In the Philipp, the gay muny, specifilly the male gay muny, has s own unique slang lled gay speak or swardspeak.
Contents:
- FILIPO GAY LGO EXPLAED FOR THE RT OF THE WORLD
- GAY DADDY
- GAY SLANG: A SECRET LANGUAGE THAT BEGAN AS AN ACT OF DEFIANCE
- GAY MONEY
- LEARNG GAY LGO: A STARTER GUI!
- CATEGORY:CEBUANO GAY SLANG
- SWARDSPEAK: THE COLORFUL LANGUAGE OF THE FILIPO GAY COMMUNY
- JAGUARS ACH KEV MAXEN OUT AS GAY HISTORIC ANNOUNCEMENT
- RUSSIA: GAY-PAY-OO
- RSIAN GAY MAN FED MORE THAN TWO MONTHS SALARY FOR PROMOTG "NON-TRADNAL SEXUAL RELATNS" ON WEBSESERGEI ALEKSEENKO IS ACCED OF POSTG PROPAGANDA LIKE: "BEG GAY MEANS BEG STRONG AND NFINT."{FONT:NORMAL 800 1.2REM/1.2 "D BOLD",SANS-SERIF;TEXT-TRANSFORM:NORMAL;LOR:HER;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG-BOTTOM:6PX;POSN:RELATIVE;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{BACKGROUND:#89308A;BOTTOM:0;NTENT:'';DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:2PX;LEFT:0;POSN:ABSOLUTE;RIGHT:0;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;WIDTH:100%;}{LEFT:51%;RIGHT:51%;WIDTH:0;}{FONT:NORMAL 800 1.2REM/1.2 "D BOLD",SANS-SERIF;TEXT-TRANSFORM:NORMAL;LOR:HER;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG-BOTTOM:6PX;POSN:RELATIVE;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{BACKGROUND:#89308A;BOTTOM:0;NTENT:'';DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:2PX;LEFT:0;POSN:ABSOLUTE;RIGHT:0;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;WIDTH:100%;}{LEFT:51%;RIGHT:51%;WIDTH:0;}NEWSBY DAN AVERYFEBARY 3, 2016/9:52 PMBY DAN AVERYFEBARY 3, 2016 / 9:52 PM{"@NTEXT":","@TYPE":"NEWSARTICLE","HEADLE":"RSIAN GAY MAN FED MORE THAN TWO MONTHS SALARY FOR PROMOTG \"NON-TRADNAL SEXUAL RELATNS\" ON WEBSE","DATEPUBLISHED":"2016-02-04T02:52:42.000+0000","DATEMODIFIED":"2016-02-04T02:52:42.000+0000","IMAGE":{"@NTEXT":","@TYPE":"IMAGEOBJECT","WIDTH":1920,"HEIGHT":1080},"URL":","THOR":{"@TYPE":"ORGANIZATN","NAME":"LOGO TV"},"MAENTYOFPAGE":{"@TYPE":"WEBPAGE","@ID":"},"PUBLISHER":{"@TYPE":"ORGANIZATN","@ID":","NAME":"LOGO TV","URL":","LOGO":{"@TYPE":"IMAGEOBJECT"}},"CREATOR":"DAN AVERY","ARTICLESECTN":"NEWS"}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}A URT RSIA FOUND A GAY MAN GUILTY OF VLATG THE UNTRY'S BAN ON "GAY PROPAGANDA" ON HIS {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH REPORTS THAT SERGEI ALEKSEENKO, DIRECTOR OF MAXIMUM, AN LGBT RIGHTS GROUP MURMANSK, WAS FED 100,000 BL (ABOUT $1,300) ON JANUARY {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THE AVERAGE MONTHLY WAGE MOSW IS ABOUT 50,000 {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THE URT TERMED ALEKSEENKO DISSEMATED POSIVE RMATN ABOUT LGBT RELATNSHIPS TO CHILDREN ON MAXIMUM'S PAGE ON VK, RSIA'S ANSWER TO {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}INVTIGATORS MATAED THE SE NTAED "LGUISTIC AND PSYCHOLOGIL ELEMENTS OF PROPAGANDA OF NON-TRADNAL SEXUAL RELATNS."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}ONE CRIMATG POST READ "BEG GAY MEANS BEG A PERSON WHO IS BRAVE, STRONG, NFINT AND PERSISTENT, WHO HAS A SENSE OF DIGNY AND SELF-RPECT."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}ANOTHER CLUD A POEM SCRIBG A SEXUAL ENUNTER BETWEEN TWO MEN, BY THE 19TH-CENTURY RSIAN MIKHAIL {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}POLICE BEGAN THE SE AGAST ALEKSEENKO JANUARY 2015, BUT HE WAS NOT TOLD ABOUT UNTIL DECEMBER OF THAT YEAR. MAXIMUM'S OFFIC WERE ATTACKED APRIL AND THE GROUP ACTUALLY CEASED OPERATNS OCTOBER, AFTER THORI REGISTERED AS A "FOREIGN AGENT."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}ALEKSEENKO IS APPEALG THE {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;CLEAR:BOTH;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;MARG:0 TO;WIDTH:90%;M-WIDTH:288PX;MAX-WIDTH:1440PX;M-HEIGHT:194PX;}LATT NEWS
- TRANSLATN OF GAY – ENGLISH–RSIAN DICTNARY
- HOW TO SAY GAY RSIAN
FILIPO GAY LGO EXPLAED FOR THE RT OF THE WORLD
We round up the 10 hottt new beki terms that will make your gay iends proud to ll you "bh". * money gay language *
() Wh a transgenr woman Congrs and the immense populary of shows like Queer Eye and RuPl's Drag Race, gay culture is currently at the foreont of mastream Filipo nscns a way has never been before. Likewise, lol gay lgo (more monly known as "bekispeak") is evolvg. Provg jt how funny the evolutn of language n be, achoo is the newt eratn of the classic beki term "pamta, " which refers to gay men who seem like they're straight.
Ok first up, let's start wh probably the most mon gay lgo: "Charot! Fally, a gay lgo that has has somethg to do wh where origated om. Lastly, and probably the most important gay lgo — "shuta" — which basilly means "fuck" or "bch.
Wh words like "sha, " "tea, " and "kiki" proment queer culture, sometim feels like 's impossible for straights to unrstand gays... But once upon a time, that was exactly what Brish gays wanted. Called Polari, the gay slang is posed of back slang, circ slang, and broken Yiddish and Italian.
GAY DADDY
Heavily ed by Brish gays the 1920s bee of anti-homosexual laws, efforts are beg ma to prerve an entirely queer-based slang. * money gay language *
The "secret language" was ed heavily by gays the circ, navy, and theater, and arose out of the need to discs gay matters unr a clever guise, due to homosexual acts beg illegal Bra until the passage of the Sexual Offens Act 1967.
GAY SLANG: A SECRET LANGUAGE THAT BEGAN AS AN ACT OF DEFIANCE
A gay man who is ually middle-aged (40-60+), who has a more domant personaly and don't md providg moary funds and/or protectn and guidance to his mate/boyiend. The term mostly impli that the man has a penchant for younger mal, often their late teens or their twenti, but his mate don't have to be that much younger than him necsarily for the term to apply. The term also impli a domant/submissive relatnship where the olr male is domant and the younger male is submissive. The term is not to be nfed wh "sugar daddy," which impli a young mate beg showered and lavished wh gifts and money exchange for a sexual, and possibly, romantic relatnship; a gay daddy and his mate are most often romantilly volved, and the ma motivatn for the younger male the relatnship isn't money or material ems, but bee he prefers olr men due to their matury or their attractivens. However, a gay daddy often do provi money or material objects to the younger male due to havg more means due to his age and experience and his role the relatnship." name="Dcriptn" property="og:scriptn * money gay language *
Here's some of the amg slang: Basket - the bulge of male genals through clothFantabulos-wonrfulEf - face (backslang) DollyEf - pretty face Chicken - a young guySome Polari words still exist morn gay slang.
As gays began to fight for acceptance and rights, they ma a ncentrated effort to remove the Brish society's one-dimensnal view of all gays as beg overly mpy and effemate.
Check out Atlas Obscura pots out, Polari was a great self-performative outlet for Brish gays to not only exprs themselv but also easily intify and n wh fellow memebers of the queer muny. Pri, formerly known as Gay Pri, is a regnn of LGBTQ inty, affirmatn of equal rights, and celebratn of visibily, digny, and diversy the LGBTQ muny. While the word homosexual is still ocsnally ed some ntexts, you might have noticed that don’t make an appearance any versn of the LGBTQ acronym.
GAY MONEY
The LGBTQ+ muny is known for havg unique and creative ways of self-exprsn. One secret language began as an act of fiance agast an anti-gay society. * money gay language *
As our age note on the term stat, “up until 1973, homosexualy was listed The Diagnostic and Statistil Manual of Mental Disorrs (DSM), psychiatry’s standard reference on the classifitn of mental illns. People aware of this former tegorizatn feel that the term homosexual still rri a negative nnotatn. ” In fact, the term homosexual was liberately rejected by early gay rights activists bee, acrdg to The New York Tim, “they did not want to be intified as exclively sexual begs.
For the and other reasons, the term homosexual is wily nsired disparagg and offensive. Instead, the terms gay and lbian are generally preferred.
LEARNG GAY LGO: A STARTER GUI!
Nakakalurkey ech,nro akh , ay bongga pak na pak! (I’m shocked, I’m blown away, and ’s extravagant and great.) This LGBT speak or gay lgo is monly known as BEKI SPEAK the untry. Terms n be ed everyday suatn nversatns. Gay lgo sometim has an timate nversatn, to… * money gay language *
Gay, on the other hand, n be ed to scribe a person of any genr who experienc same-sex attractn, although is most often ed to scribe a man who is attracted to men. The days, the term homosexual is typilly limed to medil ntexts, if ed at all.
CATEGORY:CEBUANO GAY SLANG
If you're young and sred that you'll lose your fay bee you're gay, make the four money mov for your own fancial secury. * money gay language *
On June 28, 1969, the New York Cy police raid the Stonewall Inn, a bar equented by gay and genr-nonnformg people (at a time when terms like LGBTQ didn’t yet exist). They attempted to arrt the gay and trans bar patrons, which started a seri of protts agast the police. Partially rponse to Stonewall, 1970, queer activists New York Cy anized a march to Central Park wh the theme “Gay Pri.
SWARDSPEAK: THE COLORFUL LANGUAGE OF THE FILIPO GAY COMMUNY
From Regency England to 1920s Harlem to Miss Piggy, gay vernacular has given voice to homosexual inty and sire a hostile world. In some parts, still do. * money gay language *
Trans activist Slyvia Rivera particular advoted for the more forceful slogan “Gay power.
JAGUARS ACH KEV MAXEN OUT AS GAY HISTORIC ANNOUNCEMENT
* money gay language *
The term queer, like the term homosexual, has a b of a troubled history.
RUSSIA: GAY-PAY-OO
A urt Rsia found a gay man guilty of vlatg the untry's ban on "gay propaganda" by postg rmatn about servic for LGBT people onle. * money gay language *
However, unlike homosexual, has been wily reappropriated by the LGBTQ muny as a label.
Queer lerally means “strange or odd om a nventnal viewpot, ” and by at least by the late 1800s, queer was ployed as a rogatory term for an effemate or gay man. In 1990, this effort foced on queer as a llective term for gay and lbian people. Queer was seen as a way to refer to gays and lbians whout beg genr-sentialist or g divisns wh the muny.
homoromantic: a person who is romantilly attracted to people of the same sex or genr.
RSIAN GAY MAN FED MORE THAN TWO MONTHS SALARY FOR PROMOTG "NON-TRADNAL SEXUAL RELATNS" ON WEBSESERGEI ALEKSEENKO IS ACCED OF POSTG PROPAGANDA LIKE: "BEG GAY MEANS BEG STRONG AND NFINT."{FONT:NORMAL 800 1.2REM/1.2 "D BOLD",SANS-SERIF;TEXT-TRANSFORM:NORMAL;LOR:HER;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG-BOTTOM:6PX;POSN:RELATIVE;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{BACKGROUND:#89308A;BOTTOM:0;NTENT:'';DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:2PX;LEFT:0;POSN:ABSOLUTE;RIGHT:0;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;WIDTH:100%;}{LEFT:51%;RIGHT:51%;WIDTH:0;}{FONT:NORMAL 800 1.2REM/1.2 "D BOLD",SANS-SERIF;TEXT-TRANSFORM:NORMAL;LOR:HER;DISPLAY:LE-BLOCK;PADDG-BOTTOM:6PX;POSN:RELATIVE;TEXT-TRANSFORM:UPPERSE;}{BACKGROUND:#89308A;BOTTOM:0;NTENT:'';DISPLAY:BLOCK;HEIGHT:2PX;LEFT:0;POSN:ABSOLUTE;RIGHT:0;-WEBK-TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;TRANSN:ALL 0.2S EASE;WIDTH:100%;}{LEFT:51%;RIGHT:51%;WIDTH:0;}NEWSBY DAN AVERYFEBARY 3, 2016/9:52 PMBY DAN AVERYFEBARY 3, 2016 / 9:52 PM{"@NTEXT":","@TYPE":"NEWSARTICLE","HEADLE":"RSIAN GAY MAN FED MORE THAN TWO MONTHS SALARY FOR PROMOTG \"NON-TRADNAL SEXUAL RELATNS\" ON WEBSE","DATEPUBLISHED":"2016-02-04T02:52:42.000+0000","DATEMODIFIED":"2016-02-04T02:52:42.000+0000","IMAGE":{"@NTEXT":","@TYPE":"IMAGEOBJECT","WIDTH":1920,"HEIGHT":1080},"URL":","THOR":{"@TYPE":"ORGANIZATN","NAME":"LOGO TV"},"MAENTYOFPAGE":{"@TYPE":"WEBPAGE","@ID":"},"PUBLISHER":{"@TYPE":"ORGANIZATN","@ID":","NAME":"LOGO TV","URL":","LOGO":{"@TYPE":"IMAGEOBJECT"}},"CREATOR":"DAN AVERY","ARTICLESECTN":"NEWS"}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}A URT RSIA FOUND A GAY MAN GUILTY OF VLATG THE UNTRY'S BAN ON "GAY PROPAGANDA" ON HIS {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH REPORTS THAT SERGEI ALEKSEENKO, DIRECTOR OF MAXIMUM, AN LGBT RIGHTS GROUP MURMANSK, WAS FED 100,000 BL (ABOUT $1,300) ON JANUARY {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THE AVERAGE MONTHLY WAGE MOSW IS ABOUT 50,000 {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}THE URT TERMED ALEKSEENKO DISSEMATED POSIVE RMATN ABOUT LGBT RELATNSHIPS TO CHILDREN ON MAXIMUM'S PAGE ON VK, RSIA'S ANSWER TO {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}INVTIGATORS MATAED THE SE NTAED "LGUISTIC AND PSYCHOLOGIL ELEMENTS OF PROPAGANDA OF NON-TRADNAL SEXUAL RELATNS."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}ONE CRIMATG POST READ "BEG GAY MEANS BEG A PERSON WHO IS BRAVE, STRONG, NFINT AND PERSISTENT, WHO HAS A SENSE OF DIGNY AND SELF-RPECT."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}ANOTHER CLUD A POEM SCRIBG A SEXUAL ENUNTER BETWEEN TWO MEN, BY THE 19TH-CENTURY RSIAN MIKHAIL {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}POLICE BEGAN THE SE AGAST ALEKSEENKO JANUARY 2015, BUT HE WAS NOT TOLD ABOUT UNTIL DECEMBER OF THAT YEAR. MAXIMUM'S OFFIC WERE ATTACKED APRIL AND THE GROUP ACTUALLY CEASED OPERATNS OCTOBER, AFTER THORI REGISTERED AS A "FOREIGN AGENT."{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;PADDG:24PX 0;} A{LOR:#354A4E;-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;TEXT-RATN:UNRLE;} A:HOVER, A:FOC{-WEBK-TEXT-RATN:NONE;TEXT-RATN:NONE;} B, STRONG{FONT-WEIGHT:700;}ALEKSEENKO IS APPEALG THE {BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;CLEAR:BOTH;}{BOX-SIZG:BORR-BOX;MARG:0 TO;WIDTH:90%;M-WIDTH:288PX;MAX-WIDTH:1440PX;M-HEIGHT:194PX;}LATT NEWS
gay translate: гомосексуальный , веселый, радостный , гомосексуалист . Learn more the Cambridge English-Rsian Dictnary. * money gay language *
A gay man who is ually middle-aged (40-60+), who has a more domant personaly and don't md providg moary funds and/or protectn and guidance to his mate/boyiend. The term is not to be nfed wh "sugar daddy, " which impli a young mate beg showered and lavished wh gifts and money exchange for a sexual, and possibly, romantic relatnship; a gay daddy and his mate are most often romantilly volved, and the ma motivatn for the younger male the relatnship isn't money or material ems, but bee he prefers olr men due to their matury or their attractivens.
However, a gay daddy often do provi money or material objects to the younger male due to havg more means due to his age and experience and his role the the Gay Daddy mug. When you thk of “gay slang, ” what particular phras first e to md?
Polari is the secret language that walked, so gay slang today n n. Polari beme popular durg the early 20th century amongst gay men Bra.
TRANSLATN OF GAY – ENGLISH–RSIAN DICTNARY
Unfortunately, Polari’s orig story is fuzzy, as gay slang was not taken serly as a source of study until recently history. ” Combg the vernaculars of sailors wh a mix of Cockney and Yiddish fluenc, gay men also began to throw a sprkle of classroom-level French to add eher sophistitn or an ironic tone of refement, whichever the speaker choos.
HOW TO SAY GAY RSIAN
Gay slang is culturally nsired to be a prime example of the power of anti-language. But if you were to drop the lgo “Sea Queen” a sual nversatn wh, say, some late 1800s gay sailors, is credibly likely that they will know exactly what you are talkg about.
Humor is a potent munitn tool often ed gay slang as a good-natured and vert tactic of iatg new people to unrstandg the queer perspective.