and tors. We need to go to our schools. We would love to have mental-health profsnals when we have certa cris our muni. We would like to not have a charge when we jump the turnstile bee we don’t have money for a subway ticket, and jobs programs for our youth durg the summer. People were very creative, and they knew exactly what they need. It was very easy for people to e to the nclns as to what safety uld look like.</p><p class="paywall">And so I say all this to say that, y, a fundg of police looks like an vtment the muny, and I thk is perfectly fe, and we have seen before and we jt need a lot more of . And I thk is a slap the face when lol ernments see what is happeng wh their police preccts and beyond and still say, “We are gog to allote even more money for this thg that is clearly not workg.” If you had a job and were msg up this badly and had a lethal oute, you would be fired. It don’t make sense that we ntue on this.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>Don’t give my boss any ias.</strong></p><p class="paywall">You’re good.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>Should the role for Black Liv Matter be any different now om what was when began?</strong></p><p class="paywall">So 2013, and even 2014, we began more as a platform and a space to velop muny and share analysis. In 2013, Gee Zimmerman is acquted for the murr of Trayvon Mart. Alicia wr a Facebook post. I reached out to her. I didn’t know Patrisse at the time, but she puts a hashtag on . I buy the doma name. And we start to e this hashtag as our umbrella language, and we share wh other muny anizers our work. And then 2014 happens, when Michael Brown is murred. We are reelg and shocked and seeg how different people Fergon are met wh a arized police force, and that gets gog aga and we do a Black Liv Matter Freedom Ri. So hundreds of are on the ground and om that pot we velop a work, bee people are like, Hey, Fergons are everywhere, and we don’t want to jt go back home and act like this was a one-off act of solidary. We want to do somethg. And that was sentially the begng of our work.</p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-3 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">And has always been somewhat centralized. We have tried var stctur, but we have always said the power go on the lol chapter bee they know what is gog on, and they are the on faiar wh the terra. Our chapters are the on leadg. We have had some e and go. I am gettg e-mails where people are tryg to set up chapters aga, so there is always momentum, and ebbs and flows, and there is pecially momentum when there is a tragedy like the on we have wnsed recent tim. People want to create a chapter and rise up.</p><p class="paywall">But is largely still the same, I will say that. There are chapters across the untry, many of them are operatnal and do their own fund-raisg, and make their mands, and then, of urse, they are munitn wh one another, and that is the other betiful thg. We end up seeg that there are monali and trends what is gog on wh different police forc or other issu. So some chapters are more focsed the tn system. Some are more focsed on workg wh sex workers who are abed. So different chapters might take on different issu, but there is this throughle of valug black life and unrstandg that we are not a monolh but beg radilly clive terms of chapter makp.</p></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan full-bleed-ad row-mid-ntent-ad"><div class="StickyMidContentAdWrapper-fSBzwl drzyIa ad-stickymidntent"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--mid-ntent should-hold-space"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--mid-ntent" data-no-id="wryxoq"></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ArticlePageChunksGrid-hfxa bjczjj grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="BodyWrapper-kufPGa bDyAMU body body__ntaer article__body" data-journey-hook="client-ntent" data-ttid="BodyWrapper"><div class="body__ner-ntaer"><p class="paywall"><strong>If we are a once--a-century lamy that will overwhelmgly affect Ain-Amerins, and I am talkg about the ronavis, what might that mean for the movement gog forward?</strong></p><p class="paywall">Let me jt take a beat and thk how I want to answer that, bee I thk is what is weighg on all of right now. Hontly, I thk we have to be seemgly amb wh our mands. But they are not really amb. They are really jt basic. What I articulated earlier is really jt the basele of what we know we need, not jt what we know we want. We need the harm to stop our muni. We need the damage to be repaired. We need to be able to have the opportuny to have a life of digny, and the possibily to thrive. We need all of those thgs. So om the divtment om policg, to the vtment our muni, the all feel like very re and basele mands. So we are gog to ph those.</p><p class="paywall">But what we have been dog the terim—even before the large protts and ralli—is a lot of mutual-aid work. The anizatn I ed to lead, <a data-offer-url=" class="external-lk" data-event-click="{"element":"ExternalLk","outgogURL":"" href=" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank">Black Alliance For Jt Immigratn</a>—I was the director there for about ten years, and worked wh black immigrants and refuge and Ain-Amerins as well—the new director is amazg and has been dog a lot of work utilizg a mutual-aid mol of llectg rourc, be money or food or different skills embedd the muny, so people n show up for one other and the ncerns and need we have. And we are gog to ntue seeg that. I thk that is one of the most effective and empowerg ways for to rist this moment, and really practice our own sense of rponsibily. But we do need ernment rponse. We have already seen massive unemployment and we will see more. So we need prehensive rpons to the panmic, that are about both health and enomics.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>How ncerned are you about health issu at the protts?</strong></p><p class="paywall">Concern about the panmic is high, but people are also very clear that you n s at home and also be affected by this illns, or you n go out and fight for a chance to live a life full of digny, and they are willg to risk . I thk we have to s wh the profundy of this moment, and what really means for people to say, “You know what, we are this health crisis yet I nnot stay my hoe. There is too much at stake. I am gog to make an rmed cisn, and I am gog out agast all odds bee is worth and the stat quo is tolerable.” I am really amazed and so moved by the thoands if not lns of urageo people who have ma the cisn to go to the streets. I am so awe of them. They are so brave, and those are the people our untry has need for so long.</p><p class="paywall"><strong>You n always wear a mask.</strong></p><div data-attr-viewport-monor="le-recirc" class="le-recirc-wrapper le-recirc-observer-target-4 viewport-monor-anchor"></div><p class="paywall">And you n always wear a mask. And people are dog . [Lghs.] And people are dog their bt to be safe at the ralli and march. I have seen a lot of that and am grateful for .</p><p class="paywall">One thg I jt want to unrsre is that the world is watchg . We see the ralli solidary emergg all across the globe, and I have iends textg me wh their imag France and the Netherlands and Costa Ri, and people are showg me that they are showg up solidary. People are really tryg to show up this moment for black people, but I thk they are also dog bee they have been mad for a mute, almost like this panmic was a pse, and they were able to thk about what would jtice look like, and what is actually gog on, and they have been able to reflect on what is gog on. I thk they have been not O.K. for so many years, and they are fally sayg, “Hey, we are gog to take to the streets and say we are gog to show up solidary wh you.”</p><p class="paywall">I also thk people are lookg at the Uned Stat and thk that we weren’t able to have a prehensive plan to al wh the panmic. They are watchg how over a hundred thoand people have died so far, and they are also seeg the racial dimensns of . Almost a third of the people dyg have been black, and we are only thirteen per cent of the populatn. So much of this is nceivable but is starg right the face. So I thk there is a lot of prsure that is mountg this moment, and I jt hope that our ernment choos to do the right thg. I thk this is jt the begng.</p><hr class="paywall"/><h2 class="paywall">Race, Policg, and Black Liv Matter Protts</h2><ul class="paywall"><li>The <a href=">ath of Gee Floyd</a>, ntext.</li><li>The civil-rights lawyer <a href=">Bryan Stevenson</a> exam the tratn and spair behd the protts.</li><li>Who, David Remnick asks, is the te agator behd the <a href=">racial unrt</a>?</li><li>A soclogist exam the so-lled <a href=">pillars of whens</a> that prevent whe Amerins om nontg racism.</li><li>The Black Liv Matter -founr Opal Tometi on what would mean to <a href=">fund police partments</a>, and what next.</li><li>The qut to transform the Uned Stat <a href=">nnot be limed</a> to challengg s btal police.</li></ul></div></div></div><div class="GridItem-buujkM fVLMby grid--em grid-layout__asi"><div class="StickyBoxWrapper-jfYB jxBcTH sticky-box"><div class="StickyBoxPrimary-dzWDWL cdhYoN sticky-box__primary"><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ ad ad--rail"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--rail" data-no-id="98m9r5"></div></div><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--display-rail" role="prentatn" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--display-rail"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></div><div class="StickyBoxPlaceholr-grPmrg dxAvXx"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 PaywallInleBarrierWhWrapperGrid-fyrGfS kLQIUk grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__le-barrier article__body"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"><asi class="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper-iBnuqk lfXXa-D" data-ttid="PaywallInleBarrierWrapper"><div class="ConsumerMarketgUnThemedWrapper-iUTMTf jssHut nsumer-marketg-un nsumer-marketg-un--paywall-le-barrier" role="prentatn" aria-live="pole" aria-hidn="te"><div class="nsumer-marketg-un__slot nsumer-marketg-un__slot--paywall-le-barrier"></div><div class="journey-un"></div></div></asi></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 ContentWrapperGrid-fvkmBv brYtrA grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="body body__ntaer"><div class="ntaer ntaer--body"><div class="ntaer--body-ner"></div></div></div></div></div></div></article><div class="ContentFooterWrapper-jVNdRG dTJkpP ArticlePageContentFooterGrid-ccsXYy eMZRHU article-body__footer"><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"></div></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div class="ContributorsWrapper-eNpWFu GWFsc ntributors" data-ttid="Contributors"><div class="ContributorBWrapper-bnVHbt gMon"><div class="ContributorBAvatar-bIGTqf eMWbvj"><a href="/ntributors/isaac-choter"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW jvZaPI rponsive-asset"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa rponsive-image"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></picture></span></a></div><div class="ContributorBContent-ubQdr jZTSSi"><div class="ContributorBHear-ledood XOIEx"></div><div class="ContributorBB-fBolsO giFhKz"><a href="/ntributors/isaac-choter">Isaac Choter</a> is a staff wrer at The New Yorker, where he is the prcipal ntributor to Q. & A., a seri of terviews wh public figur polics, media, books, bs, technology, and more.</div><div class="ContributorBFooter-brqDlv ezUmSv"></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="RowWrapper" class="RowWrapper-UmqTg HEhan"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="TagCloudWrapper" class="TagCloudWrapper-gGgndx ctyZyK ContentFooterTagCloud-krQmRG ZLGh"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudSectnHear-cOforY iUEiRd bPyAoD kQQRmu">More:</span><a href="/tag/black-liv-matter" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Black Liv Matter</span></a><a href="/tag/racism" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Racism</span></a><a href="/tag/protts" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Protts</span></a><a href="/tag/racial-jtice--ameri" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Racial Injtice Ameri</span></a><a href="/tag/policg-and-black-liv-matter-protts" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Policg and Protts</span></a><a href="/tag/police-btaly" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Police Btaly</span></a><a href="/tag/gee-floyd" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Gee Floyd</span></a><a href="/tag/breonna-taylor" class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BaseLk-eNWuiM TagCloudLk-kvjZFu iUEiRd ggMZaT gFob hIhJOI"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ TagCloudName-eAUnLd iUEiRd gwIVBQ bUkXwu">Breonna Taylor</span></a></div></div></div></div><div data-ttid="ContentFooterBottom" class="ContentFooterBottom-jwWZfC kcbyiW"><div class="ContentFooterNewsletterContentWrapper-bmjtna kixtae"><div class="GridWrapper-cAzTTK kHBDeH grid grid-margs grid-ems-2 grid-layout--adrail narrow wi-adrail"><div class="GridItem-buujkM stRKV grid--em grid-layout__ntent"><div data-ttid="NewsletterSubscribeFormWrapper" class="NewsletterSubscribeFormWrapper-fCqqkN jKSBhE newsletter-subscribe-form 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summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/news/q-and-a/st-pls-mayor-on-vlence--the-tw-ci" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="St. Pl’s Mayor on Vlence the Tw Ci" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Q. & A.</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/news/q-and-a/st-pls-mayor-on-vlence--the-tw-ci" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">St. Pl’s Mayor on Vlence the Tw Ci</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/news/q-and-a/st-pls-mayor-on-vlence--the-tw-ci" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-1" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="St. Pl’s Mayor on Vlence the Tw Ci" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">Melv Carter speaks about the need for law-enforcement reforms, the role of the police the muny, and why patience shouldn’t be asked of those prottg the ath of Gee Floyd.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Isaac Choter</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--article summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm fvDIAb" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/news/q-and-a/bryan-stevenson-on-the-tratn-behd-the-gee-floyd-protts" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Bryan Stevenson on the Fstratn Behd the Gee Floyd Protts" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Q. & A.</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href="/news/q-and-a/bryan-stevenson-on-the-tratn-behd-the-gee-floyd-protts" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Bryan Stevenson on the Fstratn Behd the Gee Floyd Protts</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href="/news/q-and-a/bryan-stevenson-on-the-tratn-behd-the-gee-floyd-protts" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-2" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Bryan Stevenson on the Fstratn Behd the Gee Floyd Protts" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">The Equal Jtice Iniative founr discs the roots of police vlence, how to change the culture of policg, and the tratn and spair behd this week’s protts.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Isaac Choter</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--evio summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm fvDIAb" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 720w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 480w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Gee Floyd’s Death Sets Off a Wave of Protts" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Vio</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Gee Floyd’s Death Sets Off a Wave of Protts</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-3" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 720w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 480w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Gee Floyd’s Death Sets Off a Wave of Protts" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k summary-em__k--isCneVio">Igned by the killg of Floyd by a law-enforcement officer, monstratns targetg racial jtice and police btaly took place natnwi.</div></div></div><div class="SummaryItemWrapper-iwvBff hlYhBH summary-em summary-em--ARTICLE summary-em--no-in summary-em--text-align-left summary-em--layout-placement-text-below-sktop-only summary-em--layout-posn-image-right summary-em--layout-proportns-33-66 summary-em--si-by-si-align-center summary-em--si-by-si-image-right-mobile-false summary-em--standard SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm fvDIAb" role="button" tabx="0"><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Are You the Same Person You Used to Be?" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="SummaryItemContent-eiDYMl ldWYvC summary-em__ntent"><div class="RubricWrapper-dKmCNX kImuKS bric bric--disvery SummaryItemRubric-dguGKN fYiFyD summary-em__bric"><span class="RubricName-fVtemz cLxcNi">Annals of Inquiry</span></div><a class="SummaryItemHedLk-civM cZPaWG summary-em-trackg__hed-lk summary-em__hed-lk" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-hed-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" href=" target="_self"><div class="SummaryItemHedBase-hiFYpQ iIjKeM summary-em__hed" data-ttid="SummaryItemHed">Are You the Same Person You Used to Be?</div></a><div class="SummaryItemAssetContaer-gwhFFH VOyg summary-em__asset-ntaer"><a class="SummaryItemImageLk-dshqxb USLvL summary-em__image-lk summary-em-trackg__image-lk" href=" aria-hidn="te" tabx="-1" data-ponent-type="recirc-river" data-recirc-id="em-image-4" data-recirc-pattern="summary-em" target="_self"><span class="SpanWrapper-umhxW kGxnNB rponsive-asset SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image"><div data-tt="aspect-rat-ntaer" class="AspectRatContaer-bJHpJz jMoLpX"><div class="aspect-rat--overlay-ntaer"><picture class="RponsiveImagePicture-cWuUZO dUOtEa SummaryItemRponsiveAsset-hjGIGg egpoQR summary-em__image rponsive-image"><noscript><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w, 640w" siz="100vw"/><source media="(m-width: 768px)" srcSet=" 120w, 240w, 320w" siz="100vw"/><img alt="Are You the Same Person You Used to Be?" class="RponsiveImageContaer-eybHBd fptoWY rponsive-image__image" src="></noscript></picture></div></div></span></a></div><div class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ SummaryItemDek-CRfsi iUEiRd jxOIpm cPtisA summary-em__k">Rearchers have studied how much of our personaly is set om childhood, but what you’re like isn’t who you are.</div><div class="SummaryItemByleWrapper-boCfbi hYsZi summary-em__byle-date-in"><div class="SummaryItemBaseByle-fFbXkY cgDBtc summary-em__byle"><div class="summary-em__byle__ntent"><div data-ttid="BylWrapper" class="BylWrapper-KIudk irTIfE byl"><p class="ByleWrapper-jWHrLH dSEWiO byle byl__byle" data-ttid="ByleWrapper" emProp="thor" emType="><span emProp="name" class="ByleNamWrapper-jbHncj fuDQVo"><span data-ttid="ByleName" class="ByleName-kwmrLn cYaBaU byle__name"><span class="BaseWrap-sc-gjQpdd BaseText-ewhhUZ BylePreamble-iJolpQ iUEiRd jslZfG gnILss byle__preamble">By </span>Joshua Rothman</span></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="AdWrapper-dQtivb fZrssQ SummaryCollectnGridSummaryItem-WColm fvDIAb ad ad--read-more"><div class="ad__slot ad__slot--read-more" data-no-id="qrop"></div></div></div><div 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